The Contribution of Urban Design to the Well-Being of Society and Active Living

Öz

Urban design is the process of creating and influencing the tangible environment such as land use, transportation, and the built environment in urban areas. A well-structured urban environment has the opportunity to promote active living, a lifestyle that incorporates movement into the daily routine, can increase physical activity, and is beneficial to public health. However, urbanization has led to an increase in built environments that are unsuitable for active living or socialization, leading to negative effects on public health. In response, government officials, architects, urban designers and officials are exploring urban design solutions that promote environmentally friendly growth and social well-being. The impact of urban design on the concrete environment of cities cannot be underestimated. In addition to designing buildings and transportation, urban design shapes public spaces that facilitate social interaction, promote healthy living, and improve the well-being of the entire community. Urban design contributes to building environments that promote community health and facilitate an active lifestyle. This article aims to critically evaluate the impact of urban design on social well-being and active living.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban design
• Physical and spiritual well-being
• Public green spaces

Kentsel Tasarımın Toplumun Refahına ve Aktif Yaşamaya Katkıları

Öz

Kentsel tasarım, kentsel alanlarda arazi kullanımı, ulaşım ve yapılı çevre gibi somut çevreyi yaratma ve etkileme sürecidir. İyi yapılandırılmış bir kentsel çevre, hareketi günlük rutinin içerisine dâhil eden, fiziksel aktiviteyi artırabilen ve toplum sağlığına faydalı bir yaşam tarzı olan aktif yaşamı teşvik etme şansına sahiptir. Ancak kentleşme, aktif yaşama veya sosyalleşmeye uygun olmayan yapılı çevrelerin artmasına neden olmuş, bu da halk sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açmıştır. Buna karşılık yönetimdeki kişiler, mimarlar, kentsel tasarımcılar ve yetkililer, çevre dostu büyümeyi ve sosyal refahı teşvik eden kentsel tasarım çözümlerini araştırmaktadır. Kentsel tasarımın şehirlerin somut çevresi üzerindeki etkisi küçümsenemez. Kentsel tasarım, binaları ve ulaşımı tasarlamanın yanı sıra, sosyal etkileşimi kolaylaştıran, sağlıklı yaşamı teşvik eden ve tüm toplumun refahını artıran kamusal alanları şekillendirir. Kentsel tasarım, toplum sağlığını teşvik eden ve aktif bir yaşam tarzını kolaylaştıran ortamlar inşa etmeye katkı sağlar. Bu makale kentsel tasarımın toplumsal refah ve aktif yaşam üzerindeki etkisini eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel tasarım
• Fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlık
• Kamusal yeşil alanlar

Kaynakça

1. Abraham, A., Sommerhalder, K., Abel, T., 2010. Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. Int. J. Public Health 55: 59 – 69. DOI 10.1007/s00038-009-0069-z
2. Burke, N. M., Chomitz, V. R., Rioles, N. A., Winslow, S. P., Brukilacchio, L. B., & Baker, J. C., 2009. The path to active living: physical activity through community design in Somerville, Massachusetts. Am. J. Prev. Med. 37, Issue 6, Supplement 2: 386 – 394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.010
3. Carlson, S. A., Guide, R., Schmid, T. L., Moore, L. V., Barradas, D. T., & Fulton, J. E., 2011. Public support for street-scale urban design practices and policies to increase physical activity. J. Phys. Act. Health 8, Supplement 1: 125 – 134. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.s1.s125
4. Chow, B. C., McKenzie, T. L., & Sit, C. H., 2016. Public Parks in Hong Kong: Characteristics of Physical Activity Areas and Their Users. Int J Environ. Res. Public Health, 13, 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070639
5. Dobson, N. G., & Gilroy, A. R., 2009. From partnership to policy: the evolution of Active Living by Design in Portland, Oregon. Am. J. Prev. Med., Volume 37, Issue 6, Supplement 2: 436 – 444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.008
6. Godbey, G. C., Caldwell, L. L., Floyd, M., & Payne, L. L., 2005. Contributions of leisure studies and recreation and park management research to the active living agenda. Am. J. Prev. Med., Volume 28, Issue 2, Supplement 2: 150 – 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.027
7. Hunter, R., F., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Fabian, C., Murphy, N., O'Hara, K., Rappe, E., Sallis, J., F., Lambert, E. V., Duenas, O., L. S., Sugiyama, T., Kahlmeier, S., 2023. Advancing urban green and blue space contributions to public health. The Lancet Public Health, Volume 8, Issue 9: 735–742. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00156-1
8. Li, J., Huang, Z., Zhu, Z., Ding, G., 2024. Coexistence Perspectives: Exploring the impact of landscape features on aesthetic and recreational values in urban parks. Ecological Indicators 162, 112043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112043

9. Luka, N., 2023. Walking beyond the city? On the importance of recreational mobilities for landscape planning, urban design, and public policy. Mobilities, 18: 5, 789 – 804. DOI: 10.1080/17450101.2023.2242001
10. Nguyen, P. Y., Astell-Burt, T., Rahimi-Ardabili, H., & Feng, X., 2021. Green Space Quality and Health: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18 (21), 11028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111028
11. Sunita, D., K., Shekhar, S., Shekhar, S, 2023. Evaluating urban green and blue spaces with space-based multi-sensor datasets for sustainable development. Computational Urban Science 3:12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-023-00091-0
12. Tate, C., Wang, R., Akaraci, S., Burns, C., Garcia, L., Clarke, M., Hunter, R., 2024. The contribution of urban green and blue spaces to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals: An evidence gap map. Cities, Volume 145, 104706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104706
13. Vegaraju, A., Amiri, S., 2024. Urban green and blue spaces and general and mental health among older adults in Washington state: Analysis of BRFSS data between 2011-2019. Health & Place 85 (7), 103148. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103148
14. Weijs-Perrée, M., Dane, G., & Van den Berg, P., 2021. Editorial for the Special Issue on Experiencing the City: The Relation between Urban Design and People's Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052485
15. Wikipedia, 2024. Active design - Wikipedia
16. World Health Organization, 2024. Retrieved from Physical activity (who.int)
17. Zhang, F., Qian, H., 2024. A comprehensive review of the environmental benefits of urban green spaces. Environmental Research, Volume 252, Part 2, 118837. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118837
18. Zhang, X., Wang, X., Du, S., Tian, S., Jia, A., Ye, Y., Gao, N., Kuang, X., Shi, X., 2024. A systematic review of urban form generation and optimization for performance-driven urban design. Building and Environment, Volume 253, 111269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111269