Gebe Kadınlarda COVID-19 Korkusu ve Prenatal Stresin COVID-19 Aşı Kabulü Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Çalışma Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde gebe kadınlarda COVID-19 korkusu ve prenatal distres düzeylerinin COVID-19 aşı kabulüne etkisini incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Örneklem ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte tanımlayıcı çalışma, Ankara ilinde Ocak-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde 363 gebe ile yapılmıştır. Veriler bireysel bilgi formu, Prenatal Distres Ölçeği, COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği, Pandemilerde Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların gebelik öncesi ve gebelik döneminde COVID-19 aşısı yaptırma endişe düzeyleri Görsel Analog Skalası (VAS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların COVID-19 korkusu puan ortalaması (19.39 ±6.90) ve pandemilerde aşı tereddüt ölçek puanı ortalamasının (27.01 ± 6.27) orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pandemi döneminde çalışmaya katılan gebelerin prenatal distres düzeyinin orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<.05). Gebelik öncesi ve gebelik döneminde VAS değeri ile COVID-19 korkusu ve pandemilerde aşı tereddüt ölçek puanları arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<.001). Gebelik döneminde VAS değeri ile prenatal distres ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<.001). VAS değerleri arttıkça, COVID-19 korkusu, aşı tereddütü ve prenatal distres düzeyleri artmaktadır. Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde gebe kadınlarda aşının getireceği risklerin bilinmemesi, süreçte belirsizliklerin oluşması, prenatal distres düzeyinde artışa ve aşı tereddütüne neden olmaktadır. Doğum sonu uzun dönem yeni doğan ve anne üzerindeki aşı etkileri inceleyen çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aşı kabulü
• aşı teredütü
• COVID-19 aşısı
• COVID-19 pandemisi
• gebelik

Investigation of the Effect of COVID-19 Fear and Prenatal Stress on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Pregnant Women

Öz

Aim: The study was conducted to examine the effect of fear of COVID-19 and prenatal distress levels on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional type descriptive study was conducted with 363 pregnant women at a university hospital in Ankara between January and May 2022. Data were collected face to face with an individual information form, Prenatal Distress Scale, COVID-19 Fear Scale, Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Pandemics. In addition, the participants' anxiety levels about getting the COVID-19 vaccine before and during pregnancy were evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: It was determined that the participants' mean score for fear of COVID-19 (19.39 ± 6.90) and the mean score for the vaccine hesitancy scale in pandemics (27.01 ± 6.27) were moderate. It was determined that the prenatal distress level of the pregnant women who participated in the study during the pandemic period was at a moderate level (p <.05). A positive relationship was detected between VAS values before pregnancy and during pregnancy and fear of COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy scale scores in pandemics (p<.001). A positive relationship was detected between VAS value during pregnancy and prenatal distress scale scores (p<.001). As VAS values increase, levels of fear of COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy and prenatal distress increase. Conclusion: During the pandemic period, not knowing the risks of the vaccine in pregnant women and creating uncertainties in the process cause an increase in the level of prenatal distress and vaccine hesitancy. It is recommended to conduct studies examining the effects of the vaccine on the newborns and mothers in the long term after birth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVİD-19 vaccine,
• COVİD-19 pandemic,
• pregnancy,
• vaccine hesitancy

Kaynakça

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