Esad Sonrası Dönemde Suriye’de Ulusal Ordunun Yeniden İnşası

Öz

Bu makale, Esad rejiminin devrilmesinin ardından Suriye’de ulusal ordunun yeniden inşa sürecini, çatışma sonrası devlet-inşası literatürü çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Araştırmada yöntem olarak süreç takibi kullanılmış; bu yöntemle Baas rejiminin tasfiyesi sonrasında ortaya çıkan kurumsal boşluğun doldurulma çabaları, nedensel ilişkiler içinde analiz edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, güvenlik yapılanmasının temel ilkelerini şekillendiren ulusal diyalog konferansı, anayasal bildirge ve geçici hükümetin oluşturulmasına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca dağınık silahlı yapılar arasından tek bir ulusal ordu oluşturma sürecinde ortaya çıkan iç zorlukları; muhalif grupların entegrasyonu, yabancı savaşçıların statüsü ve Kürt aktörlerle yürütülen müzakereler etrafında şekillenen başlıca gerilim alanları üzerinden ele almaktadır. Azınlık dinamikleri bağlamında ise kıyı bölgelerindeki Alevi topluluklarıyla ilişkiler ve İsrail sınırına yakın bölgelerde yoğunlaşan Dürzi aktörlerin siyasal beklentileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma bölgesel düzeyde, İsrail’in hava saldırıları ve kara operasyonlarının merkezi otoritenin tesisini zorlaştırdığını; Türkiye’nin ise eğitim, danışmanlık ve kurumsal destek yoluyla güvenlik kapasitesinin inşasında öne çıkan bir ortak haline geldiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, ulusal ordunun yeniden inşasının güvenlik kapasitesi, toplumsal meşruiyet ve bölgesel faktörler arasındaki etkileşim içinde şekillendiğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Suriye
• Devlet-İnşası
• Güvenlik Sektörü
• Ulusal Ordu
• Silahlı Gruplar
• Bölgesel Faktörler

Rebuilding the National Army in Post-Assad Syria

Öz

This article examines the reconstruction of the Syrian national army following the collapse of the Assad regime within the framework of post-conflict state-building literature. Methodologically, the article employs process tracing to analyze the efforts to fill the institutional vacuum that emerged after the dismantling of Ba’athist structures, focusing on causal relationships shaping the transition. In this context, the analysis centers on three critical turning points that shaped the core principles of the new security architecture: the national dialogue conference, the constitutional declaration, and the formation of a transitional government. The study further examines the internal challenges of forming a unified national army out of fragmented armed groups, including the integration of opposition factions, debates over the status of foreign combatants, and negotiations with Kurdish actors. It also addresses minority dynamics, particularly relations with Alawite communities in the coastal regions and the political expectations articulated by Druze actors concentrated near the Israeli border. At the regional level, the findings indicate that Israel’s airstrikes and ground operations have complicated the consolidation of central authority, while Türkiye has emerged as a prominent partner through training, advisory, and institutional support. Overall, the findings suggest that the reconstruction of a national army in post-Assad Syria has been shaped by the interaction between security capacity, social legitimacy, and regional factors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Syria
• State-Building
• Security Sector
• National Army
• Armed Groups
• Regional Factors

Kaynakça

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