Spinal Kord Yaralanmasında Probiyotik ve Prebiyotiklerin Etkisi: Mini Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 136 - 142, 31.05.2025

Fatma Elif Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1483725

Öz

Probiyotik ve prebiyotikler, bağırsak mikrobiyotasındaki popülasyonu düzenleyerek, bağırsak epitel bariyer fonksiyonunu stabilize etmekte ve sistemik bağışıklık tepkilerini modüle ederek mukozal homeostazı etkilemektedir. Buna bağlı olarak son yıllarda fermente besinler, probiyotik ve prebiyotiklere olan ilgi tüm dünyada oldukça artmıştır. Spinal kord yaralanmasında (SKY) bağırsak fonksiyonlarının değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. SKY sonrasında hastalarda özellikle nörojenik bağırsak disfonksiyonu (NBD) çok yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Bu durum ile birlikte görülen diyare ve kabızlık, rehabilitasyon süresini, basınç ülseri gelişme riskini ve yara iyileşmesinin gecikmesini artırarak yaşam kalitesini düşürebilmektedir. Son zamanlarda bağırsak mikrobiyotasındaki değişiklik, bu hastalığın seyrinde olumlu bir etki bırakmaktadır. Bu hastaların diyetinde probiyotik ve prebiyotiklerin alınması bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşimini değiştirebilmektedir. Bu derleme SKY’li bireylerde probiyotik ve prebiyotiklerin ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spinal Kord Yaralanması , Nörojenik Bağırsak Disfonksiyonu , Probiyotik , Mikrobiyota

Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Spinal Cord Injury: A Mini Review

Öz

Kaynakça

• Ahuja CS, Wilson JR, Nori S, Kotter M, Druschel C, Curt A, Fehlings MG. (2017). Traumatic spinal cord injury. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3(1): 1-21.
• Bagchi T. (2014). Traditional food & modern lifestyle: Impact of probiotics. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 140(3): 333-335.
• Bazzocchi G, Turroni S, Bulzamini MC, D’Amico, F, Bava A. Castiglioni M, Cagnetta V, Losavi E, Cazzaniga M, Terenghi L. (2021). Changes in gut microbiota in the acute phase after spinal cord injury correlate with severity of the lesion. Scientific Reports, 11(1):12743.
• Cannon J, Lee T, Bolanos J, Danziger L. (2005). Pathogenic relevance of Lactobacillus: a retrospective review of over 200 cases. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 24:31-40.
• Capozzi V, Fragasso, M, Romaniello R, Berbegal C, Russo P, Spano, G. (2017). Spontaneous food fermentations and potential risks for human health. Fermentation, 3(4): 49.
• Cheng LH, Liu, YW, Wu CC, Wang S, Tsai, YC. (2019). Psychobiotics in mental health, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Food And Drug Analysis, 27(3):632-648.
• Coman V, Vodnar, DC. (2020). Gut microbiota and old age: Modulating factors and interventions for healthy longevity. Experimental Gerontology, 141:111095.
• Cozma-Petruţ, A, Loghin, F, Miere, D, Dumitraşcu, DL. (2017). Diet in irritable bowel syndrome: What to recommend, not what to forbid to patients! World Journal of Gastroenterology, 23(21):3771.
• Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Sandhu K, Peterson V, Dinan TG. (2020). The gut microbiome in neurological disorders. The Lancet Neurology, 19(2):179-194.
• De Simone C. (2019). The unregulated probiotic market. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 17(5):809-817.
• Du J, Zayed, AA, Kigerl, KA, Zane, K, Sullivan, MB,Popovich, PG. (2021). Spinal cord injury changes the structure and functional potential of gut bacterial and viral communities. Msystems, 6(3):10.1128/msystems. 01356-01320.
• Forchheimer M, Meade MA, Tate D, Cameron AP, Rodriguez G, DiPonio, L. (2016). Self-report of behaviors to manage neurogenic bowel and bladder by individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: frequency and associated outcomes. Topics in Spinal Cord İnjury Rehabilitation, 22(2): 85-98.
• Gungor B, Adiguzel E, Gursel I, Yilmaz B, Gursel M. (2016). Intestinal microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury. PLoS One, 11(1): e0145878.
• Han D, Zulewska, J, Xiong K, Yang, Z. (2022). Synergy between oligosaccharides and probiotics: From metabolic properties to beneficial effects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-23.
• Ibrahim SA, Yeboah, PJ, Ayivi RD, Eddin AS, Wijemanna ND. Paidari S, Bakhshayesh, RV. (2023). A review and comparative perspective on health benefits of probiotic and fermented foods. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 58(10):4948-4964.
• Ji J, Jin, W, Liu SJ, Jiao Z, Li X. (2023). Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease. Med Comm, 4(6): e420.
• Jing Y, Bai F, Yu Y. (2021). Spinal cord injury and gut microbiota: A review. Life Sciences, 266: 118865.
• Jing Y, Yang D, Bai F, Wang Q, Zhang C, Yan Y, Yu Y. (2023). Spinal cordinjury-induced gut dysbiosis influences neurological recovery partly through short-chain fatty acids. Biofilms and Microbiomes, 9(1):99.
• Johns JS, Krogh K, Ethans K, Chi J, Querée M, Eng JJ, Team, SCIRE. (2021). Pharmacological management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction after spinal cord injury and multiplesclerosis: a systematic review and clinical implications. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4):882.
• Kigerl KA, Hall JC, Wang L, Mo X, Yu Z, Popovich PG. (2016). Gut dysbiosis impairs recovery after spinal cord injury. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 213(12): 2603-2620.
• Kigerl KA, Mostacada K, Popovich PG. (2018). Gut microbiota are disease-modifying factors after traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics, 15(1): 60-67.
• Kigerl KA, Popovich, PG. (2022). Spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. In Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury, 435-444.
• Koirala S, Anal AK. (2021). Probiotics-based foods and beverages as future foods and their overall safety and regulatory claims. Future Foods, 3: 100013.
• Merritt CH, Taylor, MA, Yelton, CJ, Ray, SK. (2019). Economic impact of traumatic spinal cord injuries in the United States. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, 6.
• O’Mahony, SM, Clarke G. Borre Y, Dinan, TG, Cryan J. (2015). Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behavioural Brain Research, 277: 32- 48.
• Özişler Z, Tel Adıgüzel K. (2022). Spinal Kord Yaralanmalı Bireylerde Nörojenik Bağırsak Disfonksiyonu ile Beslenme Arasındaki İlişki. Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences, 25(1).
• Panther EJ, Dodd W, Clark A, Lucke-Wold B. (2022). Gastrointestinal microbiome and neurologic injury. Biomedicines, 10(2):500.
• Pires JM, Ferreira AM, Rocha F, Andrade LG, Campos I, Margalho P, Laíns J. (2018). Assessment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction impact after spinal cord injury using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54(6): 873-879.
• Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. (2019). Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 16(10): 605-616.
• Sarkar A, Lehto SM, Harty S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Burnet PW. (2016). Psychobiotics and the manipulation of bacteria– gut–brain signals. Trends in Neurosciences, 39(11):763- 781.
• Sori N, Khan, M. (2024). Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) and Ferulic Acid Esterase (FAE) Producing Psychobiotic Bacteria Isolated from Cereal-Based Fermented Food. Current Microbiology, 81(2):1-14.
• Stoffel JT, Van der Aa, F, Wittmann, D, Yande S, Elliott S. (2018). Neurogenic bowel management for the adult spinal cord injury patient. World Journal of Urology, 36: 1587-1592.
• Strandwitz P. (2018). Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota. Brain Research, 1693:128-133.
• Tate DG, Forchheimer M, Rodriguez G, Chiodo A, Cameron AP, Meade M, Krassioukov A. (2016). Risk factors associated with neurogenic bowel complications and dysfunction in spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(10):1679-1686.
• Valido E, Bertolo A, Fränkl, GP, Itodo OA, Pinheiro T, Pannek J, Kopp-Heim, D, Glisic M, Stoyanov J. (2022). Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence. Spinal Cord, 60(4):288-300.
• Vigil HR, Hickling, DR. (2016). Urinary tract infection in the neurogenic bladder. Translational Andrology and Urology, 5(1):72.
• WHO. (2015). WHO’s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths. In: World Health Organization.
• Wong S, Santullo P, Hirani, S, Kumar N, Chowdhury J García- Forcada, A, Recio, M, Paz F, Zobina I, Kolli S. (2017). Use of antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries: an international, multi-centre study. Journal of Hospital Infection, 97(2):146-152.
• Yeung HY, Iyer P, Pryor J, Nicholson M. (2021). Dietary management of neurogenic bowel in adults with spinal cord injury: an integrative review of literature. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(9):1208-1219.