YÜKSELEN DONÖRLER VE KALKINMA İŞBİRLİĞİ MİMARİSİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK VE GÜNEY KORE ÖRNEKLERİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 64, 331 - 376, 30.06.2025

Anıl Çetintoprak

Öz

Bu makale, uluslararası kalkınma işbirliği mimarisinde son yirmi yılda yaşanan dönüşümü, yükselen donörlerin etkisi bağlamında analiz etmektedir. Çin, Hindistan, Brezilya, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye gibi ülkelerin kalkınma faaliyetlerine artan katılımı, geleneksel olarak OECD-DAC normları çerçevesinde şekillenen yardım mimarisini hem söylemsel hem de yapısal düzeyde zorlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede makale, kalkınma mimarisinde normatif, operasyonel ve kurumsal düzeylerde yaşanan değişimleri incelemekte ve Birleşik Krallık ile Kore Cumhuriyeti (Güney Kore) örnekleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı bir analiz sunmaktadır. Birleşik Krallık, geleneksel donör kimliğini temsil eden, normatif öncülüğe ve çok taraflılık ilkesine dayalı bir yaklaşımı sürdürürken; Güney Kore, yardım alıcılığından donörlüğe evrilen, DAC üyeliği ile birlikte özgün bir donör profili sergilemektedir. Çalışma, nitel bir yöntemle hazırlanmış; literatür taraması, kurumsal belgeler ve nicel veri analizleri bir arada değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, yükselen donörlerin kalkınma işbirliği söylemini dönüştürmekle kalmayıp, geleneksel donörlerin de söylem, yöntem ve kurumlarında değişime yol açtığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, kalkınma işbirliği mimarisinin daha çoğulcu, rekabetçi bir yapıya dönüştüğüne, geleneksel ve yükselen donör özelliklerinin giderek melezleştiğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kalkınma işbirliği , yükselen donörler , Birleşik Krallık , Kore , OECD-DAC , normatif dönüşüm

EMERGING DONORS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION ARCHITECTURE: AN EVALUATION THROUGH THE CASES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND SOUTH KOREA

Öz

This article analyzes the transformation experienced in the international development cooperation architecture over the past two decades in the context of the rising influence of emerging donors. The growing participation of countries such as China, India, Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey in development activities has challenged the traditional aid architecture—historically shaped by OECD-DAC norms—both discursively and structurally. Accordingly, this article examines the normative, operational, and institutional shifts in the architecture and provides a comparative analysis through the cases of the United Kingdom and Republic of Korea (South Korea). The United Kingdom maintains its traditional donor identity through a normative leadership and multilateralism-based approach, while South Korea, having evolved from an aid recipient to a donor and joined the DAC, presents a unique donor profile. This study adopts a qualitative methodology, combining literature review, institutional documents, and quantitative data analysis. The findings reveal that emerging donors not only reshape the discourse of development cooperation, but also induce changes in the discourse, methods, and institutions of traditional donors. This indicates a transformation of the development cooperation architecture into a more pluralistic and competitive structure, with increasingly hybrid characteristics between traditional and emerging donor models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Development cooperation , emerging donors , United Kingdom , Korea , OECDDAC , normative transformation

Kaynakça

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