Yapabilirlikler Yaklaşımı ve Değerli Yapabilirliklerin Tanımlanması Sorunsalı Yanlış Bilinç Mi, Yapısal Eşitsizlikler Mi?

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 9 - 24, 15.11.2016

Dr. M. Onur Arun

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417418

Öz

Yapabilirlikler yaklaşımı kalkınma ekonomisi, yoksulluk, sosyal seçim kuramı ve sosyal adalet konularında şu ana kadar cevap verilmemiş birçok soruya cevap veren yeni bir yaklaşımdır. Sen ve Nussbaum tarafından geliştirilmiş bir yaklaşım olarak, adil toplumun farklı iyi hayat tanımına sahip bireylerin değer verdiklerini gerçekleştirebildikleri toplum olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Gelecek vadeden bir yaklaşım olmasına rağmen, hangi insan işlevlerin değerli yapabilirlikler olarak tanımlanması gerektiği gibi, kimi konularda muğlaklıklar barındırmaktadır. Bu tartışma içerisinde, Sen değerli işlevlerin bağlamsal olduğunu iddia ederek bireylerin kendileri tarafından tanımlanması gerektiği söylerken; Nussbaum, bireylerin tercihlerinin sosyal yapı tarafından şekillendirildiğine ve dolayısıyla dışarıdan bir gözle tanımlanması gerektiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu çalışma, bir alan araştırmasına dayanarak, bireylerin kendi dezavantajlı koşulları üzerine karmaşık değerlendirmelerde bulunabildiklerini iddia etmektedir. Bu sebeple, Nussbaum’un paternalist ve modernist iddiasına karşı, bireylerin nelere değer verdiklerini göz ardı etmek yerine, daha fazla sosyolojik, antropolojik ve etnografik alan araştırmasıyla, onların değerlemesini etkileyen bağlamsal sınırlılıklara odaklanmayı önermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapabilirlik Yaklaşımı, Sen

Kaynakça

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