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ABD’nin Afganistan'da Kamu Diplomasisi ve Güvenlik Uygulama Örnekleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 164 - 191, 29.06.2022

Öz

Bu çalışma ile dış politikada bir yumuşak güç aracı olarak kamu diplomasisi kavramının güvenlik politikaları ve uygulamaları ile ilişkileri ve katkıları, ABD’nin Afganistan uygulamaları üzerinden incelenmiştir. Kamu diplomasisinin, bir güvenlik yaklaşımı olarak güvenlikleştirme uygulamalarındaki önemi, kamu diplomasi uygulamalarında bir veri kaynağı olarak sosyokültürel istihbaratın insani müdahalelerdeki önemi ve bir uygulama alanı olarak terörle mücadele uygulamaları ile etkileşimi üzerine araştırmalar yapılmıştır. İncelenen yaklaşım ve uygulamalar ABD’nin Afganistan’a müdahalesi üzerinden örneklendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda, devletlerin yumuşak güç aracı olarak kullandığı kamu diplomasisin, güvelik başlığındaki uygulamalardan beslendiği gibi aynı şekilde akıllı güç uygulaması formatı ile güvenlik uygulamalarına destekleyici bir çalışmada etkin olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. ABD’nin Afganistan’dan geri çekilmesinin nedeninin, sert güç üretiminin yumuşak güç üretiminin çok daha fazla olmasından kaynaklı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • ALDRICH, Richard. (2012). Intelligence. Williams, P. D. (Ed.). Security studies: An introduction. Routledge.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., Wæver, O., & De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Coles, J. P. (2006). Incorporating cultural intelligence into joint doctrine. IO Sphere, 7-13.
  • Duran, H. (2001). Yeni Bir Müdahale Şekli: İnsani Müdahale. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİ BF Dergisi, S.1,
  • Cull, N. J. (2019). Public diplomacy: Foundations for global engagement in the digital age. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Duyvesteyn, I., & Schuurman, B. (2018). Public support and (counter) terrorism. In Routledge Handbook Of Terrorism And Counterterrorism (pp. 416-424). Routledge.
  • Freedman, Lawrence. The future of war: a history. Penguin Books, 2017.
  • Gorenc, N. (2019). Public Diplomacy as an Instrument of US Foreign And Security Policy. Teorija in Praksa, 56(3).
  • Holbrook, D. (2014). The Al-Qaeda doctrine: the framing and evolution of the leadership's public discourse. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  • Jayakumar, K. (2012). Humanitarian intervention: A legal analysis. Available at SSRN 2121008.
  • Jervis, R. (2018). Intelligence and International Politics. In The Oxford Handbook of International Security.
  • Kamminga, Jorrit. "Public Diplomacy in Afghanistan beyond the 2014 Transition." (2013).
  • McCall, M. (2017). Determining a successful humanitarian intervention. E-International Relations. Retrieved on December, 10, 2019.
  • Melissen, Jan. “Between Theory and Practice”, The New Public Diplomacy Soft Power in International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, s.3-27.
  • Nye, Joseph. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2011). The future of power. Public Affairs.
  • Patton, K. (2010). Sociocultural intelligence: A new discipline in intelligence studies. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  • Pratkanis, A. (2020). Tactics of Social Influence for Use in International Conflicts. In Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy (pp. 147-154). Routledge.
  • Seib, P. (2016). The future of diplomacy. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sharp, P. (2005). Revolutionary states, outlaw regimes and the techniques of public diplomacy. In The new public diplomacy (pp. 106-123). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Siracusa, J. M. (2010). Diplomacy: a very short introduction (Vol. 242). Oxford University Press.
  • Slegel, E. A. (2013). Socio-cultural intelligence: The effect of socio–cultural information on intelligence estimates. unpublished thesis, Mercyhurst University, Erie, Pennsylvania.
  • Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating with the world: US public diplomacy overseas. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Williams, A. (2009). The US military and public diplomacy. In Toward a New Public Diplomacy (pp. 217-237). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

US Public Diplomacy and Security Cases in Afghanistan

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 164 - 191, 29.06.2022

Öz

In this study, the relations and contributions of the concept of public diplomacy as a soft power tool in foreign policy with security policies and practices were examined through the US practices in Afghanistan. Research has been conducted on the fields of public diplomacy in securitization practices as a security approach, the importance of sociocultural intelligence as a data source in public diplomacy practices in humanitarian interventions, and its interaction with counter-terrorism practices. The examined approaches and practices are exemplified through the US intervention in Afghanistan. As a result of these studies, it has been concluded that public diplomacy, a concept which was used as a soft power tool by the states, can effectively be used for studies supporting security applications with the implementation of smart power format and can be nourished through these concepts as it was nourished from the applications stated on the security topic. It has been concluded that the USA's withdrawal from Afghanistan is due to the fact that the production of hard power is much higher than the production of soft power.

Kaynakça

  • ALDRICH, Richard. (2012). Intelligence. Williams, P. D. (Ed.). Security studies: An introduction. Routledge.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., Wæver, O., & De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Coles, J. P. (2006). Incorporating cultural intelligence into joint doctrine. IO Sphere, 7-13.
  • Duran, H. (2001). Yeni Bir Müdahale Şekli: İnsani Müdahale. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİ BF Dergisi, S.1,
  • Cull, N. J. (2019). Public diplomacy: Foundations for global engagement in the digital age. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Duyvesteyn, I., & Schuurman, B. (2018). Public support and (counter) terrorism. In Routledge Handbook Of Terrorism And Counterterrorism (pp. 416-424). Routledge.
  • Freedman, Lawrence. The future of war: a history. Penguin Books, 2017.
  • Gorenc, N. (2019). Public Diplomacy as an Instrument of US Foreign And Security Policy. Teorija in Praksa, 56(3).
  • Holbrook, D. (2014). The Al-Qaeda doctrine: the framing and evolution of the leadership's public discourse. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  • Jayakumar, K. (2012). Humanitarian intervention: A legal analysis. Available at SSRN 2121008.
  • Jervis, R. (2018). Intelligence and International Politics. In The Oxford Handbook of International Security.
  • Kamminga, Jorrit. "Public Diplomacy in Afghanistan beyond the 2014 Transition." (2013).
  • McCall, M. (2017). Determining a successful humanitarian intervention. E-International Relations. Retrieved on December, 10, 2019.
  • Melissen, Jan. “Between Theory and Practice”, The New Public Diplomacy Soft Power in International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, s.3-27.
  • Nye, Joseph. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2011). The future of power. Public Affairs.
  • Patton, K. (2010). Sociocultural intelligence: A new discipline in intelligence studies. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  • Pratkanis, A. (2020). Tactics of Social Influence for Use in International Conflicts. In Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy (pp. 147-154). Routledge.
  • Seib, P. (2016). The future of diplomacy. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sharp, P. (2005). Revolutionary states, outlaw regimes and the techniques of public diplomacy. In The new public diplomacy (pp. 106-123). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Siracusa, J. M. (2010). Diplomacy: a very short introduction (Vol. 242). Oxford University Press.
  • Slegel, E. A. (2013). Socio-cultural intelligence: The effect of socio–cultural information on intelligence estimates. unpublished thesis, Mercyhurst University, Erie, Pennsylvania.
  • Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating with the world: US public diplomacy overseas. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Williams, A. (2009). The US military and public diplomacy. In Toward a New Public Diplomacy (pp. 217-237). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mert Ünlü

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünlü, M. (2022). ABD’nin Afganistan’da Kamu Diplomasisi ve Güvenlik Uygulama Örnekleri. Avrasya Dosyası, 13(1), 164-191.