Biyotik Ailesinden Postbiyotiklerin Sınıflandırılması ve Antitümör Aktiviteleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 212 - 221, 14.12.2023

Mert Aşit , Mendane Saka

https://doi.org/10.46971/ausbid.1249911

Öz

Kanser, dünya çapında önde gelen ikinci ölüm nedenidir ve hastaların prognozunun iyileşmesine rağmen, vakaların önemli bir kısmında hala kötüdür. İnsan vücudunda antikanser tedavisine yönelik karmaşık ve sonuç alınamayan yaklaşımlar, antikanser ortamı yaratmanın yeni yollarını aramaya motive etmektedir. Probiyotikler, prebiyotikler, sinbiyotikler ve postbiyotiklerin, yapılan çalışmalar ile kanser tedavsisinde yardımcı tedavi olarak kullanımında etkili olduğu gösterilmektedir. Biyotik ailesinden olan postbiyotikler, fonksiyonel bir gıda veya gıda takviyesi olarak sunulan ve sağlığı destekleyen mikrobiyal metabolitlerdir. Doğrudan vücudun sinyal yollarını etkilerler ya da dolaylı olarak bağırsak mikroflorasının metabolizmasını ve bileşimini manipüle ederler. Postbiyotiklerin uygulanması, kanser ile savaşmak için etkili bir tamamlayıcı stratejidir. Bu derlemede, postbiyotiklerin antitümöral etkilerini ve metastatik kanserlerdeki rolünü içeren çalışmalar incelenmiş ve tümör hücrelerinde postbiyotik kaynaklarının yararlılığını gösteren temel bulgular özetlenmiştir. Postbiyotikler, kanser tedavisinde yardımcı tedavi olarak değerlendirilebilir ve tedavi yöntemlerinin neden olduğu yan etkilerin azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca postbiyotiklerin kanser üzerindeki etkilerini detaylı olarak değerlendirmek için daha fazla in vivo ve in vitro çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antitümör ajanlar, kanser, metastaz

Classification and Antitumor Activities of Postbiotics from the Biotic Family

Öz

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and although the prognosis for patients has improved, it is still poor in a significant proportion of cases. Complex and inconclusive approaches to anticancer treatment in the human body motivate the search for new ways to create an anticancer environment. Studies have shown that probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics are effective in their use as adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment. Postbiotics, from the biotic family, are health-promoting microbial metabolites offered as a functional food or dietary supplement. They directly affect the body's signaling pathways or indirectly manipulate the metabolism and composition of the intestinal microflora. The administration of postbiotics is an effective complementary strategy to fight cancer. In this review, studies including the antitumoral effects of postbiotics and their role in metastatic cancers were examined and the main findings showing the usefulness of postbiotic sources in tumor cells were summarized. Postbiotics can be considered as adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment and may help reduce the side effects caused by treatment methods. In addition, more in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to evaluate the effects of postbiotics on cancer in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antitumor agents, cancer, metastasis

Kaynakça

• Açar, Y., & Sökülmez Kaya, P. (2021). Postbiyotikler ve sağlık üzerine etkileri: Sistematik derleme. Literatür Eczacılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 276 – 284. https://doi.org/10.5336/pharmsci.2021-82004
• Aguilar-Toalá, J. E., Garcia-Varela, R., Garcia, H. S., Mata-Haro, V., González-Córdova, A. F., Vallejo-Cordoba, B., & Hernández-Mendoza, A. (2018). Postbiotics: An evolving term within the functional foods field. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 75, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.009
• Amaretti, A., Di Nunzio, M., Pompei, A., Raimondi, S., Rossi, M., & Bordoni, A. (2013). Antioxidant properties of potentially probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo activities. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97, 809-817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4241-7
• Ayyash, M., Abu-Jdayil, B., Itsaranuwat, P., Galiwango, E., Tamiello-Rosa, C., Abdullah, H., Esposito, G., Hunashal, Y., Obaid R.S., & Hamed, F. (2020). Characterization, bioactivities, and rheological properties of exopolysaccharide produced by novel probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum C70 isolated from camel milk. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 144, 938-946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.171
• Chen, S. M., Hsu, L. J., Lee, H. L., Lin, C. P., Huang, S. W., Lai, C. J. L., Lin, C. W., Chen, W. T., Chen, Y. J., Lin, Y. C., Yang, C. C., & Jan, M. S. (2020). Lactobacillus attenuate the progression of pancreatic cancer promoted by porphyromonas gingivalis in k-rasg12d transgenic mice. Cancers, 12(12), 3522. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123522
• Chen, Z. Y., Hsieh, Y. M., Huang, C. C., & Tsai, C. C. (2017). Inhibitory effects of probiotic Lactobacillus on the growth of human colonic carcinoma cell line HT-29. Molecules, 22(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010107
• Chuah, L. O., Foo, H. L., Loh, T. C., Mohammed Alitheen, N. B., Yeap, S. K., Abdul Mutalib, N. E., Abdul Rahim, R., & Yusoff, K. (2019). Postbiotic metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains exert selective cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2528-2
• Cousin, F. J., Jouan-Lanhouet, S., Dimanche-Boitrel, M. T., Corcos, L., & Jan, G. (2012). Milk fermented by Propionibacterium freudenreichii induces apoptosis of HGT-1 human gastric cancer cells. PloS One, 7(3), e31892. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031892
• de LeBlanc, A. D. M., LeBlanc, J. G., Perdigon, G., Miyoshi, A., Langella, P., Azevedo, V., & Sesma, F. (2008). Oral administration of a catalase-producing Lactococcus lactis can prevent a chemically induced colon cancer in mice. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 57(1), 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47403-0
• Escamilla, J., Lane, M. A., & Maitin, V. (2012). Cell-free supernatants from probiotic Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decrease colon cancer cell invasion in vitro. Nutrition and Cancer, 64(6), 871-878. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.700758
• Feleszko, W., Jaworska, J., Rha, R. D., Steinhausen, S., Avagyan, A., Jaudszus, A., Ahrens, B., Groneberg, D. A., Wahn, U., & Hamelmann, E. (2007). Probiotic-induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory-dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 37(4), 498-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02629.x
• Fong, W., Li, Q., & Yu, J. (2020). Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Oncogene, 39(26), 4925-4943. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-020-1341-1
• Hapach, L. A., Mosier, J. A., Wang, W., & Reinhart-King, C. A. (2019). Engineered models to parse apart the metastatic cascade. NPJ Precision Oncology, 3(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-019-0092-3
• Izuddin, W. I., Humam, A. M., Loh, T. C., Foo, H. L., & Samsudin, A. A. (2020). Dietary postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum improves serum and ruminal antioxidant activity and upregulates hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function in post-weaning lambs. Antioxidants, 9(3), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030250
• Kang, S. S., Sim, J. R., Yun, C. H., & Han, S. H. (2016). Lipoteichoic acids as a major virulence factor causing inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 2. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 39(11), 1519-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0804-y
• Kim, Y., Lee, D., Kim, D., Cho, J., Yang, J., Chung, M., Kim, K., & Ha, N. (2008). Inhibition of proliferation in colon cancer cell lines and harmful enzyme activity of colon bacteria by Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 31(4), 468-473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1180-y
• Kullisaar, T., Zilmer, M., Mikelsaar, M., Vihalemm, T., Annuk, H., Kairane, C., & Kilk, A. (2002). Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 72(3), 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00674-2
• Kvakova, M., Kamlarova, A., Stofilova, J., Benetinova, V., & Bertkova, I. (2022). Probiotics and postbiotics in colorectal cancer: Prevention and complementary therapy. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(27), 3370. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3370
• LeBlanc, J. G., Chain, F., Martín, R., Bermúdez-Humarán, L. G., Courau, S., & Langella, P. (2017). Beneficial effects on host energy metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins produced by commensal and probiotic bacteria. Microbial Cell Factories, 16(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-017-0691-z
• Mohd Fuad, A. S., Amran, N. A., Nasruddin, N. S., Burhanudin, N. A., Dashper, S., & Arzmi, M. H. (2022). The Mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in oral cancer management. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09985-7
• Orlando, A., Refolo, M. G., Messa, C., Amati, L., Lavermicocca, P., Guerra, V., & Russo, F. (2012). Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of viable or heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei IMPC2. 1 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in HGC-27 gastric and DLD-1 colon cell lines. Nutrition and Cancer, 64(7), 1103-1111. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.717676
• Rautiola, E. (2013). Short chain fatty acid production by probiotic organisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eastern Michigan University, Michigan. https://commons.emich.edu/honors/328
• Sartor, R. B. (2012). Diet promotes dysbiosis and colitis in susceptible hosts. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9(10), 561-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.157
• Sharma, M., & Shukla, G. (2016). Metabiotics: one step ahead of probiotics; an insight into mechanisms involved in anticancerous effect in colorectal cancer. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01940
• Vrzáčková, N., Ruml, T., & Zelenka, J. (2021). Postbiotics, metabolic signaling, and cancer. Molecules, 26(6), 1528. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061528 Vinderola, G., Sanders, M. E., & Salminen, S. (2022). The Concept of postbiotics. Foods, 11(8), 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11081077
• Wegh, C. A., Geerlings, S. Y., Knol, J., Roeselers, G., & Belzer, C. (2019). Postbiotics and their potential applications in early life nutrition and beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 4673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194673
• Yin, J., Xu, B., Zeng, X., & Shen, K. (2018). Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Immunopharmacology, 54, 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.032
• Zamberi, N. R., Abu, N., Mohamed, N. E., Nordin, N., Keong, Y. S., Beh, B. K., Zakaria, Z. A. B., Rahman, N. M. A. N. A., & Alitheen, N. B. (2016). The antimetastatic and antiangiogenesis effects of kefir water on murine breast cancer cells. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 15(4), NP53-NP66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735416642862
• Żółkiewicz, J., Marzec, A., Ruszczyński, M., & Feleszko, W. (2020). Postbiotics—a step beyond pre-and probiotics. Nutrients, 12(8), 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082189