Nasıl Daha İyi Olabilir? Turizm İş Gücündeki Güvencesizleşmeye Çözüm Arayışları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 1915 - 1938, 23.12.2024

Barış Çıvak

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1509207

Öz

Turizm sektöründe işletmeler kısa dönemde karlarını artırmak ve en önemli maliyet kaynağı olan insan kaynaklarından tasarruf etmek için yarı zamanlı, geçici ve mevsimlik çalışma biçimlerini devreye soktu. Bu da sektörde güvencesiz bir işçi sınıfının oluşmasına neden oldu. Ortaya çıkan bu güvencesizlik sorununa karşı nasıl mücadele edileceği sorusu hala ortada durmaktadır. Güvencesiz çalışmaya karşı mücadele stratejileri hem iş ve istihdam alanında çalışan akademisyenler hem de işçi örgütleri için temel bir odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, turizm endüstrisinde güvencesizleşme sorununu ve sonuçlarını ortaya koyarak çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Güvencesizlik konusunda yapılan bir çok çalışma olmasına karşın, turizm alanında bu sorunların çözümüne odaklanan çalışmaların eksikliği dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışma bu boşluğu işaret ederek çözüm önerilerini sıralamaktadır. Çalışmada anlatı literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiş ve Google Scholar veri tabanı kullanılmıştır. “Güvencesiz iş”, “güvencesiz istihdam”, “güvencesiz yaşam”, “güvencesizleşme”, “güvencesizlik” kavramları taranmış sonrasında “turizm”, “ağırlama”, “servis” kavramları birlikte taranmıştır. Çalışmanın iki temel sonucu bulunmaktadır. (1) Turizm sektöründe güvencesiz çalışma biçimleri ve yarattığı ortam. (2) Güvencesiz ve olumsuz çalışma koşullarını ortadan kaldıracak çözüm önerileri. Bu açıdan çalışmanın literatüre ve turizm çalışanlarının haklarının korunmasına katkı sağlaması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvencesiz Çalışma, Güvencesizleşme, Sosyal Sınıf, Neo-Liberalizm, Turizm Sektörü

How Could It Be Better? Seeking Solutions to the Precarization in the Tourism Workforce

Öz

In the tourism industry, businesses have introduced part-time, temporary, and seasonal work arrangements to increase their short-term profits and save on human resources, which are the most significant cost factor. This has led to the formation of a precarious working class in tourism. The question of how to struggle with this emerging problem of precariousness remains unanswered. Strategies to fight against precarious work have become a central focus for academics working in labor and employment and labor organizations. This study aims to reveal the problem of precariousness in the tourism industry and its consequences and offer suggestions. Although there are many studies on the issue of precariousness, there is a noticeable lack of studies focusing on solving these problems in the tourism field. This study addresses this gap by presenting proposed solutions. In the study, a narrative literature review was conducted and a Google Scholar database was used. The concepts of “precarious work”, “precarious employment”, “precarious life”, “precarization”, and “precariousness” were searched and then the concepts of “tourism”, “hospitality”, and “service” were searched together. The study has two main results: (1) The forms of precarious work in the tourism industry and the consequences it creates, and (2) solution proposals to eliminate precarious and adverse working conditions. In this respect, the study aims to contribute to the literature and protect tourism workers' rights.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Precarious Work, Precarization, Social Class, Neoliberalism, Tourism Industry

Kaynakça

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