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Emperyalist Yankılar: Rupert Brooke’un “Asker” Adlı Eserinin Postkolonyal Bir Eleştirisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 1939 - 1952, 23.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1513625

Öz

Bu çalışma, Rupert Brooke’un Birinci Dünya Savaşı şiiri “The Soldier” (“Asker”) (1914) üzerine postkolonyal bir eleştiri sunarak, şiirin alt metinlerinde yer alan emperyalist ideolojileri ifşa etmektir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başında yazılmış olan şiir, vatansever coşkuyu simgelemekte ve ülke için ölmeyi yüceltmektedir. Ancak, postkolonyal bir bakış açısıyla, şiir Brooke’un döneminde hüküm süren sömürgeci zihniyetin bir yansıması olarak yorumlanabilir. Yabancı bir toprağın sonsuza dek İngiltere olabileceği iddiası, İngiliz emperyalizminin içsel sömürgeci iddialarını ve kültürel üstünlüğünü gözler önüne sermektedir. Brooke’un İngiltere’yi idealize etmesi ve askerin ölümünü İngiliz cenneti altında bir fedakârlık olarak tasvir etmesi, sömürgeci genişlemeyi ve savaşı ahlaki olarak haklı çıkarmaya hizmet etmektedir. Bu bakış açısı, sömürgeleştirilen halkların varlığını ve deneyimlerini göz ardı ederek onları Britanya kahramanlığının arka planı olarak küçültmektedir. Ayrıca, şairin İngiltere’nin çiçekleri, havası ve nehirleri gibi içsel erdemlerine yaptığı vurgu, kültürel hegemonya anlatısını pekiştirmektedir. Şiir, yalnızca İngiliz askerinin İngiltere’ye olan bağlılığına odaklanarak ve İngilizlik duygusunu yücelterek, sömürgeciliğin acımasız gerçeklerini ve etik yönlerini ihmal etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Rupert Brooke’un “Asker” adlı eserinde İngilizliği ve fedakârlığı yüceltmek için vatansever idealizmi kullandığını ve bunun postkolonyal bir perspektifle değerlendirildiğinde, İngiliz sömürgeciliğinin emperyalist ideolojilerini ve kültürel hegemonyasını meşrulaştırdığını savunmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Bloom, H. (2003). Poets of World War I: Rupert Brooke & Siegfried Sassoon. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Boyle, D. (2015). Rupert Brooke: England’s last patriot. London: Endeavour Press.
  • Brooke, R. (2012). The Soldier. In S. Greenblatt & M. H. Abrams, The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Vol. 2 (p. 2019, Original work published 1914). New York & London: WW Norton & Company.
  • Caesar, A. (1993). Taking it like a man: suffering, sexuality, and the war poets: Brooke, Sassoon, Owen, Graves. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. (R. Philcox, Trans., Original work published 1961). New York: Grove Press.
  • Fussel, P. (1975). The Great War and modern memory. New York & London: Oxford University Press.
  • Hühn, P. (2016). Facing loss and death: narrative and eventfulness in lyric poetry (Vol. 55). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Johnston, J. H. (1964). English poetry of the First World War: A study in the evolution of lyric and narrative form. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Mayhew, A. (2024). Making sense of the Great War: Crisis, Englishness, and Morale on the Western Front. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • McLennan, G. (2006). Sociological cultural studies: Reflexivity and positivity in the human sciences. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Miller, A. (2017). Rupert Brooke in the First World War. Clemson: Clemson University Press.
  • Ramazani, J., & Stallworthy, J. (2012). Voices from World War I. In S. Greenblatt & M. H. Abrams (Eds.), The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Vol. 2 (pp. 2016-2018). New York & London: WW Norton & Company.
  • Reisman, R. M. C. (2012). Critical Survey of Poetry: War Poets. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Salem Press.
  • Stallworthy, J. (1990). Who was Rupert Brooke? Critical Survey, 2(2), 185-193. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41555527
  • Ruzich, C. M. (2021). Introduction. In C. M. Ruzich (Ed.) International Poetry of the First World War: An Anthology of Lost Voices (pp. 1-16). London & New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Said, E. W. (1993). Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage.
  • Silkin, J. (1998). Out of battle: The poetry of the Great War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Walter, G. (Ed.). (2006). The Penguin Book of First World War Poetry. London: Penguin UK.

Imperial Echoes: A Postcolonial Critique of Rupert Brooke’s “The Soldier”

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 1939 - 1952, 23.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1513625

Öz

This article provides a postcolonial critique of Rupert Brooke’s First World War poem “The Soldier” (1914), revealing the underlying imperialist ideologies embedded in the poem. Written at the beginning of the First World War, the poem epitomises patriotic enthusiasm and glorifies the idea of dying for one’s country. However, from a postcolonial perspective, the poem can be interpreted as a reflection of the colonial mindset that prevailed during Brooke’s time. The assertion that a piece of foreign land could forever be England illustrates the colonial pretensions and cultural superiority inherent in British imperialism. Brooke’s idealisation of England and the depiction of the soldier’s death as a sacrifice under the English heaven serve to morally justify colonial expansion and warfare. This perspective ignores the presence and experiences of the colonised peoples, reducing them to mere backdrops for British heroism. Furthermore, the poet’s emphasis on England’s inherent virtues such as flowers, air and rivers points to a narrative of cultural hegemony. By focusing exclusively on the British soldier’s allegiance to England and glorifying the sense of Englishness, the poem neglects the brutal realities and ethical aspects of colonialism. This study therefore argues that Rupert Brooke’s “The Soldier” employs patriotic idealism to glorify Englishness and sacrifice, which, from a postcolonial perspective, legitimizes the imperialist ideologies and cultural hegemony of British colonialism.

Kaynakça

  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Bloom, H. (2003). Poets of World War I: Rupert Brooke & Siegfried Sassoon. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Boyle, D. (2015). Rupert Brooke: England’s last patriot. London: Endeavour Press.
  • Brooke, R. (2012). The Soldier. In S. Greenblatt & M. H. Abrams, The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Vol. 2 (p. 2019, Original work published 1914). New York & London: WW Norton & Company.
  • Caesar, A. (1993). Taking it like a man: suffering, sexuality, and the war poets: Brooke, Sassoon, Owen, Graves. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. (R. Philcox, Trans., Original work published 1961). New York: Grove Press.
  • Fussel, P. (1975). The Great War and modern memory. New York & London: Oxford University Press.
  • Hühn, P. (2016). Facing loss and death: narrative and eventfulness in lyric poetry (Vol. 55). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Johnston, J. H. (1964). English poetry of the First World War: A study in the evolution of lyric and narrative form. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Mayhew, A. (2024). Making sense of the Great War: Crisis, Englishness, and Morale on the Western Front. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • McLennan, G. (2006). Sociological cultural studies: Reflexivity and positivity in the human sciences. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Miller, A. (2017). Rupert Brooke in the First World War. Clemson: Clemson University Press.
  • Ramazani, J., & Stallworthy, J. (2012). Voices from World War I. In S. Greenblatt & M. H. Abrams (Eds.), The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Vol. 2 (pp. 2016-2018). New York & London: WW Norton & Company.
  • Reisman, R. M. C. (2012). Critical Survey of Poetry: War Poets. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Salem Press.
  • Stallworthy, J. (1990). Who was Rupert Brooke? Critical Survey, 2(2), 185-193. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41555527
  • Ruzich, C. M. (2021). Introduction. In C. M. Ruzich (Ed.) International Poetry of the First World War: An Anthology of Lost Voices (pp. 1-16). London & New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Said, E. W. (1993). Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage.
  • Silkin, J. (1998). Out of battle: The poetry of the Great War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Walter, G. (Ed.). (2006). The Penguin Book of First World War Poetry. London: Penguin UK.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Postkolonyal Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yakut Akbay 0000-0003-1557-232X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbay, Y. (2024). Imperial Echoes: A Postcolonial Critique of Rupert Brooke’s “The Soldier”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 1939-1952. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1513625