Günümüz Pandemisi COVID-19’un Laboratuvar Tanı Yöntemleri

Öz

Bu derleme, Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde yeni bir korona virüs türünden (SARS-CoV-2) kaynaklanan vekısa bir süre içinde pandemiye sebep olan, Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu Koronavirüs Hastalığı 19 (Covid-19)’ unlaboratuvar teşhis metotları ile ilgili bilgi vermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Global olarak ciddi bir tahribata yol açanCovid-19 pandemisini önleyebilmek adına, hassas ve spesifik laboratuvar teşhis metotlarının geliştirilmesi, vakalarınhızlı ve güvenilir şekilde tanımlanabilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Tüm viral hastalıkların tanısında olguğu gibi Covid-19’un tanısı için de moleküler ve serolojik testler kullanılmaktadır. Doğru ve güvenilir test sonuçları için, serolojikyanıt ve hastalığın evresi göz önünde bulundurularak, hangi testin yapılması gerektiğine karar verilmektedir. Virüs pikkonsantrasyonuna enfeksiyon başladıktan sonraki 5. günde ulaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle virüs, hastalığın başlangıcındansonraki yedi güne kadar nazofarenksten alınan örneklerde, PCR testi ile kolayca tespit edilebilir. Ülkemizde RNA’yabağlı RNA polimeraz (RdRp) gen fragmanını hedefleyen gerçek zamanlı PCR tabanlı analiz metodu, Covid-19 hastalığınıteşhis etmek üzere rutin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Covid-19 tanısına yönelik PCR tabanlı analiz işlemleri için idealnumuneler; nazofarenks ve/veya orofarenksten alınan sürüntü örnekleri ve pnömonili hastalarda bronkoalveolarlavaj sıvısı ile balgam örnekleridir. Ayrıca, Covid-19’un serolojik olarak teşhis edilebilmesi için spike proteinlerinin verekombinant nükleokapsid proteini tespitini sağlayan ELISA kitleri ve nazofarengeal sekresyonlardaki antikorların yada viral bileşenlerin tespiti amacıyla geliştirilen hızlı tanı kitleri kullanılmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) Covid-19tanısında hızlı antijen ve antikor testlerinin kullanımını sürveyans çalışmaları için tavsiye etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Moleküler
• SARS-Cov-2
• Serolojik

Laboratory Diagnosis Methods of Today’s Pandemic COVID-19

Öz

This review is based on the laboratory diagnostic methods of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusDisease 19 (Covid-19) caused by a new type of corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, causing apandemic in a short time. It is prepared to provide relevant information. In order to prevent the Covid-19 pandemic,which causes a serious global destruction, the development of sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methodsis crucial to identify cases quickly and reliably. Molecular and serological tests are used for the diagnosis of Covid-19as in the diagnosis of all viral diseases. For accurate and reliable test results, it is decided which test should be doneby considering the serological response and the stage of the disease. The virus reaches its peak concentration onthe 5th day after infection begins. Therefore, the virus can be easily detected in the samples from the nasopharynxup to seven days after the onset of the disease by PCR testing. In our country, real-time PCR-based analysis methodtargeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene fragment is routinely used to diagnose Covid-19 disease.For the diagnosis of Covid-19; ideal samples for PCR-based analysis procedures are; swab samples taken from thenasopharynx and / or oropharynx and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum samples in patients with pneumonia.Besides, for the serological diagnose of Covid-19; ELISA kits that provide detection of spike proteins and recombinantnucleocapsid protein and rapid diagnostic kits have been developed to detect the antibodies or viral components innasopharyngeal secretions The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of rapid antigen and antibodytests for the diagnosis of Covid-19 for surveillance studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Molecular
• SARS-Cov-2
• Serological

Kaynakça

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