AKADEMİK GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ: BİREYSEL VE ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN ROLÜ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 591 - 620, 30.12.2023

Emine Beyza Aykutoğlu Ebru Ozturk

https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1330636

Öz

Akademik girişimcilik bilim insanlarının araştırmalarını sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan fayda sağlamak için ticarileştirme faaliyetleridir. Akademik girişimciliğin önemi artmakla beraber akademik girişimciliği belirleyen faktörler üzerine olan araştırmaların gerekliliği devam etmektedir. Bu sebeple, mevcut çalışma akademik girişimcilik niyeti ile belirleyici faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi gelişmekte olan bir ülke ve şehir özelinde incelemektedir. Bu araştırmanın başlıca amacı akademisyenlerin girişimcilik niyetlerine etki eden bireysel (psikolojik faktörler, insan sermayesi ve sosyal sermaye) ve çevresel (iş ortamı, pazar ve bilgi engelleri) faktörleri analiz etmektir. Akademik girişimcilik literatüründeki bilgiler ışığında mevcut çalışma bütünsel bir perspektifle bireysel ve çevresel faktörleri bir arada incelemektedir. Araştırma 2022 yılında Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi bünyesinde fakültelerde görev yapan 348 akademik personel ile yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yaratıcılık, algılanan fayda ve kendine güven gibi psikolojik faktörlerin, girişimcilik üzerine aldığı eğitimi ve deneyimi içeren insan sermayesinin ve çevreleriyle iletişimi ve yakın bağlarını içeren sosyal sermayenin girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan çevresel faktörlerden olan, olumlu iş ortamının ve pazar engellerinin akademisyenlerin girişimcilik niyetine anlamlı etkisi görülmezken, bilgi engellerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, girişimcilik niyetinin oluşmasında bireysel faktörler kadar çevresel faktörlerin de etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akademik girişimcilik niyeti, Bireysel faktörler, Çevresel faktörler, Üniversite, Gelişmekte olan ülkeler

Etik Beyan

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulundan 04.03.2022 tarihli ve E-36763901-044-140256 sayı numaralı izin alınmıştır

ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS

Öz

Academic entrepreneurship is the commercialization of scientists’ research to benefit socially and economically. Even though the importance of academic entrepreneurship is increasing, the necessity of research on the antecedents that determine academic entrepreneurship continues. For this reason, this study examines the antecedents of academic entrepreneurial intention in an emerging country and city. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the individual (psychological factors, human capital, and social capital) and environmental (business environment, market, and information barriers) factors that affect academic entrepreneurial intention. Based on the academic entrepreneurship literature, this research examines individual and environmental factors with a holistic perspective. The data is collected via the face-to-face survey method with 348 academic staff working in the faculties of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University in 2022. The results show that psychological factors such as creativity, perceived usefulness, and self-confidence; human capital, which includes education and experience in entrepreneurship; and social capital, which includes communication and close ties with their environment, have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial intention. While the favorable business environment and market barriers do not significantly affect the academic entrepreneurial intention, the knowledge barriers negatively and significantly affect the entrepreneurial intention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Academic entrepreneurial intention, Individual factors, Environmental factors, Universities, Emerging economies

Kaynakça

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