Mezarlık Ekosistemlerinin Kentsel Isı Adaları Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Dini inanışlar gereği özel ilgi gösterilerek korunan mezarlıklar, sahip oldukları ekolojik özellikleri sebebiyle özellikle kentlerde ekosistemlerin düzenleyici servislerine katkı sağlarlar. Küresel iklim değişikliği kapsamında, bulundukları bölgenin mikro-iklimsel özelliklerini destekleyerek hava ve yüzey sıcaklıklarının dengelenmesine olanak sağlarlar. Kırsal alanlara göre daha yoğun sıcaklıkların hissedildiği kentlerde, mezarlıkların bu sıcaklık değerleri üzerindeki etkisinin sayısal değerlerle ortaya konulması çalışmanın motivasyonunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya’daki bazı kentsel mezarlıkların arazi yüzey sıcaklığı üzerindeki azaltıcı etkisi uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile somut olarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, güncel ve açık erişimde olan Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Görüntülere atmosferik düzeltme ön işlemleri uygulandıktan sonra ilgili mezarlıkların bitki indexi NDVI ile belirlenmiştir. Ardından arazi yüzey sıcaklığını belirlemek üzere 6 aşamalı arazi yüzey sıcaklığı (LST) algoritması uygulanmıştır. Oluşturulan NDVI ve LST görüntüleri üzerinden ArcGIS kullanılarak enine ve boyuna kesitler alınmış, bu kesit çizgisi üzerindeki her bir pixelin NDVI ve LST değerleri otomatik olarak belirlenerek karşılaştırılmış ve fark grafikleri oluşturulmuştur, doğruluk analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, yoğun bitki örtüsüne sahip mezarlıkların arazi yüzey sıcaklıkları ile yakın çevresi arasında yaklaşık 3.42°C fark olduğunu, daha düşük bitki yoğunluklu mezarlıklarda ise bu farkın azaldığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada, Andızlı Mezarlığının çevresini soğutma etkisi 0.44°C, Uncalı Mezarlığının 0.33°C ve Kurşunlu mezarlığının ise 0.30°C olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel ısı adası
• Arazi yüzey sıcaklığı
• Vejetasyon indeksi
• Mezarlık ekosistemi
• Uzaktan algılama

EFFECTS OF CEMETERY ECOSYSTEMS ON URBAN HEAT ISLANDS

Öz

Cemeteries, which are protected with special attention due to religious beliefs, contribute to the regulatory services of ecosystems, especially in cities, due to their ecological characteristics. Cemeteries, within the scope of global climate change, enable the balancing of air and surface temperatures by supporting the micro-climatic characteristics of the region they are located in. In cities where temperatures are more intense than in rural areas, the motivation of the study is to reveal the effect of cemeteries on these temperature values with numerical data. In this study, the reducing effect of some urban cemeteries in Antalya on land surface temperature was tried to be determined concretely by remote sensing and geographic information systems. For this purpose, up-to-date and open access Landsat 8 satellite images were used. After atmospheric correction pre-treatment was applied to the images, the vegetation index of the relevant cemeteries was determined by NDVI. Then, a 6-stage land surface temperature (LST) algorithm was applied to determine the land surface temperature. Cross-sections were taken from the created NDVI and LST images using ArcGIS, the NDVI and LST values of each pixel on this section line were automatically determined and compared, and difference graphs were created, and accuracy analyses were performed. The results obtained show that there is a difference of approximately 3.42°C between the land surface temperatures of the cemeteries with dense vegetation and their immediate surroundings, and this difference decreases in the cemeteries with sparse vegetation. In addition, it was concluded in the study that the cooling effect of the Andızlı Cemetery was 0.44°C, the Uncalı Cemetery was 0.33°C, and the Kurşunlu Cemetery was 0.30°C.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban heat island
• Land surface temperature
• Vegetation index
• Cemetery ecosystem
• Remote sensing

Kaynakça

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