Sosyal Karşılaştırma Yönelimi Hemşirelerde Göreli Yoksunluğun Öncülü müdür? Teorik Çerçeve Kapsamında Literatür İncelemesi

Öz

Sosyal karşılaştırma yönelimi bir kişi veya grubun kendisini veya grubunu başkalarıyla karşılaştırdığı süreci ifade eder. Kişiler burada aşağı yönlü, yukarı yönlü ve yatay (nötr-denk) karşılaştırmalarda bulunabilirler. Bu karşılaştırmalar sonucunda olumlu ve olumsuz duygular oluşabilir. Kişiler yaptıkları bu karşılaştırmalar sonucunda kendilerini veya gruplarını dezavantajlı olarak algılarlarsa yoksunluk hissi yaşayabilir ve öfke ve kızgınlık duyabilirler. Bu durum göreli yoksunluk olarak ifade edilmekte olup kişilerin algısına ve öznel değerlendirmelerine dayanan bilişsel bir durumdur. Göreli yoksunluktan söz edebilmek için kişi veya grupların mutlaka karşılaştırma yapması zorunlu olup oluşan yoksunluk algısının adaletsizlik ve eşitsizlikten kaynaklandığı görüşü hakimdir. Göreli yoksunluğun genel olarak stres, depresyon, anksiyete ve tükenmişlik ile ilişkilendirildiği görülmektedir. Hemşirelik mesleği de bireysel ve grup düzeyinde birçok karşılaştırmanın yapılması muhtemel olan ve multidisipliner ekip üyeleri ile çalışan bir meslek grubudur. Ancak hemşirelerin hangi sıklıkla, daha çok hangi konularda ve kimlerle bu karşılaştırmaları yaptıkları bilinmemektedir. Bununla birlikte bu karşılaştırmaların olumlu ve yoksunluk yaratan olumsuz yönleri açısından literatürde önemli bir açık bulunmaktadır. Literatürde hemşirelerin stres, depresyon, anksiyete ve tükenmişlik durumları hemşireleri elde tutma politikaları açısından sürekli incelenen konular arasındadır. Psikolojik sıkıntı olarak ifade edilen bu kavramların oluşmasında etkili olan hemşirelerin yoksunluk düzeylerini ve sosyal karşılaştırma yönelimlerini belirlemek bu nedenle önemlidir. Konuyla ilgili hazırlanan bu derleme çalışması konunun önemi açısından literatüre önemli katkılar sunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşire
• hemşirelik
• göreli yoksunluk
• sosyal karşılaştırma yönelimi

Is Social Comparison Orientation a Predictor of Relative Deprivation in Nurses? A Literature Review Within the Theoretical Framework

Öz

Social comparison orientation is a process in which an individual or group compares themselves or their group with others. Individuals may compare themselves downward, upward, or horizontally (neutral-equal). These comparisons may lead to positive or negative feelings. If individuals perceive themselves or their groups as disadvantaged as a result of these comparisons, they may experience feelings of deprivation and feel anger and resentment. This situation is referred to as relative deprivation and is a cognitive state based on individuals' perceptions and subjective assessments. To speak of relative deprivation, it is essential that individuals or groups make comparisons, and the prevailing view is that the resulting perception of deprivation stems from injustice and inequality. Relative deprivation is generally associated with stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout. Nursing is also a profession that involves working with multidisciplinary team members, where many comparisons are likely to be made at both the individual and group levels. However, it is not known how often nurses make these comparisons, on what topics, and with whom. Also, there is a considerable gap in the literature regarding the positive and negative aspects of these comparisons that create deprivation. The literature continuously examines topics such as nurses' stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout in the context of nurse retention policies. Thus, it is important to determine nurses' levels of deprivation and social comparison orientation, which are effective in the formation of these concepts expressed as psychological distress. This review study is prepared on the subject and will make significant contributions to the literature in terms of its importance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nurse
• nursing
• relative deprivation
• social comparison orientation

Kaynakça

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