Seçim Çevrelerine Milletvekili Bölüştürme Yöntemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye için Model Önerileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 80 Sayı: 1, 67 - 89, 13.03.2025

Seyfullah Yürük , Türkmen Göksel

https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1445886

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye'de milletvekili bölüştürme yöntemlerinin demokratik temsil ilkeleriyle uyumunu analiz ederek, mevcut sistemin yarattığı temsil adaletsizliğini gidermek için alternatif modeller önermektedir. Türkiye'nin mevcut seçim sistemindeki seçim çevresi büyüklüklerini belirleyen bölüştürme parametresi, nüfus farklılıklarını ve bölgesel dağılımları yeterince yansıtmamakta, bu da temsilde adaletsizliklere yol açmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Hamilton, Jefferson ve Webster metotları temelinde geliştirilen modifiye edilmiş bölüştürme modelleri, 2000'li yıllardaki genel seçim verileriyle analiz edilmiştir. Genelleştirilmiş entropi formülünü kullanan karşılaştırmalı analiz sonucu, Hamilton ile Webster metotlarının nüfus oranlarına göre daha dengeli temsil sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Hamilton yönteminin yalınlığı ve yasal uygulanabilirliğini vurgulayan çalışmada Türkiye'nin seçim sisteminde reform yapılmasının gerekliliğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu makale, demokratik temsilin güçlendirilmesine yönelik daha fazla araştırma ve tartışmaya zemin hazırlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seçim sistemleri, TBMM seçimleri, Temsilde adalet, Seçim çevresi büyüklüğü, Bölüştürme yöntemleri

Evaluation of Parliamentary Apportionment Methods by Electoral Districts: Model Proposals for Turkey

Öz

This article analyzes the alignment of Turkey's current seat apportionment system to electoral districts with democratic representation principles and proposes an alternative model to address the representational injustices created by the existing system. District magnitudes of Turkey's current electoral system fails to adequately reflect population changes and regional distributions, leading to overrepresentation or underrepresentation of certain districts. The authors suggest modified distribution models based on the Hamilton, Jefferson, and Webster methods to address these issues and create a fairer representation system. Comparative analysis has shown that the proposed methods namely Hamilton and Webster provide a more equitable, fair, and balanced distribution of MPs compared to the current system. The study emphasizes the significant impact of electoral systems and distribution methodologies on representation justice and efficiency in democratic systems, highlighting the need for reform in Turkey's election system. The article aims to contribute to the strengthening of democratic representation by encouraging further research and discussion in this field, offering alternatives with the potential to improve representation justice through in-depth examination of the effects of electoral systems and MP distribution methods on democratic representation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electoral system, Turkish parliamentary elections, justice in representation, district magnitude, apportionment methods

Kaynakça

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