Savunma ve Yayılma Paradoksu Çerçevesinde Rus Çarlığı’nın Emperyal Jeopolitiği

Yıl 2024, SBF Dergisi Erken Görünüm, 1 - 23

Burak Samih Gülboy Serhat Güzel

https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1349187

Öz

Sanayi Devrimi ertesinde buhar gücünden faydanalanan teknolojiler deniz ve kara ulaşımında devletlerin menzillerini ve coğrafi vizyonlarını devrimsel bir biçimde değiştirdi. Geleceğe yönelik yapılan bu değişimler sadece tek bir alanda gerçekleşmedi. Askeri teknolojilerdeki hızlı gelişmenin eşliğinde devletler imkanları dahilinde güçlerini sınırlarının çok ötesine taşıma yeteneğine sahip olduklarında, coğrafyayı siyasal ve stratejik olarak yeniden yorumlamaya başladılar. Özellikle 19. Yüzyılın sonunda bu yorumlar emperyal jeopolitiğin yükselişini temsil etti.
1815’ten sonra Avrupa’nın büyük güçleri arasında başat statüsünü pekiştiren Rusya, 19. yüzyılın devamında üç emperyal coğrafyada aktive oldu. Bu coğrafyalar Avrupa, Balkanlar-Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Asya olarak belirginleştiler. Çarlığın bu üç coğrafyada izlediği stratejiler savunma ile yayılma arasında değişiklik gösterdi.
Rus Çarlığının üç emperyal coğrafyadaki aktivasyonu, karar alıcıları çevreleyen entelektüel alanda da jeopolitik düşüncelerin canlanmasını sağladı. Rus kültürel ve tarihsel birikimlerinden de beslenen bu düşünceler Rus Çarlığının emperyal politiğini oluşturdu.
Bu makalenin amacı Rus Çarlığının 19. Yüzyıldaki stratejisi çerçevesinde Çarlık Rusya’sının jeopolitik düşüncesini analiz ederek tanıtmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya, Jeopolitik, Balkanlar, Panslavism, Avrasya

Imperial Geopolitics of Tsarist Russia within the Framework of Defense and Expansion Paradox

Öz

After the Industrial Revolution, technologies using steam power revolutionized the ranges and geographical scopes of states in sea and land transportation. These future-oriented changes did not occur in just one area. Accompanied by the rapid development in military technologies, states began to reinterpret the geography politically and strategically when they had the ability to extend their power far beyond their borders. Especially at the end of the 19th century, these interpretations represented the rise of imperial geopolitics.
Russia, which consolidated its dominant status among the great powers of Europe after 1815, became active in three imperial geographies during the 19th century. These geographies became evident as Europe, the Balkans-Ottoman Empire and Asia. The strategies followed by Russia in these three geographies varied between defense and expansion.
The activation of the Tsarist Russia in three imperial geographies also brought about the revival of geopolitical thoughts within the intellectuals surrounding the decision makers. These ideas, which were also backed up by the Russian cultural and historical background, formed the imperial politics of the Russian Tsardom.
The aim of this article is to analyze and introduce the geopolitical thought of Tsarist Russia within the framework of the strategy of the Russian Tsardom in the 19th century.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Russia, Geopolitics, Balkans, Panslavism, Euroasia

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