Trafik Kazazedelerinin Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi: Ölümün Kıyısında, Yaşamın Derinliğine Bir Bakış

Öz

Türkiye’de yılda 1,1 milyon trafik kazası gerçekleşmekte ve bu kazalarda her yıl 6 binin üzerinde insanımız hayatını kaybederken 280 binin üzerinde insanımız da yaralanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bu kadar büyük sayıda kayıplara ve yaralanmalara neden olan trafik kazalarını, kaza geçirmiş kişilerinin gözünden trafik psikolojisi bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Son 5 yılda trafik kazası deneyimlemiş ve bundan etkilendiğini belirtmiş 9 katılımcıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tematik analiz sonucunda 4 üst tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlar; “kaza öncesi ve kaza anı durum”, “kazanın etkileri”, “kaza ile baş etme yöntemleri”, ve “kaza sonrası değişimler” temalarıdır. “Kaza öncesi ve kaza anı durum” teması kaza öncesi psikolojik ve fizyolojik durum, kaza anı duyguları, kaza anı davranışları alt temalarından; “kazanın etkileri” teması kazanın psikolojik etkileri, kazanın fiziksel etkileri, kazanın maddi etkileri alt temalarından; “kaza ile baş etme yöntemleri” teması kendini telkin, sosyal veya profesyonel destek, çeşitli aktivitelerle uğraşma alt temalarından; “kaza sonrası değişimler” teması tutum ve atıf değişiklikleri, davranış değişiklikleri alt temalarından oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları değerlendirildiğinde kazanın neden olduğu travmatik deneyimin kaza öncesini gölgede bıraktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kaza anından sonraki sürecin katılımcıları travmatik olarak etkilediği gibi travma sonrası büyüme de sağladığı bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra katılımcıların genel olarak güvenli sürücülüğü benimsemektense kazalarının nedenini atfettikleri davranışa odaklandıkları ve sadece bu davranışı değiştirdikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan temalar alanyazın ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• trafik kazası
• travma
• kaza sonrası değişim
• niteliksel analiz
• tematik analiz

Examination of Traffic Accident Survivors’ Experiences: A Glance to the Depth of Life, on the Edge of Death

Öz

Every year, 1.1 million traffic accidents occur in Türkiye, resulting in over 6,000 fatalities and 280,000 injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the traffic accidents that cause such losses and injuries from the perspectives of traffic psychology and accident survivors. Nine individuals who reported being affected by a traffic accident within the previous five years were interviewed. The thematic analysis yielded 4 super-ordinate themes. These were the “pre-accident and during-accident situations”, “the effects of the accident”, “ways of coping with the accident”, and “post-accident changes”. The “pre-accident and during-accident situation” theme consisted of the sub-themes of psychological and physiological state before the accident, emotions at the moment of the accident, and behavior at the time of the accident; the theme of “the effects of the accident” consisted of the sub-themes of the psychological effects of the accident, the physical effects of the accident, and the material effects of the accident; “ways of coping with the accident” consisted of the sub-themes such as self-suggestion, social or professional support, and dealing with various activities; and “post-accident changes” theme consisted of attitude and attribution changes, and behavioral changes sub-themes. According to the findings, the traumatic accident experience overshadowed the pre-accident phase. The accident moment not only affected the survivors traumatically, but also provided growth. It was concluded that the participants did not adopt safe driving practices generally; instead, they focused on and changed the behavior that they believed caused the accident. The themes were evaluated based on the existing literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• traffic accident
• trauma
• change after accident
• qualitative study
• thematic analysis

Kaynakça

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