Investigation of Quality of Life and Experienced Symptoms in Women with Breast Cancer Before, During and After Radiotherapy

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 21 - 29, 29.01.2021

Özgül Karayurt Figen Erol Ursavaş Saadet Çömez Özlem Bilik Zümre Arıcan Alıcıkuş Nebahat Ertuğrul

Öz

Determining the symptoms in the radiotherapy (RT) process increases the quality of life by contributing to the determination of the priorities of the nurses to meet the needs of the patients and the planning of the nursing interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the symptoms seen before, during and after RT in breast cancer patients and to evaluate the quality of life. The descriptive, longitudinal and prospective type of study consisted of 57 patients who met the sampling criteria between February 2013 and October 2014. The data of the study were collected before, during and after RT in the radiation oncology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Izmir province. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using patient information form, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, Memorial SymptomAssessment Scale and Multidimensional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed by number, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Friedman test. In the study, the first two symptoms that our patients experienced most frequently during the RT were fatigue/loss of energy and sweating. The most disturbing symptom was sweating before, during and after RT. In our study, it was found that there was a significant difference in general physical well-being (p=.049) and nutrition (p=.024) subscales of our patients' quality of life scale before, during and afterRT (p<.05), It was determined that the average of points increased after RT. In this study, the most common symptoms before, during and after RT were fatigue/loss of energy, sweating and skin changes. It was found that the quality of life of the patients differed in physical wellbeing and nutrition sub-dimensions before, during and after radiotherapy. Physical well-being and nutrition subscales scores average were found higher in during and after RT. The data obtained from this study can increase awareness of the symptoms caused by RT treatment and contribute to the development of specific care goals and increasing the quality of life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breast Cancer, Quality of Life, Radiotherapy, Symptom

Meme Kanserli Kadınlarda Radyoterapi Öncesi, Sırası ve Sonrası Deneyimlenen Semptomların ve Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Radyoterapi (RT) sürecinde semptomların belirlenmesi hemşirelerin hastaların gereksinimlerini karşılamak için önceliklerinin saptanmasınave hemşirelik girişimlerinin planlanmasına katkı sağlayarak yaşam kalitesini arttırmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, meme kanseri nedeniyle RTuygulanan kadın hastalarda RT öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında görülen semptomları tanımlamak ve yaşam kalitesini incelemektir. Tanımlayıcı,longitidunal ve prospektif tipte olan araştırmanın örneklemini Şubat 2013-Ekim 2014 tarihleri arasında örneklem ölçütlerini karşılayan 57 hastaoluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri İzmir ilinde bir üniversite hastanesinin radyasyon onkolojisi polikliniğinde RT öncesi, sırası ve sonrasındatoplanmıştır. Veriler, hasta bilgi formu, Karnofsky Performans Durumu Ölçeği, Memorial Semptom Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu YaşamKalitesi Ölçeği kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma ve Friedman testi ileanaliz edilmiştir. Çalışmada hastaların RT sürecinde en sık ve en şiddetli yaşadıkları ilk iki semptomun halsizlik/enerji kaybı ve terleme olduğusaptanmıştır. Hastalara en çok rahatsızlık veren semptomun ise RT öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında terleme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadahastaların yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin genel fiziksel iyilik (p=.049) ve beslenme (p=.024) alt boyutlarında RT öncesi, sırası ve sonrası arasındaistatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu (p<.05), puan ortalamalarının RT sonrasında yükseldiği saptanmıştır. Bu araştırmada RT öncesi,sırası ve sonrasında en yaygın görülen semptomların, halsizlik/enerji kaybı, terleme ve deri değişiklikleri olduğu görülmüştür. Hastalarınyaşam kalitesinin RT öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında fiziksel iyilik ve beslenme alt boyutlarında farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Fiziksel iyilikve beslenme alt boyutlarında RT sonrasında puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler RTtedavisinin neden olduğu semptomlar hakkında farkındalığın arttırılmasını sağlayarak, belirli bakım hedeflerinin geliştirilmesine ve yaşamkalitesinin arttırılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meme kanseri, Radyoterapi, Semptom, Yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

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