Araştırma Makalesi
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AKADEMİK GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ: BİREYSEL VE ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN ROLÜ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 591 - 620, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1330636

Öz

Akademik girişimcilik bilim insanlarının araştırmalarını sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan fayda sağlamak için ticarileştirme faaliyetleridir. Akademik girişimciliğin önemi artmakla beraber akademik girişimciliği belirleyen faktörler üzerine olan araştırmaların gerekliliği devam etmektedir. Bu sebeple, mevcut çalışma akademik girişimcilik niyeti ile belirleyici faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi gelişmekte olan bir ülke ve şehir özelinde incelemektedir. Bu araştırmanın başlıca amacı akademisyenlerin girişimcilik niyetlerine etki eden bireysel (psikolojik faktörler, insan sermayesi ve sosyal sermaye) ve çevresel (iş ortamı, pazar ve bilgi engelleri) faktörleri analiz etmektir. Akademik girişimcilik literatüründeki bilgiler ışığında mevcut çalışma bütünsel bir perspektifle bireysel ve çevresel faktörleri bir arada incelemektedir. Araştırma 2022 yılında Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi bünyesinde fakültelerde görev yapan 348 akademik personel ile yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yaratıcılık, algılanan fayda ve kendine güven gibi psikolojik faktörlerin, girişimcilik üzerine aldığı eğitimi ve deneyimi içeren insan sermayesinin ve çevreleriyle iletişimi ve yakın bağlarını içeren sosyal sermayenin girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan çevresel faktörlerden olan, olumlu iş ortamının ve pazar engellerinin akademisyenlerin girişimcilik niyetine anlamlı etkisi görülmezken, bilgi engellerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, girişimcilik niyetinin oluşmasında bireysel faktörler kadar çevresel faktörlerin de etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Etik Beyan

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulundan 04.03.2022 tarihli ve E-36763901-044-140256 sayı numaralı izin alınmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Abreu, M. & Grinevich, V. (2013). The nature of academic entrepreneurship in the UK: Widening the focus on entrepreneurial activities. Research Policy, 42(2), 408-422.
  • Abedelrahim, S. (2020). Academic entrepreneurship in Sudanese universities: explaining entrepreneurial intention using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 315-327.
  • Ahmad, S.Z. (2012). Micro, small and medium‐sized enterprises development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Problems and constraints. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 217-232.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  • Aldrich, H. & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. Sexton and R. Smilor (Eds.), The art and science of entrepreneurship, (pp. 3-23). Ballinger, Cambridge, MA.
  • Amanamah, R.B. (2018). Barriers to entrepreneurial intention among university students in Ghana. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 6(1), 29-43.
  • Ambrose, M.L. & Kulik, C. (1999). Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25(3), 231-292.
  • Arrighetti, A., Caricati, L., Landini, F. & Monacelli, N. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention in the time of crisis: A field study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(6), 835-859.
  • Autio, E., Keeley, R., Klofsten, M., Parker, G. & Hay, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and in the USA. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, 2(2), 145-160.
  • Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41.
  • Barbara, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
  • Becker, G.S. (1964). Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis with a special reference to education. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bénabou, R. & Tirole, J. (2002). Self-confidence and personal motivation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), 871-915.
  • Bird, B.J. (1992). The operation of intentions in time: the emergence of the new venture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 11-20.
  • Boukamcha, F. (2015). Impact of training on entrepreneurial intention: An interactive cognitive perspective. European Business Review, 27(6), 593-616.
  • Brennan, M.C. & McGowan, P. (2006). Academic entrepreneurship: An exploratory case study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 12(3), 144-164.
  • Bruton, G.D., Ahlstrom, D. & Obloj, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship in emerging economies: where are we today and where should the research go in the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32(1), 1-14.
  • Campbell, C.A. (1992). A decision theory model for entrepreneurial acts. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 21-27.
  • Capelleras, J.L., Mole, K., Greene, F. & Storey, D. (2008). Do more heavily regulated economies have poorer performing new ventures? Evidence from Britain and Spain. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 688-704.
  • Carlsson, B. ve Fridh, A.C. (2002). Technology transfer in United States universities. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 12(1), 199-232.
  • Clarysse, B., Tartari, V. & Salter, A. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurial capacity, experience and organizational support on academic entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40(8), 1084-1093.
  • Dalmarco, G., Hulsink, W. & Blois, G.V. (2018). Creating entrepreneurial universities in an emerging economy: Evidence from Brazil. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 99-111.
  • Davey, T., Rossano, S. & Sijde, P. (2016). Does context matter in academic entrepreneurship? The role of barriers and drivers in the regional and national context. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41, 1457-1482.
  • Dietz, J.S. & Bozeman, B. (2005). Academic careers, patents, and productivity: Industry experience as scientific and technical human capital. Research Policy, 34(3), 349-367.
  • Douglas, E.J. & Fitzsimmons, J.R. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 431-440.
  • Douglas, E.J. & Shepherd, D. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 231-251.
  • Douglas, E.J. & Shepherd, D. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 81-90.
  • Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. Harper and Row, New York.
  • Etzkowitz, H. (1983). Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science. Minerva, 198-233.
  • Fayolle, A. & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93.
  • Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A. & Paço, A. (2012). A model of entrepreneurial intention: An application of the psychological and behavioral approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 424-440.
  • Feola, R., Vesci, M., Botti, A. & Parente, R. (2019). The determinants of entrepreneurial intention of young researchers: Combining the theory of planned behavior with the triple helix model. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(4), 1424-1443.
  • Fini, R., Lacetera, N. & Shane, S. (2010). Inside or outside the IP system? Business creation in academia. Research Policy, 39(8), 1060-1069.
  • Fischer, B.B., Marcondes de Moraes, G. & Schaeffer, P. (2019). Universities’ institutional settings and academic entrepreneurship: Notes from a developing country. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, 243-252.
  • Foo, M., Knockaert, M., Chan, E. & Erikson, T. (2016). The individual environment nexus: Impact of promotion focus and the environment on academic scientists’ entrepreneurial intentions. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 63(2), 213-222.
  • Gartner, W.B. (1989). "Who is an entrepreneur" is the wrong question. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13, 47-68.
  • Giacomin, O., Jansen, F., Pruett, M., Shinnar, R., Llopis, F. & Toney, B. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions, motivations and barriers: differences among American, Asian and European students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 219-238.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hamidi, D.Y., Wennberg, K. & Berglund, H. (2008). Creativity in entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 304-320.
  • Hayter, C.S., Nelson, A.J., Zayed, S. & O’Conno, A.C. (2018). Conceptualizing academic entrepreneurship ecosystems: A review, analysis and extension of the literature. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 1039-1082.
  • Hisrich, R.D. & Peters, M.P. (2002). Entrepreneurship. USA: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  • Huyghe, A. & Knockaert, M. (2015). The influence of organizational culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions among research scientists. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40, 138-160.
  • Katz, J.A. (1992). A psychosocial cognitive model of employment status choice. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 29-37.
  • Kebaili, B., Al-Subyae, S. & Al-Qahtan, F. (2017). Barriers of entrepreneurial intention among Qatari male students. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(4), 833-849.
  • Kim, P.H. & Aldrich, H. (2005). Social capital and entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 55-104.
  • Klofsten, M. & Jones-Evans, D. (2000). Comparing academic entrepreneurship in Europe - the case of Sweden and Ireland. Small Business Economics, 14(4), 299-309.
  • Krabel, S. & Mueller, P. (2009). What drives scientists to start their own company?: An empirical investigation of Max Planck Society scientists. Research Policy, 38(6), 947-956.
  • Krueger, J. & Carsrud, A. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330.
  • Krueger, N., Reilly, M. & Carsrud, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5/6), 411-432.
  • Landry, R., Amara, N. & Rherrad, I. (2006). Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities. Research Policy, 35(10), 1599-1615.
  • Lin, N. (2002). Social capital: a theory of social structure and action (Vol. 19). Cambridge University Press.
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ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 591 - 620, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1330636

Öz

Academic entrepreneurship is the commercialization of scientists’ research to benefit socially and economically. Even though the importance of academic entrepreneurship is increasing, the necessity of research on the antecedents that determine academic entrepreneurship continues. For this reason, this study examines the antecedents of academic entrepreneurial intention in an emerging country and city. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the individual (psychological factors, human capital, and social capital) and environmental (business environment, market, and information barriers) factors that affect academic entrepreneurial intention. Based on the academic entrepreneurship literature, this research examines individual and environmental factors with a holistic perspective. The data is collected via the face-to-face survey method with 348 academic staff working in the faculties of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University in 2022. The results show that psychological factors such as creativity, perceived usefulness, and self-confidence; human capital, which includes education and experience in entrepreneurship; and social capital, which includes communication and close ties with their environment, have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial intention. While the favorable business environment and market barriers do not significantly affect the academic entrepreneurial intention, the knowledge barriers negatively and significantly affect the entrepreneurial intention.

Kaynakça

  • Abreu, M. & Grinevich, V. (2013). The nature of academic entrepreneurship in the UK: Widening the focus on entrepreneurial activities. Research Policy, 42(2), 408-422.
  • Abedelrahim, S. (2020). Academic entrepreneurship in Sudanese universities: explaining entrepreneurial intention using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 315-327.
  • Ahmad, S.Z. (2012). Micro, small and medium‐sized enterprises development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Problems and constraints. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 217-232.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  • Aldrich, H. & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. Sexton and R. Smilor (Eds.), The art and science of entrepreneurship, (pp. 3-23). Ballinger, Cambridge, MA.
  • Amanamah, R.B. (2018). Barriers to entrepreneurial intention among university students in Ghana. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 6(1), 29-43.
  • Ambrose, M.L. & Kulik, C. (1999). Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25(3), 231-292.
  • Arrighetti, A., Caricati, L., Landini, F. & Monacelli, N. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention in the time of crisis: A field study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(6), 835-859.
  • Autio, E., Keeley, R., Klofsten, M., Parker, G. & Hay, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and in the USA. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, 2(2), 145-160.
  • Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41.
  • Barbara, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
  • Becker, G.S. (1964). Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis with a special reference to education. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bénabou, R. & Tirole, J. (2002). Self-confidence and personal motivation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), 871-915.
  • Bird, B.J. (1992). The operation of intentions in time: the emergence of the new venture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 11-20.
  • Boukamcha, F. (2015). Impact of training on entrepreneurial intention: An interactive cognitive perspective. European Business Review, 27(6), 593-616.
  • Brennan, M.C. & McGowan, P. (2006). Academic entrepreneurship: An exploratory case study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 12(3), 144-164.
  • Bruton, G.D., Ahlstrom, D. & Obloj, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship in emerging economies: where are we today and where should the research go in the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32(1), 1-14.
  • Campbell, C.A. (1992). A decision theory model for entrepreneurial acts. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 21-27.
  • Capelleras, J.L., Mole, K., Greene, F. & Storey, D. (2008). Do more heavily regulated economies have poorer performing new ventures? Evidence from Britain and Spain. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 688-704.
  • Carlsson, B. ve Fridh, A.C. (2002). Technology transfer in United States universities. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 12(1), 199-232.
  • Clarysse, B., Tartari, V. & Salter, A. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurial capacity, experience and organizational support on academic entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40(8), 1084-1093.
  • Dalmarco, G., Hulsink, W. & Blois, G.V. (2018). Creating entrepreneurial universities in an emerging economy: Evidence from Brazil. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 99-111.
  • Davey, T., Rossano, S. & Sijde, P. (2016). Does context matter in academic entrepreneurship? The role of barriers and drivers in the regional and national context. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41, 1457-1482.
  • Dietz, J.S. & Bozeman, B. (2005). Academic careers, patents, and productivity: Industry experience as scientific and technical human capital. Research Policy, 34(3), 349-367.
  • Douglas, E.J. & Fitzsimmons, J.R. (2011). Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 431-440.
  • Douglas, E.J. & Shepherd, D. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 231-251.
  • Douglas, E.J. & Shepherd, D. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 81-90.
  • Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. Harper and Row, New York.
  • Etzkowitz, H. (1983). Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science. Minerva, 198-233.
  • Fayolle, A. & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75-93.
  • Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A. & Paço, A. (2012). A model of entrepreneurial intention: An application of the psychological and behavioral approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 424-440.
  • Feola, R., Vesci, M., Botti, A. & Parente, R. (2019). The determinants of entrepreneurial intention of young researchers: Combining the theory of planned behavior with the triple helix model. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(4), 1424-1443.
  • Fini, R., Lacetera, N. & Shane, S. (2010). Inside or outside the IP system? Business creation in academia. Research Policy, 39(8), 1060-1069.
  • Fischer, B.B., Marcondes de Moraes, G. & Schaeffer, P. (2019). Universities’ institutional settings and academic entrepreneurship: Notes from a developing country. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, 243-252.
  • Foo, M., Knockaert, M., Chan, E. & Erikson, T. (2016). The individual environment nexus: Impact of promotion focus and the environment on academic scientists’ entrepreneurial intentions. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 63(2), 213-222.
  • Gartner, W.B. (1989). "Who is an entrepreneur" is the wrong question. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13, 47-68.
  • Giacomin, O., Jansen, F., Pruett, M., Shinnar, R., Llopis, F. & Toney, B. (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions, motivations and barriers: differences among American, Asian and European students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 219-238.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hamidi, D.Y., Wennberg, K. & Berglund, H. (2008). Creativity in entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 304-320.
  • Hayter, C.S., Nelson, A.J., Zayed, S. & O’Conno, A.C. (2018). Conceptualizing academic entrepreneurship ecosystems: A review, analysis and extension of the literature. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 1039-1082.
  • Hisrich, R.D. & Peters, M.P. (2002). Entrepreneurship. USA: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  • Huyghe, A. & Knockaert, M. (2015). The influence of organizational culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions among research scientists. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40, 138-160.
  • Katz, J.A. (1992). A psychosocial cognitive model of employment status choice. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 29-37.
  • Kebaili, B., Al-Subyae, S. & Al-Qahtan, F. (2017). Barriers of entrepreneurial intention among Qatari male students. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(4), 833-849.
  • Kim, P.H. & Aldrich, H. (2005). Social capital and entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 55-104.
  • Klofsten, M. & Jones-Evans, D. (2000). Comparing academic entrepreneurship in Europe - the case of Sweden and Ireland. Small Business Economics, 14(4), 299-309.
  • Krabel, S. & Mueller, P. (2009). What drives scientists to start their own company?: An empirical investigation of Max Planck Society scientists. Research Policy, 38(6), 947-956.
  • Krueger, J. & Carsrud, A. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330.
  • Krueger, N., Reilly, M. & Carsrud, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5/6), 411-432.
  • Landry, R., Amara, N. & Rherrad, I. (2006). Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities. Research Policy, 35(10), 1599-1615.
  • Lin, N. (2002). Social capital: a theory of social structure and action (Vol. 19). Cambridge University Press.
  • Liñán, F. & Chen, Y.W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
  • Lowe, R.A. & Gonzalez-Brambila, C. (2007). Faculty entrepreneurs and research productivity. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 32(3), 173-194.
  • Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
  • Manolova, T., Eunni, R. & Gyoshev, B. (2008). Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 203-218.
  • Martin, S.L. & Javalgi, R. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation, marketing capabilities and performance: The moderating role of competitive intensity on Latin American international new ventures. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2040-2051.
  • Meoili, M. & Vismara, S. (2016). University support and the creation of technology and non-technology academic spin-offs. Small Business Economics, 47, 345-362.
  • Miranda, F., Chamorro-Mera, A. & Rubio, S. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship in Spanish universities: An analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23(2), 113-122.
  • Moog, P., Werner, A., Howeling, S. & Backes-Gellner, U. (2015). The impact of skills, working time allocation and peer effects on the entrepreneurial intentions of scientists. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40(3), 493-511.
  • Mosey, S. & Wright, M. (2007). From human capital to social capital: a longitudinal study of technology-based academic entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(6), 909-935.
  • Muscio, A., Quaglione, D. & Ramaciotti, L. (2016). The effects of university rules on spinoff creation: The case of academia in Italy. Research Policy, 45(7), 1386-1396.
  • Obschonka, M., Goethner, M., Silbereisen, R. & Cantner, U. (2012). Scientists’ transition to academic entrepreneurship: Economic and psychological determinants. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 628-641.
  • Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R., Cantner, U. & Goethner, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial self-identity: Predictors and effects within the theory of planned behavior framework. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(4), 773-794.
  • O’Shea, R., Allen, T.J., O’Gorman, C. & Roche, F. (2004). Universities and technology transfer: A review of academic entrepreneurship literature. Irish Journal of Management, 25(2), 11-29.
  • Otache, I., Edomonyi Edopkolor, J. & Chinonso Okolie, U. (2021). Entrepreneurial self-confidence, perceived desirability and feasibility of hospitality business and entrepreneurial intentions of hospitality management technology students. International Journal of Management Education, 19(2), 100507.
  • Parker, S.C. (2018). The economics of entrepreneurship. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P. & Salter, A. (2013). Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university-industry relations. Research Policy, 42(2), 423-442.
  • Politis, D. (2005). The process of entrepreneurial learning: A conceptual framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 399-424.
  • Rodermund, S.E. (2004). Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(3), 498-518.
  • Schlaegel, C. & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: A meta-analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291-332.
  • Sharma, P. & Chrisman, J.J. (1999). Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(3), 11-28.
  • Stephan, P., Gurmu, S., Sumell, A. & Black, G. (2007). Who's patenting in the university? Evidence from the survey of doctorate recipients. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 16(2), 71-99.
  • Storey, D.J. & Tether, B.S. (1998). New technology-based firms in the European union: An introduction. Research Policy, 26(9), 933-946.
  • Subramaniam, M. & Youndt, M. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450-463.
  • Taras, V., Kirkman, B. & Steel, P. (2010). Examining the impact of Culture's consequences: A three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 405-439.
  • Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P. & Wright, M. (2008). Opportunity identification and pursuit: Does an entrepreneur’s human capital matter? Small Business Economics, 30(2), 153-173.
  • Unger, J., Rauch, A., Frese, M. & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341-358.
  • Vidal-Suñé, A. & Antoni, V.S. (2013). Institutional and economic determinants of the perception of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention. Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research, 26, 75-96.
  • Wright, M., Birley, S. & Mosey, S. (2004). Entrepreneurship and university technology transfer. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 29(3), 235-246.
  • Zampetakis, L. & Moustakis, V. (2006). Linking creativity with entrepreneurial intentions: A structural approach. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(3), 413-428.
  • Zampetakis, L., Kafetsios, K., Bouranta , N., Dewett, T. & Moustakis, V. (2009). On the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 15(6), 595-618.
  • Zampetakis, L., Gotsi, M. & Andriopulos, C. (2011). Creativity and entrepreneurial intention in young people: Empirical insights from business school students. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 12(3), 189-199.
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emine Beyza Aykutoğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7676-706X

Ebru Ozturk 0000-0002-4056-4105

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aykutoğlu, E. B., & Ozturk, E. (2023). AKADEMİK GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ: BİREYSEL VE ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN ROLÜ. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 14(2), 591-620. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1330636