Psikoterapide Kültürel Yetkinlikler ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet: Erkek Psikoterapistlerin Mesleki Deneyimleri Üzerine Nitel bir Araştırma

Öz

Psikoterapistlerin mesleki gelişim süreçleri alan yazında ilgi çeken ancak özellikle Türkiye’de görece az çalışılan bir konu olmuştur. Bu süreçlerdeki en önemli gelişim alanlarından biri psikoterapistin kültürel yetkinliği ve bunun bir unsuru olan toplumsal cinsiyet farkındalığıdır. Konuyla ilgili yapılan az sayıda çalışma, özellikle geleneksel erkeklik normlarının psikoterapistlerin mesleki deneyimleri üzerindeki etkilerine işaret etmekte, erkek psikoterapistlerin duygular, otorite, sınırlar gibi konularda yaşadıkları çatışmaları ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’deki çalışmalarda erkekliğin gelişimsel ve toplumsal boyutları detaylı olarak incelense de psikoterapi ve mesleki gelişim bağlamındaki etkilerini inceleyen araştırmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışma, erkek psikoterapistlerin mesleki deneyimlerini toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden incelemeyi, mesleki gelişimlerini destekleyen ve zorlaştıran faktörleri anlamayı, geleneksel erkeklik normlarının mesleki süreçleri nasıl şekillendirdiğini araştırmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu amaçla, yaşları 27-52 arasında ve deneyimleri 3-20 yıl arasında değişen 11 erkek psikoterapistle bireysel ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Verilerin tematik analiz yöntemiyle derinlemesine incelenmesi sonucunda üç ana tema oluşturulmuştur: a) Psikoterapistlik ve erkeklik rollerini dönüştürme, b) Psikoterapi ilişkisindeki zorluklar, c) Meslekten kaynaklı gerilim ve şüpheler. Bulgular, psikoterapistlerin geleneksel erkeklikten uzaklaşarak alternatif bir rol tanımlamaya çalıştığını, bu süreçte ise erkeklikle ilgili yaygın kalıp yargılar ve maddi kaygılar nedeniyle mesleki şüphe ve yetersizlik duyduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, aynı zamanda, psikoterapistlerin özellikle erkek danışanlarla duygularla çalışma konusunda, kadın danışanlarla ise güven ilişkisi kurma ve cinsel tacizle suçlanma korkusu konularında zorluk yaşadığına işaret etmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, Türkiye’de erkek psikoterapistlerin yaşadıkları toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı çatışmalara dikkat çekmektedir. Bulgular ışığında psikoterapistlerin eğitim ve mesleki süreçlerine ilişkin öneriler paylaşılmış, kültürel yetkinlik ve etik uygulamalar kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın sınırlılıkları gözden geçirilmiş, sonraki araştırmalar için öneriler paylaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• mesleki gelişim
• psikoterapi
• erkeklik
• toplumsal cinsiyet
• kültürel yetkinlik

Cultural Competencies and Gender in Psychotherapy: A Qualitative Study on the Professional Experiences of Male Psychotherapists

Öz

Psychotherapists’ professional development processes are an important, yet understudied issue in the literature, especially in Turkiye. One of the most critical areas of professional development is cultural competence, and gender awareness is a significant dimension of it. Few studies pointed out the effects of traditional masculinity norms on professional development and revealed the conflicts about emotions, authority, and boundaries experienced by male psychotherapists. Although developmental and social dimensions of masculinity in Turkiye are extensively studied, research examining its impact on the practice of psychotherapy and psychotherapists’ professional development is limited. Thus, the current study aimed to examine male psychotherapists’ experiences from a gendered perspective. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 male psychotherapists aged between 27-52 having 3-20 years of experience. The data was analyzed with thematic analysis and revealed three main themes: a) Transforming masculinity roles through being a psychotherapist, b) Difficulties in the psychotherapy relationship, and c) Tensions and doubts caused by the profession. Findings showed that participants try to distance themselves from traditional masculinity and define an alternative role while experiencing doubts and inadequacies professionally due to stereotypes about masculinity and financial concerns. The findings also indicated that psychotherapists had difficulties in working with emotions with male patients, and in establishing trusting relationships with female patients, and they feared being accused of sexual harassment. The findings drew attention to the gender-based conflicts of male psychotherapists in Turkiye. Some educational and professional suggestions are discussed in relation to cultural competence and ethics. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• professional development
• psychotherapy
• masculinity
• gender
• cultural competence

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