MEASURING DISPROPORTIONALITY IN PR SYSTEMS
Öz
In proportional representation systems voters vote for parties or blocks, which run for the certain number of seats in a representative body, and get seats proportionally to the received votes. In what degree the elected parliament reflects the interests of various groups of the voters, or, in other words, to which extent it is representative? To answer this question the indices are introduced evaluating the degree of proportionality of an electoral system, called "disproportionality indices". Disproportionality indices are based on the comparison between the number of votes and number of seats each party obtains. In the article the reasons why any electoral PR system distorts voters’ preferences are discussed. Below we describe several well-known proportional representation systems, give a brief look to known disproportionality indices and introduce two new indices of that type, the Representation Index and the Index of Relative Representation, respectively. These two indices are calculated for parliamentary elections in several countries.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ALESKEROV, F. / PLATONOV, V. (2003), PR Systems and Indices of Disproportionality of a Parliament (Working Paper WP7/2003/5: Moscow State University, Higher School of Economics) (in Russian).
- ALESKEROV, F. / PLATONOV, V. (2004) "Disproportionality Indicies for PR Systems," "Reasoned Choices" (Essays in Honor of Academy Professor Hannu Nurmi (ed. Matti Wiberg), The Finnish Political Science Association).
- GALLAGHER, M. (1991), “Proportionality, Disproportionality and Electoral Systems,” Electoral Studies.
- GRILLI DI CORTONA, P. / MANZI, C. / PENNISI, A. / RICCA, F. / SIMEONE, B. (1999), Evaluation and Optimization of Electoral Systems (Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics).
- LIJPHART, A. et al. (1994), Electoral Systems and Party Systems: a Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945-1990 (New York: Oxford University Press).
- LOOSEMORE, J. / HANBY, V. (1971), “The Theoretical Limits of Maximum Distortion: Some Analytic Expressions for Electoral Systems,” British Journal of Political Science, 1.
- Rae, D. (1971), The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press) (2nd edn.).
- www.const.sns.se
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
İşletme
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
9 Şubat 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi
9 Şubat 2015
Kabul Tarihi
-
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2005 Cilt: 60 Sayı: 4