An Attempt to Establish Connection Between Political Symbols Used in Peace Processes and Negotiating Demands: South Africa and Northern Ireland Cases

Öz

This article endeavours to understand, interpret, and explore the relationship between the macro-level negotiation demands of political actors involved in the peace process (state, organisations, etc.) and the political symbolism they employ throughout the process, using South Africa and Northern Ireland experiences. Integration and separation are addressed as two fundamental demands in the article. While discussing the different symbolisms used by the parties in relation to these two macro demands through the aforementioned examples, the theoretical perspectives of political science, anthropology and peace studies are taken as a basis. The article aims to contribute to different peace epistemologies by answering the questions of whether a connection can be established between the parties' negotiation demands in peace processes and the symbols they employ in the political arena, and if so, which demands reveal what kind of symbolism. In the article, which was conducted using primary and secondary data sources, two processes were examined within the framework of a comparative case study, and the symbols were identified through qualitative document analysis. The article concludes that separation entails the use of divisive symbols, while integration is associated with inclusive and unifying symbols, thus revealing a strong link between negotiation demands and the symbols used.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peace Process
• Political Symbolizm
• Integration
• Seperation
• Northern Ireland
• South Africa

Barış Süreçlerinde Kullanılan Siyasal Semboller ile Müzakere Talepleri Arasında Bir Bağlantı Kurma Denemesi: Güney Afrika ve Kuzey İrlanda Örnekleri

Öz

Bu makale, barış sürecine taraf olan politik aktörlerin (devlet, örgüt vd.) makro müzakere talepleri ile süreç boyunca kullandıkları siyasal sembolizm arasındaki ilişkiyi Güney Afrika ve Kuzey İrlanda barış süreçleri üzerinden anlamaya, yorumlamaya ve keşfetmeye çabalamaktadır. Makalede entegrasyon ve seperasyon, iki temel talep olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu iki makro talep ile tarafların kullandığı farklı sembolizmler söz konusu örnekler üzerinden tartışılırken siyaset bilimi, antropoloji ve barış çalışmalarının kuramsal perspektifleri baz alınmıştır. Makale barış süreçlerinde tarafların müzakere talepleri ile siyasal alana sürdükleri semboller arasında bağ kurulup kurulamayacağı, kurulacaksa hangi taleplerin nasıl bir sembolizmi açığa çıkardığı sorularını yanıtlayarak farklı barış epistemolojilerine katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Birincil ve ikincil veri kaynakları üzerinden yürütülen çalışmada iki süreç karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi çerçevesinde ele alınmış, kullanılan semboller ise nitel doküman analiziyle tespit edilmiştir. Analiz neticesinde separasyonun ayrıştırıcı sembollere başvurmayı beraberinde getirdiği, entegrasyonun ise kapsayıcı ve birleştirici sembollerle ilişkilendiği, dolayısıyla müzakere talepleri ile kullanılan semboller arasında güçlü bir bağın olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Üstelik bu bağın, çift yönlü çıkarım yapmaya olanak tanıyan bir yapıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Barış Süreci
• Siyasal Sembolizm
• Entegrasyon
• Seperasyon
• Kuzey İrlanda
• Güney Africa

Kaynakça

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