The Politicization of Migration and the Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism in Hungary

Öz

Viktor Orbán, the Prime Minister of Hungary, has made inflammatory statements against asylum seekers and migrants defining them as “poison” and “not needed”. Orbán’s government carried out a public campaign against refugee quota plan introduced by European Commission. The public campaign has served to spark anti-migrant sentiments by circulating misleading messages that associated refugees with terrorism and sexual assault. This article seeks to analyze the role of Orbán’s anti-migrant and anti-refugee discourses on his rising authoritarianism in Hungary. It is argued that the political system of Hungary has been going through a gradual transition from democracy to competitive authoritarianism under Orbán’s rule and his anti-migrant propaganda have contributed to this transformation by dominating the public discourse and raising his political support. As an elected populist Orbán has been eroding the existing democratic institutions by making changes in the judicial, legislative, electoral arenas and pressurizing media through regulatory agencies. The Refugee Crisis of 2015 gave him the opportunity to create the sense of crisis and urgency which has helped him further consolidate his power. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Competitive Authoritarianism,Democracy,Political Systems

Göçün Siyasallaşması ve Macaristan’da Rekabetçi Otoriterliğin Yükselişi

Öz

Macaristan Başbakanı Viktor Orbán Avrupa’daki sığınmacı ve mültecileri “zehir” ve “gereksiz” gibi kelimelerle tanımlayarak tahrik edici ifadeler kullanmaktadır. Orbán hükümeti, Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından hazırlanan Avrupa’ya sığınan mültecileri Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkelere nüfuslarıyla orantılı olarak dağıtmayı amaçlayan mülteci kotası planına karşı bir kampanya yürütmüştür. Bu devlet kampanyası mültecileri terörle ve cinsel tacizle ilişkilendiren yanıltıcı mesajlar içererek halkta göçmen karşıtı hissiyatın yükselmesine hizmet etmiştir. Bu makale Orbán’ın göçmen ve mülteci karşıtı söyleminin Orbán’ın artan otoriterliği üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Orbán yönetiminde Macaristan’da rejimin demokrasiden rekabetçi otoriterliğe doğru bir dönüşüm geçirdiği ve Orbán’ın göçmen karşıtı propagandasının bu dönüşüme kamusal söylemi domine ederek ve Orbán’a olan desteği arttırarak katkı sağladığı iddia edilmektedir. Seçilmiş bir populist olarak Orbán, demokrasinin kurumlarını yasama, yargı ve seçimlerle ilgili değişiklikler yaparak ve medyayı düzenleme kurumları vasıtasıyla baskı altında tutarak aşındırmaktadır. 2015 Mülteci Krizi de Orbán’a iktidarını devam ettirebilmek için gerekli olan kriz ve aciliyet hissini yaratmasında yardımcı olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demokrasi,Rekabetçi Otoriterlik,Siyasal Sistemler

Kaynakça

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