Maternal Obezite ve Mikrobiyota

Yıl 2023, , 43 - 51, 30.05.2023

Berna Betül Cihan , Tuğba Küçükkasap Cömert

https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1087912

Öz

Obezite, dünya genelinde “salgın” statüsüne ulaşan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmektedir. Gebelerde oluşan obezite durumu ise preeklampsi ve gestasyonel diyabet riski ile ilişkilendirilmekte ve yetişkin yaşamda insüline bağımlı olmayan diyabet ve metabolik sendrom riskini artırdığına dikkat çekilmektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyomu, bireyin metabolizmasının ve genel sağlığının kritik bir bileşenidir. Maternal obezite ve gebelik sürecinde de vücut ağırlığı artışı, gebelik ve laktasyon döneminde bağırsak ve anne sütü mikrobiyota kompozisyonunu, çeşitliliğini etkilemektedir. Perinatal dönemde, gebelik ilerledikçe inflamatuar ve bağışıklık değişiklikleri ile annenin bağırsak fonksiyonu ve bakteri kompozisyonunu değişmektedir. Obez gebeliklerde intestinal disbiyozis geliştiği bildirilmiştir. Gelişen intestinal disbiyozisin kolonositler için enerji kaynağı olan kısa zincirli yağ asidi üretimini etkileyerek, anne karnındaki bebeğin gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek metabolik değişimlere neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca bu tür mikrobiyal değişiklikler, bebek mikrobiyal kolonizasyonunu ve bağışıklık sistemi olgunlaşmasını da etkileyerek doğum ve emzirme sırasında bebeklere aktarılabilmektedir. Perinatal ve erken postnatal dönemde probiyotik destekleri anne ve bebek intestinal mikrobiyota kompozisyonunun düzenlenmesi için önerilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maternal Obezite, Mikrobiyota, Probiyotik, Gebelik, Diyet Yağ

Kaynakça

• Abenavoli L. (2019). Gut Microbiota and Obesity: A Role for Probiotics. Nutrients, 11: 2690.
• Asgharian H, Homayouni‑Rad A, Mirghafourv and M, Mohammad‑ Alizadeh‑ Charandabi S. (2020). Effect of Probiotic Yoghurt on Plasma Glucose in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 259: 205–215.
• Benny PA. et al. (2021). Placentas Delivered by Pre-Pregnant Obese Women Have Reduced Abundance and Diversity in the Microbiome. The FASEB Journal, 35: 21524.
• Bruce-Keller AJ, Fernandez-Kim S-O, Townsend RL, Kruger C, Carmouche R, Newman S, et al. (2017). Maternal Obese-Type Gut Microbiota Differentially Impact Cognition, Anxiety and Compulsive Behavior in Male and Female Offspring in Mice. PLoS ONE, 12(4): 0175577.
• Buffington SA, DiPrisco GV, Auchtung TA, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Costa-Mattioli M. (2016). Microbial Reconstitution Reverses Maternal Diet-Induced Social and Synaptic Deficits in Offspring. Cell, 165: 1762–1775.
• Calatayud M, Koren O, Collado MC. (2019). Maternal Microbiome and Metabolic Health Program Microbiome Development and Health of The Offspring. A Cell Press Journal, 30: 10.
• Callaway LK. et. al. (2019). Probiotics for The Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Women: Findings From the SPRING Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care.
• Dawe JP. et. al. (2020). Probiotics and Maternal Mental Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial among Pregnant Women with Obesity. Scientific Reports, 10: 1291.
• Galley JD, Bailey M, Kamp Dush C, Schoppe-Sullivan S, Christian LM. (2014). Maternal Obesity Is Associated with Alterations in the Gut Microbiome in Toddlers. PLoS ONE, 9(11): 113026.
• Garcia-Mantrana I, Collado MC. (2016). Obesity and Overweight: Impact on Maternal and Milk Microbiome and their Role for Infant Health and Nutrition. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research.
• Gomez-Arango LF, Barrett HL, McIntyre HD, Callaway LK, Morrison M, Nitert MD. (2016). Connections Between the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Hormones in Early Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Women. Diabetes, 65: 2214–2223.
• Guo Y, Wang Z, Chen L, Tang L, Wen S, Liu Y, Yuan J. (2018). Diet Induced Maternal Obesity Affects Offspring Gut Microbiota, Which Persists Into Young Adulthood. Food Funct.
• Halkjaer SI. et al. (2016). Effects of Probiotics (Vivomixx®) in Obese Pregnant Women and Their Newborn: Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Trial. Trials, 17: 491.
• Halkjær SI. et al. (2020). Multistrain Probiotic Increases The Gut Microbiota Diversity in Obese Pregnant Women: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Curr Dev Nutr. 4: 095.
• Hallam MC, et al. (2014). Maternal High-Protein or High-Prebiotic-Fiber Diets Affect Maternal Milk Composition and Gut Microbiota in Rat Damsand Their Offspring. Obesity, 22: 2344–2351.
• Hasebe K, Kendig MD, Morris MJ. (2021). Mechanisms Underlying the Cognitive and Behavioural Effects of Maternal Obesity. Nutrients, 13: 240.
• Laursen MF, Andersen LBB, Michaelsen KF, Mølgaard C, Trolle E, Bahl MI, Licht TR. (2016). Infant Gut Microbiota Development is Driven by Transition to Family Foods Independent of Maternal Obesity. M Sphere, 1(1): 00069-15.
• LeMay-Nedjelski L. et al. (2020). Examining The Relationship Between Maternal Body Size, Gestational Glucose Tolerance Status, Mode of Delivery and Ethnicity on Human Milk Microbiota at Three Months Post-Partum. BMC Microbiology, 20: 219.
• Maher SE, et al. (2020). The Association between The Maternal Dietand The Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Br J Nutr,4: 1-29.
• Mokkala K, et al. (2020). Metagenomics Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Response to Diet Intervention and Gestational Diabetes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Gut, 0: 1–10.
• Mokkala K, Vahlberg T, Houttu N, Koivuniemi E, Lahti L, Laitinen K. (2021). Impact of Combined Consumption of Fish Oil and Probiotics on The Serum Metabolome in Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity. E Bio Medicine, 73: 103655.
• Okesene-Gafa KAM. et. al. (2019). Effect of Antenatal Dietary Interventions in MaternalObesity on Pregnancy Weight-Gain and Birthweight: HealthyMums and Babies (HUMBA) Randomized Trial. Am J ObstetGynecol, 1: 1.
• Pellonper O, Mokkala K, Houttu N, Vahlberg T, Koivuniemi E, Tertti K, Ronnemaa T, Laitinen K. (2019). Efficacy of Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an At-Risk Group of Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care, 42: 1009–1017.
• Rubaye HA, et. al. (2021). The Role of Maternal Diet on Offspring Gut Microbiota Development: A Review. J Neurosci Res, 99(1): 284-293.
• Ruebel ML, Gilley SP, Sims CR, Zhong Y, Turner D, Chintapalli SV, Piccolo BD, Andres A, Shankar K. (2021). Associations between Maternal Diet, Body Compositionand Gut Microbial Ecology in Pregnancy. Nutrients, 13: 3295.
• Soderborg TK. et. al. (2018). The Gut Microbiota in Infants of Obese Mothers Increases Inflammation and Susceptibilityto NAFLD. Nature Communıcatıons, 9: 4462.
• Taddei CR, Cortez RV, Rosiane Mattar R, Torloni MR, Daher S. (2018). Microbiome in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Literature Overview. Am J Reprod Immunol, 12993.
• Vähämiko S, Laiho A, Lund R, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Laitinen K. (2018). The Impact of Probiotic Supplementation During Pregnancy on DNA Methylation of Obesity-Related Genes in Mothers and Their Children. European Journal of Nutrition.
• Wang CC, Tung YT, Chang HC, Lin CH, Chen YC. (2020). Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Newborn Birth Weight for Mother with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 12: 3477.
• Zhou, L. ve Xiao, X. (2018). The Role of Gut Microbiota in The Effects of Maternal Obesity During Pregnancy on Offspring Metabolism. Bioscience Reports, 38: 1-14.