Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Mavi Akım’dan Türk Akım’a Türkiye’nin Rusya’ya Enerji Bağımlılığının Bir Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 79 - 90, 30.06.2018

Öz

Özet

Türkiye, Rusya’dan doğalgaz satın alımına Soğuk Savaş’tan önce başlayıp daha sonraki on yıllar için önemli

bir ilişkinin tohumlarını atmıştır. Mavi Akım Projesinin inşası Moskova’nın Türkiye için ana tedarikçi konumunu

sağlamlaştıran bir dönüm noktasıdır. Rusya’nın bu hakimiyetinin hafifletilmesi için gösterilen çabalara rağmen

Gazprom Türkiye’nin toplam tüketiminin yarısından fazlasını kontrol etmektedir. Rusya ve Türkiye’yi doğrudan

bağlayacak Türk Akım boru hattı bu koşullarda sürdürülmektedir ve sadece Türk tüketicilerini hedeflemekle

kalmayıp Avrupa’ya transit ulaşma imkanı sağlayabilecektir. Mavi Akım hattı anlaşmasının imzalanmasından

yirmi yıl sonra, bu iki projenin karşılaştırması Ankara’nın Rusya’ya olan enerji bağımlılığını anlaşılması için

aydınlatıcı olabilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Aslund, A. (1998). Russia’s Financial Crisis: Causes and Possible Remedies. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 6, 309-328.
  • Austvik, O. G., & Rzayeva, G. (2016). Turkey in the Geopolitics of Natural Gas. Boston: M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series.
  • Babalı, T. (2009). Turkey, Present and Past: Turkey at the Energy Crossroads. Middle East Quarterly, 16(2), 25-33.
  • Bacik, G. (2001). The Blue Stream project, energy co-operation and conflicting interests. Turkish Studies, 2(2), 85-93.
  • Balat, M. (2010). Security of Energy Supply in Turkey: Challenges and Solution, Energy Conversion and Management, 51(10), 1998-2011
  • Baran, Z. (2007). EU energy security: time to end Russian leverage. Washington Quarterly, 30(4), 131-144.
  • Belkin, P., Nichol, J., & Woehrel, S. (2013). Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification. Washington DC: Congressional Research Service.
  • Bilgin, M. (2010). Turkey’s Energy Strategy: What Difference Does it Make to Become an Energy Transit Corridor, Hub or Center? UNISCI Discussion Papers.
  • Bilgin, M. (2015). Turkey’s Energy Strategy: Synchronizing Geopolitics and Foreign Policy with Energy Security. Insight Turkey, 17(2), 57-65.
  • Cornell, S. E. (1998). Turkey and the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh: a Delicate Balance. Middle Eastern Studies, 34(1), 51-72.
  • Çalış, Ş. (2001). Turkey’s Balkan Policy in the Early 1990s. Turkish Studies, 2(1), 135-146.
  • David, G. V., Jaffe, A. M., & Hayes, M. H. (2006). Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Goldthau, A., & Sitter, N. (2015). Soft Power with a Hard Edge: EU Policy Tools and Energy Security. Review of International Political Economy, 22(5), 941-965.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (2015). Back to Enmity: Turkey-Syria relations since the Syrian Uprising. Orient, Journal of German Orient Institute, 56(1), 14-22.
  • Kalicki, J. H. (2001). Caspian Energy at the Crossroads. Foreign Affairs, 80(5), 120-134.
  • Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2001). Turkey’s Objectives in the Caspian Region. International Affairs, 54(1), 203.
  • Kruyt, B., van Vuuren, D. P., de Vries, H.J.M. and Groenenberg, H. (2009). Indicators for energy security. Energy Policy, 37 (6): 2166-2181.
  • Nuttall, William J. and Manz, Devon L. (2008). A new energy security paradigm for the twenty-first century. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(8): 1247–1259.
  • Oktav, Ö. Z. (2005). American Policies towards the Caspian Sea and the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline. Perceptions (Spring Issue), 17-34.
  • Paillard, C.-A. (2010). Russia and Europe’s Mutual Energy Dependence. Journal of International Affairs, 63(2), 65-84.
  • Quirk, P. W. (2017). Russia–Syria Internal Threat Alliance (2010–2016). in P. W. Quirk ed. Great Powers, Weak States, and Insurgency (p. 179-213). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ritz, R. A. (2018). A Strategic Perspective on Competition between Pipeline Gas and LNG. Cambridge: Energy Policy Research Group.
  • Rutland, P. (2008). Russia as an Energy Superpower. New Political Economy, 13(2), 203-210.
  • Schaffer, B. (2005). From Pipedream to Pipeline: a Caspian Success Story. Current History, 104(684), 343-346.
  • Schubert, S. R., Pollak, J., & Brutshin, E. (2014). Two Futures: EU-Russia Relations in the Context of Ukraine. European Journal of Futures research, 2, 52.
  • Vygon, G., Ermakov, V., Belova, M., & Kolbikova, E. (2015). Turkish Stream: Scenarios of Bypassing Ukraine and Barriers of European Commission. Moscow: Vygon Consulting.
  • Winrow, G. (2004). Turkey and the East‐West Gas Transportation Corridor. Turkish Studies, 5(2), 23-42.
  • Winrow, G. M. (2013). The Southern Gas Corridor and Turkey’s Role as an Energy Transit State and Energy Hub. Insight Turkey, 15(1), 145-163.
  • Yafimava, K. (2015). European Energy Security and the Role of Russian Gas: Assessing the Feasibility and the Rationale of Reducing Dependence. Milan: Istituto Affari Internazionali.
  • Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring Energy Security. Foreign Affairs. 85 (2): 69-82.

From Blue Stream To Turkish Stream An Assesment Of Turkey’s Energy Dependence On Russia

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 79 - 90, 30.06.2018

Öz

Abstract

Turkey started imports of natural gas from Russia before the Cold War ended, establishing the basis of an

important relationship for decades to come. Construction of Blue Stream pipeline was a major landmark after

which Moscow consolidated its position as the major supplier for Turkish market. Despite efforts to dilute

Russia’s dominance in natural gas imports, Gazprom still controls more than half of Turkey’s total consumption

today. Turkish Stream pipeline, that will directly link Russia with Turkey, is being constructed under these

circumstances even though the project does not solely target Turkish consumers but aims to reach European

market in transit from Turkey. Two decades after the signing of Blue Stream contract, a comparison between

those projects may explain how Ankara has fared with its energy dependence on Russia.

Kaynakça

  • Aslund, A. (1998). Russia’s Financial Crisis: Causes and Possible Remedies. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 6, 309-328.
  • Austvik, O. G., & Rzayeva, G. (2016). Turkey in the Geopolitics of Natural Gas. Boston: M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series.
  • Babalı, T. (2009). Turkey, Present and Past: Turkey at the Energy Crossroads. Middle East Quarterly, 16(2), 25-33.
  • Bacik, G. (2001). The Blue Stream project, energy co-operation and conflicting interests. Turkish Studies, 2(2), 85-93.
  • Balat, M. (2010). Security of Energy Supply in Turkey: Challenges and Solution, Energy Conversion and Management, 51(10), 1998-2011
  • Baran, Z. (2007). EU energy security: time to end Russian leverage. Washington Quarterly, 30(4), 131-144.
  • Belkin, P., Nichol, J., & Woehrel, S. (2013). Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification. Washington DC: Congressional Research Service.
  • Bilgin, M. (2010). Turkey’s Energy Strategy: What Difference Does it Make to Become an Energy Transit Corridor, Hub or Center? UNISCI Discussion Papers.
  • Bilgin, M. (2015). Turkey’s Energy Strategy: Synchronizing Geopolitics and Foreign Policy with Energy Security. Insight Turkey, 17(2), 57-65.
  • Cornell, S. E. (1998). Turkey and the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh: a Delicate Balance. Middle Eastern Studies, 34(1), 51-72.
  • Çalış, Ş. (2001). Turkey’s Balkan Policy in the Early 1990s. Turkish Studies, 2(1), 135-146.
  • David, G. V., Jaffe, A. M., & Hayes, M. H. (2006). Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Goldthau, A., & Sitter, N. (2015). Soft Power with a Hard Edge: EU Policy Tools and Energy Security. Review of International Political Economy, 22(5), 941-965.
  • Hinnebusch, R. (2015). Back to Enmity: Turkey-Syria relations since the Syrian Uprising. Orient, Journal of German Orient Institute, 56(1), 14-22.
  • Kalicki, J. H. (2001). Caspian Energy at the Crossroads. Foreign Affairs, 80(5), 120-134.
  • Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2001). Turkey’s Objectives in the Caspian Region. International Affairs, 54(1), 203.
  • Kruyt, B., van Vuuren, D. P., de Vries, H.J.M. and Groenenberg, H. (2009). Indicators for energy security. Energy Policy, 37 (6): 2166-2181.
  • Nuttall, William J. and Manz, Devon L. (2008). A new energy security paradigm for the twenty-first century. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(8): 1247–1259.
  • Oktav, Ö. Z. (2005). American Policies towards the Caspian Sea and the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline. Perceptions (Spring Issue), 17-34.
  • Paillard, C.-A. (2010). Russia and Europe’s Mutual Energy Dependence. Journal of International Affairs, 63(2), 65-84.
  • Quirk, P. W. (2017). Russia–Syria Internal Threat Alliance (2010–2016). in P. W. Quirk ed. Great Powers, Weak States, and Insurgency (p. 179-213). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ritz, R. A. (2018). A Strategic Perspective on Competition between Pipeline Gas and LNG. Cambridge: Energy Policy Research Group.
  • Rutland, P. (2008). Russia as an Energy Superpower. New Political Economy, 13(2), 203-210.
  • Schaffer, B. (2005). From Pipedream to Pipeline: a Caspian Success Story. Current History, 104(684), 343-346.
  • Schubert, S. R., Pollak, J., & Brutshin, E. (2014). Two Futures: EU-Russia Relations in the Context of Ukraine. European Journal of Futures research, 2, 52.
  • Vygon, G., Ermakov, V., Belova, M., & Kolbikova, E. (2015). Turkish Stream: Scenarios of Bypassing Ukraine and Barriers of European Commission. Moscow: Vygon Consulting.
  • Winrow, G. (2004). Turkey and the East‐West Gas Transportation Corridor. Turkish Studies, 5(2), 23-42.
  • Winrow, G. M. (2013). The Southern Gas Corridor and Turkey’s Role as an Energy Transit State and Energy Hub. Insight Turkey, 15(1), 145-163.
  • Yafimava, K. (2015). European Energy Security and the Role of Russian Gas: Assessing the Feasibility and the Rationale of Reducing Dependence. Milan: Istituto Affari Internazionali.
  • Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring Energy Security. Foreign Affairs. 85 (2): 69-82.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bahadır Kaynak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaynak, B. (2018). From Blue Stream To Turkish Stream An Assesment Of Turkey’s Energy Dependence On Russia. Aurum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1), 79-90.