İşgörenlerin Yapay Zekâ Algısında Teknostres Faktörlerinin Rolü: Meydan Okuma-Engel Stresi Modeli Çerçevesinde Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojilerinin iş süreçlerine hızla entegre olması, çalışanların iş yapış biçimlerini ve teknoloji kaynaklı stres (teknostres) algılarını derinden etkilemektedir. Geleneksel bilgi teknolojileri bağlamında ele alınan teknostres kavramı, otonom ve üretken YZ araçlarının yükselişiyle birlikte yeni boyutlar kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, bilişim sektörü çalışanlarının YZ kullanımı bağlamında deneyimledikleri teknostres unsurlarını incelemek ve bu unsurların iş davranışları üzerindeki meydan okuyucu (geliştirici) ve engelleyici etkilerini bütünleşik bir modelle analiz etmektir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Teknokentlerde faaliyet gösteren bilişim şirketlerinde görevli, fiilen yazılım süreçlerinde YZ araçlarını kullanan çalışanlarla yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş; YZ kullanımına dair hiyerarşik kod, kategori ve temalar belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, YZ kullanımının çalışanlar üzerinde "iki ucu keskin bir kılıç" etkisi yarattığını göstermektedir. YZ; "kullanışlılık, zaman tasarrufu ve kaliteli iş çıktısı" gibi unsurlarla çalışanların iş performansını ve proaktif davranışlarını artıran meydan okuyucu bir teknostres kaynağı olarak işlev görmektedir. Öte yandan sistemlerin "güvenilmezliği (yanlış yönlendirme/halüsinasyon), aşırı bağımlılık ve tekno-güvensizlik (işini kaybetme korkusu)" gibi unsurlar, çalışanlar üzerinde otonomi kaybı ve kaygı yaratan engelleyici bir stres faktörüne dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışma, güncel dijital iş ortamında YZ odaklı teknostres unsurlarını nitel bir derinlikle yeniden tanımlayarak teknostres literatürüne teorik bir zemin kazandırmakta ve kurumlara insan-YZ iş birliğini optimize edecek yönetsel stratejiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay zekâ
• Teknostres
• Meydan Okuma ve Engelleme
• Nitel Araştırma.

Destekleyen Kurum

Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

The Role of Technostress Factors in Employees' Perception of Artificial Intelligence: An Assessment within the Challenge-Hindrance Stress Model Framework

Öz

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into business processes profoundly affects employees' work routines and their perceptions of technology-induced stress (technostress). The traditional concept of technostress, typically examined within the context of conventional information technologies, has acquired new dimensions with the rise of autonomous and generative AI tools. The primary purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the technostress elements experienced by IT sector employees in the context of AI usage and to analyze the challenge and hindrance effects of these elements on work behaviors through an integrated model. Adopting a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with employees working as software engineers in IT companies operating within Techno-parks, who actively utilize AI tools. The primary data obtained were systematically analyzed using MAXQDA software to identify hierarchical codes, categories, and themes related to AI integration. The findings reveal that AI usage exerts a "double-edged sword" effect on employees. On one hand, AI acts as a challenge technostress source that enhances work performance and proactive behaviors through elements such as "usefulness, time-saving, and high-quality work output." Conversely, factors like "system unreliability (hallucination/misdirection), over-reliance, and techno-insecurity" transform into hindrance stress sources that trigger loss of autonomy and anxiety. By redefining AI-driven technostress elements with qualitative depth in the contemporary digital work environment, this study contributes a robust theoretical foundation to the technostress literature and provides practical managerial strategies to optimize human-AI collaboration in organizations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Technostress
• Challenge-Hindrance
• Qualitative Research.

Destekleyen Kurum

Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Kaynakça

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