A Review of Empirical Research on Vertical Mismatch and Field of Study Mismatch in Turkey and Additional Evidence from Their Overlapping Mismatch.

Öz

The aim of this paper is two folds. First, we perform a review of empirical research that report the vertical mismatch and/or field of study mismatch in Turkey. Second, we provide additional evidence from two perspectives which are (i) change in vertical mismatch and field of study mismatch over time and (ii) their overlapping mismatch. Using dataset from Turkish Statistical Institute labor force surveys, we conduct our analyses for two separate target groups, namely vocational and technical high schools and higher education. The main findings are as follows: The incidence of both vertical and field of study mismatch is higher for vocational and technical high schools. Both mismatches increased over time for both target groups. More notably, the rate of increase in higher education is higher than that in vocational and technical high schools. Regarding the overlapping mismatch, we define three mismatch categories, namely mere field of study mismatch, mere overeducation and full-mismatch. We find that 40.6% of employees from higher education and 70.2% of employees from vocational and technical high schools are mismatched by any category.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vertical mismatch
• Overeducation
• Field of study mismatch
• Overlapping mismatch

Türkiye'deki Dikey ve Yatay Uyumsuz Eşleşmeye İlişkin Literatür Taraması ve Bunların Kesişimini de İçeren Yeni Bulgular

Öz

Bu çalışmanın iki amacı bulunmaktadır. Birincisi, Türkiye’deki eğitim sistemiyle iş gücü piyasası arasındaki yatay ve dikey uyumsuz eşleşmeyi inceleyen ampirik çalışmaların literatür taramasını yaparak temel bulguları raporlamaktır. İkincisi, TÜİK Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi veri setlerini kullanarak mesleki ve teknik ortaöğretim düzeyi ve yükseköğretim olmak üzere her bir hedef kitle için yeni ve daha detaylı bulguları iki farklı perspektiften sunmaktır. Bu kapsamda, önce uyumsuz eşleşme düzeylerinin yıllara göre değişimleri incelenmiş, ardından yatay ve dikey uyumsuz eşleşmelerin kesişimi (overlapping mismatch) üç farklı kategoride analiz edilmiştir. Bunlar, “sadece yatay uyumsuz eşleşme”, “sadece dikey uyumsuz eşleşme” ve “tam uyumsuz eşleşme”dir (aynı anda hem yatay hem de dikey uyumsuz eşleşme). Temel bulgular şunlardır: Her iki eğitim seviyesi için de yatay ve dikey uyumsuz eşleşme düzeyi zaman içerisinde artış göstermiştir. Bu artış oranı yükseköğretim için daha yüksektir. Yatay ve dikey uyumsuzluğun kesişimiyle ilgili bulgulara göre, ortaöğretim düzeyindeki mesleki ve teknik eğitimden mezun olanların %70,2’si ve yükseköğretimden mezun olanların %40,6’sı söz konusu üç kategoriden herhangi biri itibarıyla uyumsuz eşleşmeye sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dikey uyumsuz eşleşme
• Aşırı eğitimlilik
• Yatay uyumsuz eşleşme
• Kesişen uyumsuz eşleşme

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