BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS

Yıl 2001, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 43 - 62, 01.11.2001

Öz

While taking and executing decisions and undertaking risks regarding the results of those decisions in a context of uncertainty is the main function of entrepreneurship, tolerance for ambiguity and risk-taking propensity are seen as major characteristics of entrepreneurs that differentiate them from others. However, this is a complex phenomenon that can not be explained only by the personality traits of an entrepreneur or by individual perception processes. Cultural approach which allows a comprehensive perspective for this topic finds it risky to defend a universal entrepreneurial typology which examines the entrepreneur independent of his or her cultural context. The aim of this study is to investigate how the society’s characteristic of high uncertainty avoidance affects the entrepreneurs’ risk-taking propensity and the level of tolerance of Turkey for ambiguity. According to the results of this study on the small business entrepreneurs, tolerance for ambiguity and risk propensity were not high. This result is in accordance with the uncertainty avoidance characteristic of the society. However, the level of tolerance for ambiguity can partially explain the general risk-taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Thus, various research questions based on cultural approach need to be investigated on large sample, comparative studies

Kaynakça

  • Baron, R.A. (1998) “Cognitive Mechanisms in Entrepreneurship: Why and When Entrepreneurs Think Differently Than Other People’’, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4).
  • Begley, T.M., Boyd, D.P. (1987) “Psychological Characteristics Associated With Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms and Small Business’’, Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1) (Abstract).
  • Brochaus, R.H. (1980) “Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs”, Academy of Management Journal, 23(3).
  • Busenitz, L.W. ve Lau, C. (1996) “A Cross-cultural Cognitive Model of New Venture Creation”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(4).
  • Busenitz, L.W. (1999) “Entrepreneurial Risk and Strategic Decision Making”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 35(3).
  • Bygrave W. ve Minniti, M. (2000) “The Social Dynamics of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(3).
  • Camphell, C.A. (1992) “A Decision Theory Model For Entrepreneurial Acts”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1).
  • Chen, v.d. (1998) “Does Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Distinguish Entrepreneurs From Managers?”, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4).
  • Crow, G. (1998) “The Entrepreneurial Personality Building A Sustainable Future For Self and Profession”, Nursing Administration Quarterly, 22(2).
  • Das, T.K. ve Teng, B.S. (1997) “Time and Entrepreneurial Risk Behaviour”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22(2).
  • Erdem, F. (1996) ùûletme Kültürü, Fredrich-Nauman Vakfı Yayını, Ankara, 1996.
  • Eroİlu, F. (1998) Davranıû Bilimleri, Beta Yayını, ùstanbul.
  • Hofstede, H. (1991) Vivre Dans Une Monde Multiculturel, Les Editions D’Organisation, Paris.
  • Johnson, B.R. (1990) “Toward A Multidimensional Model of Entrepreneurship: The Case of Achievement Motivation and the Entrepreneur”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(3).
  • Kets de Vries, F.R. (1996) “The Anatomy of the Entrepreneur: Clinical Observations”, Human Relations, 49(7).
  • Kogan, N. ve Wallach, M.A. (1964) Risk Taking: A Study in Cognition And Personality, New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Kowert, P.A. ve Hermann, M.G. (1997) “ Who Takes Risks? Daring and Caution in Foreign Policy Making”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(5).
  • Kuratko ve Hodgetts, (1998) Entrepreneurship: A Contemporary Approach, Dryden Press, Orlando.
  • Lau, T. ve Chan, K.F. (1994) “The ùncident Method – Alternative Way of Studying Entrepreneurial Behaviour”, Irish Business and Administative Research, 15.
  • Littunen, H. (2000) “Entrepreneurship and the Caracteristics of the Entrepreneurial Personality”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 6(6).
  • McCarthy, B. ve Leavy, B. (1999) “The Entrepreneur, Risk Perception and Change Over Time: A Typology Approach”, Irish Business and Administative Research, 19/20(1).
  • McMaster, U. (1976) “Some Psychometric Correlates of Behaviour in India and Canada”, International Journal of Psychology, 11(1) (Abstract).
  • Minniti, M. ve Bygrave, W. (1999) “The Microfoundations of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4).
  • Morrison, A. (2000) “Entrepreneurship : What Triggers It?”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 6(2).
  • Mueller, SL., Thomas, AS. (2001) “Culture and Entrepreneurial Potential: A Nine Country Study of Locus Control and Innovativeness”, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1).
  • Palich L.E. ve Bagby, D.R. (1995) “Using Cognitive Theory to Explain Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking: Challenging Conventional Wisdom”, Journal of Business Venturing, 10(6).
  • Pendeliau, G. (1997) Le Profil du Createur d’Entreprise, L’Harmattan, Paris.
  • Pillis, E.G. (1998) “Achievement Got To Do With It? The Role Of National Culture in The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Achievement Motivation”, Working Paper, internet üzerinden.
  • Ray, D. (1994) “The Role of Risk Taking in Singapore”, Journal of Business Venturing, 9(2).
  • Sargut, S. (1994) Kültürlerarası Yönetim ve Farklılaûma, Verso Yayını, Ankara.
  • Scott, S. (1992) “Cultural Values and Championing Process”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4).
  • Shaver, K.G. ve Scott, L.R. (1991) “Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2).
  • Sitkin, S.B. ve Paolo, A.L. (1992) “Reconceptualizing The Determinants of Risk Behaviour”, Academy of Management Review, 17(1).
  • Sitkin, B.S. ve Weingart, L.R. (1995) “Determinants of Risky Decision-Making Behaviour: A Test Of The Mediating Role of Risk Perceptions and Propensity”, Academy of Management Review, 38(16).
  • Stewart, W ve Roth. P. (1992) “Risk Propensity Differences Between Entrepreneurs and Managers: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Working Paper (A.M. Spiro Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership), no: 99-101, internet üzerinden.
  • Teoh, H.Y. ve Foo, S.L. (1997) “Moderating Effects of Tolerance For Ambiguity and Risk-Taking Propensity on The Role Conflict- Perceived Performance Relationship: Evidence From Singaporean Entrepreneurs”, Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1).
  • Terpstra, R. V.d. (1993) “Cultural Influences On The Risk Taking Propensity of US And Hong Kong Managers”, International Journal of Management, 10(2).
  • Thompson, J.L. (1999) “A Strategic Perspective of Entrepreneurship”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 5(6).
  • Tiessen, J.H. (1997) “Individualism, Collectivism and Entrepreneurship: A Framework for International Comparative Research” Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5).
  • Varoİlu v.d. (2000) “Bilimsel Araûtırma Yöntemine Farklı Bir Bakıû: Analitik Düûünce – Bütünleûik Düûünce Modelleri ile Belirsizlikten Kaçınma ve Güç Mesafesi Araûtırması”, 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Nevûehir.
  • Wasti, A. (1995) “Kültürlerarası Farklılaûmanın Örgütsel Yapı ve Davranıûa Etkileri: Karûılaûtırmalı Bir ùnceleme”, ODTÜ Geliûme Dergisi, 22(4).
  • Williams, S. ve Narendan, S. (1999) “Determinants of Managerial Risk: Exploring Personality and Cultural Influences”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(1).
  • Yasin, M. (1996) “Entrepreneurial Effectiveness and Achievement in Arab Culture”, Journal of Business Research, 35(1)

A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS

Yıl 2001, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 43 - 62, 01.11.2001

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Baron, R.A. (1998) “Cognitive Mechanisms in Entrepreneurship: Why and When Entrepreneurs Think Differently Than Other People’’, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4).
  • Begley, T.M., Boyd, D.P. (1987) “Psychological Characteristics Associated With Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms and Small Business’’, Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1) (Abstract).
  • Brochaus, R.H. (1980) “Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs”, Academy of Management Journal, 23(3).
  • Busenitz, L.W. ve Lau, C. (1996) “A Cross-cultural Cognitive Model of New Venture Creation”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(4).
  • Busenitz, L.W. (1999) “Entrepreneurial Risk and Strategic Decision Making”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 35(3).
  • Bygrave W. ve Minniti, M. (2000) “The Social Dynamics of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(3).
  • Camphell, C.A. (1992) “A Decision Theory Model For Entrepreneurial Acts”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1).
  • Chen, v.d. (1998) “Does Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Distinguish Entrepreneurs From Managers?”, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4).
  • Crow, G. (1998) “The Entrepreneurial Personality Building A Sustainable Future For Self and Profession”, Nursing Administration Quarterly, 22(2).
  • Das, T.K. ve Teng, B.S. (1997) “Time and Entrepreneurial Risk Behaviour”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22(2).
  • Erdem, F. (1996) ùûletme Kültürü, Fredrich-Nauman Vakfı Yayını, Ankara, 1996.
  • Eroİlu, F. (1998) Davranıû Bilimleri, Beta Yayını, ùstanbul.
  • Hofstede, H. (1991) Vivre Dans Une Monde Multiculturel, Les Editions D’Organisation, Paris.
  • Johnson, B.R. (1990) “Toward A Multidimensional Model of Entrepreneurship: The Case of Achievement Motivation and the Entrepreneur”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(3).
  • Kets de Vries, F.R. (1996) “The Anatomy of the Entrepreneur: Clinical Observations”, Human Relations, 49(7).
  • Kogan, N. ve Wallach, M.A. (1964) Risk Taking: A Study in Cognition And Personality, New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Kowert, P.A. ve Hermann, M.G. (1997) “ Who Takes Risks? Daring and Caution in Foreign Policy Making”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(5).
  • Kuratko ve Hodgetts, (1998) Entrepreneurship: A Contemporary Approach, Dryden Press, Orlando.
  • Lau, T. ve Chan, K.F. (1994) “The ùncident Method – Alternative Way of Studying Entrepreneurial Behaviour”, Irish Business and Administative Research, 15.
  • Littunen, H. (2000) “Entrepreneurship and the Caracteristics of the Entrepreneurial Personality”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 6(6).
  • McCarthy, B. ve Leavy, B. (1999) “The Entrepreneur, Risk Perception and Change Over Time: A Typology Approach”, Irish Business and Administative Research, 19/20(1).
  • McMaster, U. (1976) “Some Psychometric Correlates of Behaviour in India and Canada”, International Journal of Psychology, 11(1) (Abstract).
  • Minniti, M. ve Bygrave, W. (1999) “The Microfoundations of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4).
  • Morrison, A. (2000) “Entrepreneurship : What Triggers It?”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 6(2).
  • Mueller, SL., Thomas, AS. (2001) “Culture and Entrepreneurial Potential: A Nine Country Study of Locus Control and Innovativeness”, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1).
  • Palich L.E. ve Bagby, D.R. (1995) “Using Cognitive Theory to Explain Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking: Challenging Conventional Wisdom”, Journal of Business Venturing, 10(6).
  • Pendeliau, G. (1997) Le Profil du Createur d’Entreprise, L’Harmattan, Paris.
  • Pillis, E.G. (1998) “Achievement Got To Do With It? The Role Of National Culture in The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Achievement Motivation”, Working Paper, internet üzerinden.
  • Ray, D. (1994) “The Role of Risk Taking in Singapore”, Journal of Business Venturing, 9(2).
  • Sargut, S. (1994) Kültürlerarası Yönetim ve Farklılaûma, Verso Yayını, Ankara.
  • Scott, S. (1992) “Cultural Values and Championing Process”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4).
  • Shaver, K.G. ve Scott, L.R. (1991) “Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2).
  • Sitkin, S.B. ve Paolo, A.L. (1992) “Reconceptualizing The Determinants of Risk Behaviour”, Academy of Management Review, 17(1).
  • Sitkin, B.S. ve Weingart, L.R. (1995) “Determinants of Risky Decision-Making Behaviour: A Test Of The Mediating Role of Risk Perceptions and Propensity”, Academy of Management Review, 38(16).
  • Stewart, W ve Roth. P. (1992) “Risk Propensity Differences Between Entrepreneurs and Managers: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Working Paper (A.M. Spiro Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership), no: 99-101, internet üzerinden.
  • Teoh, H.Y. ve Foo, S.L. (1997) “Moderating Effects of Tolerance For Ambiguity and Risk-Taking Propensity on The Role Conflict- Perceived Performance Relationship: Evidence From Singaporean Entrepreneurs”, Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1).
  • Terpstra, R. V.d. (1993) “Cultural Influences On The Risk Taking Propensity of US And Hong Kong Managers”, International Journal of Management, 10(2).
  • Thompson, J.L. (1999) “A Strategic Perspective of Entrepreneurship”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 5(6).
  • Tiessen, J.H. (1997) “Individualism, Collectivism and Entrepreneurship: A Framework for International Comparative Research” Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5).
  • Varoİlu v.d. (2000) “Bilimsel Araûtırma Yöntemine Farklı Bir Bakıû: Analitik Düûünce – Bütünleûik Düûünce Modelleri ile Belirsizlikten Kaçınma ve Güç Mesafesi Araûtırması”, 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Nevûehir.
  • Wasti, A. (1995) “Kültürlerarası Farklılaûmanın Örgütsel Yapı ve Davranıûa Etkileri: Karûılaûtırmalı Bir ùnceleme”, ODTÜ Geliûme Dergisi, 22(4).
  • Williams, S. ve Narendan, S. (1999) “Determinants of Managerial Risk: Exploring Personality and Cultural Influences”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(1).
  • Yasin, M. (1996) “Entrepreneurial Effectiveness and Achievement in Arab Culture”, Journal of Business Research, 35(1)
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ferda Erdem Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2001
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2001 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdem, F. (2001). A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), 43-62.
AMA Erdem F. A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. Kasım 2001;1(2):43-62.
Chicago Erdem, Ferda. “A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 1, sy. 2 (Kasım 2001): 43-62.
EndNote Erdem F (01 Kasım 2001) A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 1 2 43–62.
IEEE F. Erdem, “A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 43–62, 2001.
ISNAD Erdem, Ferda. “A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 1/2 (Kasım 2001), 43-62.
JAMA Erdem F. A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2001;1:43–62.
MLA Erdem, Ferda. “A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, 2001, ss. 43-62.
Vancouver Erdem F. A CULTURAL APPROACH TOWARDS RISK PROPENSITY AND TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY OF ENTREPRENEURS. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2001;1(2):43-62.
Dizinler

143751437114372      14373