Kuzey Kafkasya’da aşırı İslamcılığın yükselişi: Kafkasya Emirliği’nin analizi

Öz

The goal of this study is to analyze the rise of radical Islamism and the establishment of a virtual state, “Caucasus Emirate” in 2007 by borrowing conceptual tools from social movements literature such as socio-economic indicators, political development and identity factors. While noting that such indicators alone cannot fully explain the rise of Islamism, this study identifies global radical Islam and absence of international conflict resolution mechanisms as determinant factors. First section provides a historical background of the discontent in Chechnya. Second section identifies basic concepts used in social movement theory to explain radicalization processes. Apart from this, third section identifies global radical Islam, counter-productive measures taken by the authorities in Russian Federation, and political and economic underdevelopment and mismanagement as sources of instability in the North Caucasus. Finally a comparison of Chechnya and Bosnia-Herzegovina provides the lack of international conflict resolution mechanisms as another important factor in the analysis of the conflict.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Russia
• North Caucasus
• Caucasus Emirate
• Radical Islamism
• Ethnic Nationalism

The Rise of Radical Islam in the North Caucasus: An Analysis of Caucasus Emirate

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2007’de ilan edilen Kafkasya Emirliği ile birlikte Kuzey Kafkasya’da aşırı İslamcılığın yükselişinin sosyal hareketler çalışmalarından esinlenerek sosyal-ekonomik göstergeler, siyasi gelişim ve kimliğe dayalı faktörler kullanılarak açıklanmasıdır. Çalışma, bu faktörlerin kendi başlarına Kafkasya Emirliği tarzı radikalleşmeyi açıklamakta kısıtlı olduklarını not eder ve bölgede küresel radikal İslamcılığın etkisi ve uluslararası çatışma çözüm mekanizmalarının eksikliğini de belirleyici faktörler olarak sunar. Çalışmada ilk olarak Kuzey Kafkasya’da devam eden ayaklanma ve Kafkas Emirliği’nin tarihsel arka planı, yapısı ve metotları analiz edilir. İkinci bölümde, aşırı İslamcı hareketlerin yapıları itibariyle sosyal hareket olarak sınıflandırılabilecekleri ve dolayısıyla sosyal hareketler çalışmalarında radikalleşme olgusunu açıklayan temel faktörlerin, Kuzey Kafkasya’daki aşırı İslamcı oluşumu anlamak içinde faydalanılabileceği savunulur. Buradan yola çıkarak üçüncü bölümde, Kuzey Kafkasya’daki İslamcı harekete destek sağlayan küresel aşırı İslamcı grupların etkisi, Rusya’daki otoritelerin kullandığı metotlar ve aynı otoritelerin siyasi ve ekonomik sorunları çözmedeki yetersizliği hareketin halen devam etmesi belirleyici faktörler olarak sunulur. Son olarak çalışma, Çeçenistan ve Bosna-Hersek karşılaştırılması ile Kuzey Kafkasya’daki aşırı İslamcılığın yükselişini, Çeçenistan’da uluslararası çatışma çözüm mekanizmalarının eksikliğine bağlı olarak da analize dâhil eder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rusya
• Kuzey Kafkasya
• Kafkasya Emirliği
• Aşırı İslamcılık
• Etnik Milliyetçilik

Kaynakça

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