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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS OF CHILDREN 3-7 YEARS AND THE CONTAINING FUNCTIONS OF THEIR MOMS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 510 - 534, 28.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.870299

Öz

Aim: In this study, the relationships between the mother's containing functions and their children's depressive symptoms was examined. Method: The sample consists of 331 families. The data collection tools are the Parental Child Containing Function Scale (PCF), the Child Depressive Symptoms Assessment Scale (CDSA) and the Demographic Information Form prepared by the researchers. Results: Regression analysis was used to evaluate the results between the scales, the Independent Group t test and ANOVA test were used to evaluate the results between the subgroups. Conclusions: As a result of the research, it is verified that PCF Relation with Spouse, PCF Satisfaction Focus subgroup of mothers predict CDSA Aggression variable. PCF Relation with Spouse and Strict Relation predict CDSA Social Adaptation. PCF Relation with Spouse also predicts CDSA Maladjustment to Objective Reality (MOR) variable. Child’s age, PCF Relation with Spouse and PCF Sensitivity to Seperation – Anxiety subgroup of mothers predict CDSA Early Anxieties (EA). PCF Sensitivity to Seperation – Anxiety, PCF Satisfaction Focus, and Gender predict CDSA Impulsivity– Hyperactivity (IH). PCF Relation with Spouse and Mother’s Education predict CDSA Deterioration in Cognitive Processes (DCP). PCF Uncontained Relation and Child’s age predict CDSA Somatization. PCF Satisfaction Focus, PCF Uncontained Relation, PCF Relation with Spouse and PCF Sensitivity to Seperation – Anxiety predict CDSA Loss - Seperation Anxiety. Sensitivity to Seperation –Anxiety and children's Aggression, Archaic Anxiety and Loss-Separation Anxiety are higher in mothers who describe themselves as panic or anxious. According to the findings of the study, impairments in the containing functions of mothers are associated with psychopathological symptoms in their children. There is a need to reveal these relationships with different ages and groups, and in this context, to raise awareness of parents about their attitudes towards their children.

Kaynakça

  • Allen J. P., Porter M., McFarland C., McElhaney K. B. ve Marsh P. (2007). The relation of attachment security to adolescents' paternal and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Development 78(4),1222–1239. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01062.x.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2013). Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanımsal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. (5. basım).
  • Aras, Ş., Ünlü, G. ve Taş, F. V. (2007). Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda belirtiler, tanılar ve tanıya yönelik incelemeler. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10 (1), 28-37.
  • Armsden G., McCauley E., Greenberg M., Burke E. ve Mitchell J. (1990). Parent and peer attachment in early adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 18(6), 683-697. 10.1007/BF01342754
  • Basquin, M. Q. (1997). A été L’evolution Historique des Modalités Thérapeutiques dans les Troubles Depressifs de L’enfant. Les Troubles Dépressifs chez L’enfant. Paris: Editions Frison Roche.
  • Bick, E. (1968). The experience of the skin in early object-relations. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49 (2-3), 484–486.
  • Bion W. R. (1962b). A theory of thinking. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 43:306–310.
  • Bion, W. R. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, (40), 308-315.
  • Bion, W. R. (1962a). Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann.
  • Bodet, A., Dikçe, A., Pöge, P. Ve Zabcı, N. (2013). Klinikte öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı almış latans dönemi çocuğunun simgeleştirme yetisi üzerine bir çalışma. Yansıtma, Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi, 20, 35-44.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Volume II: Separation, Anxiety and Anger (pp. 1-429). London: The Hogarth Press.
  • Bowlby, J. (1975). Attachment Theory, Separation Anxiety, and Mourning. New York: Basic Books.
  • Burke, J. D., Hipwell, A. E. ve Loeber, R. (2010). Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder as predictors of depression and conduct disorder in preadolescent girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49 (5), 484-492. Doi: 10.1012/j.jaac.2010.01.016.
  • Campo, J. V., Bridge, J., Ehmann, M., Altman, S., Lucas, A., Birmaher, B. ve diğ. (2004). Recurrent abdominal pain, anxiety, and depression in primary care. Pediatrics, 113, 817–824.
  • Chagnon, J.Y. (2006). Regard clinique sur les troubles des apprentissages. Le Journal des Psycholoques, 7 (240), pp. 29 -33.
  • Chorot P., Valiente R. M., Magaz A. M., Santed M. A. ve Sandin B. (2017). Perceived parental child rearing and attachment as predictors of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms in children: The mediational role of attachment. Psychiatry Research. 253, 287–295. 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.015
  • Cipriani, A., Zhou, X., Del Giovane, C., Hetrick, S. E., Qin, B., Whittington, C., ve diğ. (2016). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: A network meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England), 388(10047), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30385-3
  • Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J. ve Egger, H. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170 (2), 173-179. Doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010132.
  • Croas, J. (2008). Troubles dépressifs chez l'enfant, agitation ou inhibition, activité ou passivité. Psychologie Clinique et Projective, 1(1), 73-108. https://doi.org/10.3917/pcp.014.0073.
  • Cummings E. M. ve Cicchetti D. (1990). Toward a transactional model of relations between attachment and depression, in The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Mental Health and Development. Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention, eds Greenberg M. T., Cicchetti D., Cummings E. M. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press), 339–372.
  • Cytryn, L. ve Mac Knew, D. H. (1974). Proposed classification of childhood depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 55-65.
  • De Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M. ve Holsboer, F. (2005). Stress and the brain: From adaptation to disease. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 6 (6), 463-475.
  • De La Garza, R. (2005). Endotoxin or pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced sickness behavior as an animal model of depression: Focus on anhedonia. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29 (4-5), 761-770.
  • Debray, R. (2005). Bebeklerde ve küçük çocuklarda bedensel dışavurum. (N. Zabcı, Çev.). T. Parman (Ed.) Psikanaliz Yazıları 11 içinde 89-105. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Delgado, P. L. (2000). Depression: The case for a monoamine deficiency. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61 (6), 7-11.
  • Emmanuelli, M. (1996). L'inhibition intellectuelle à la pré-adolescence : Mise en défaut de la latence et prélude à la separation. Psychologie Clinique et Projective, 2-2, 261-278
  • Erol, E., Zabcı, N. ve Şimşek, Ö. F. (2020). Çocuk depresif belirti değerlendirme ölçeği geliştirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21, 14-20. Doi: 10.5455/apd.105601.
  • Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and Melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed., Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud v 14. New York: Basic Books. (1917).
  • Fritz, G. K. ve Campo, J. V. (2002). Somatoform Disorders. M Lewis (Ed) In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
  • George, D., ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
  • Goodfriend, M. S. (1993). Treatment of attachment disorder of infancy in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics, 91 (1), 139-142.
  • Green, A. (1993). The dead mother. Psyche, 47 (3), 205-24.
  • Harro, J. ve Oreland, L. (2001). Depression as a spreading adjustment disorder of monoaminergic neurons: A case for primary implications of the locus coeruleus. Brain Research Reviews, (38), 79-128.
  • Joiner T. ve Coyne J. C. (1999). The Interactional Nature of Depression. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kalaycı, Ş., (2008). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. 3. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kap, S. ve Zabcı, N. (2014). Öğrenme bozukluğu olan çocukların ruhsal ve bilişsel süreçlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, Yansıtma, Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi, 22, 71-79.
  • Kashani, J. H., Holcomb, W. R. ve Orvaschel, H. (1986). Depression and depressive symptoms in preschool children from the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143 (9), 1138–1143. Doi:10.1176/ajp.143.9.1138.
  • Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U. M. A., Flynn, C., Moreci, P. ve diğ. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (7), 980-988. Doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021.
  • Kielholz, P. (1973). Masked Depression. Bern: H. Huber.
  • Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52–54
  • Klein, M. (1935). A contribution to the psychogenesis of manic-depressive states. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 16, 262-289.
  • Main, M., Kaplan, N. ve Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, (50), 66-104. Doi:10.2307/3333827.
  • Marcelli, D. ve Kohen, D. (2016). Enfance et Psychopathologie. Paris: Elsevier Masson.
  • Meagher, S. M., Arnold, D. H., Doctoroff, G. L., Dobbs, J. ve Fisher, P.H. (2009). Social–emotional problems in early childhood and the development of depressive symptoms in school-age children, Early Education and Development, 20:1, 1-24, DOI: 10.1080/10409280801947114.
  • Ogden T.H. (2004). On holding and containing, being and dreaming. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 85:1349–64.
  • Roelofs J., Meesters C., Ter Huurne M., Bamelis L. ve Muris P. (2006). On the links between attachment style, parental rearing behaviors, and internalizing and externalizing problems in non-clinical children. Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(3), 319–332. 10.1007/s10826-006-9025-1.
  • Schneider, J.W., Cavell, T. A. ve Hughes, J.N. (2003). A sense of containment: Potential moderator of the relation between parenting practices and children's externalizing behaviors. Development and Psychopathology, 15(1):95-117. DOI:10.1017/S0954579403000063
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3-7 Yaş Çocukların Depresif Belirtileri İle Annelerinin Kapsayıcı İşlevleri Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 510 - 534, 28.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.870299

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada annelerin kapsayıcılık işlevleri ile çocuklarında görülen depresif belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 331 aile oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları, Ebeveyn Çocuk Kapsayıcı İşlev Ölçeği (KİÖ), Çocuk Depresif Belirti Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ÇDBÖ) ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Demografik Bilgi Formudur. Bulgular: Ölçekler arası sonuçları değerlendirmek amacıyla Regresyon analizleri, alt gruplar arası sonuçları değerlendirmek amacıyla da Bağımsız Örneklem t testi ve ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Araştırmaya katılan annelerin KİÖ Eş ile İlişki, KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık puanları çocuklarının ÇDSÖ Saldırganlık boyutunun; annelerin KİÖ Eş ile İlişki ve KİÖ Katı-Kuralcı İlişki boyutları çocukların hem ÇDSÖ Sosyal Uyum boyutunun; annelerin KİÖ Eş ile İlişki boyutu ÇDSÖ Nesnel Gerçekliğe Uyumsuzluk boyutunun; çocuk yaşı, annelerin KİÖ Eş ile İlişki ve KİÖ Kayıp- Ayrılığa Hassasiyet boyutları, ÇDSÖ Arkaik Endişe boyutunun; KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık, KİÖ Kayıp-Ayrılığa Hassasiyet ve Cinsiyet değişkenleri birlikte çocukların ÇDSÖ Dürtüsellik ve Hiperaktivite boyutunun; KİÖ Eş ile İlişki ve Anne yaşı değişkenleri birlikte ÇDSÖ Bilişsel Süreçlerde Bozulma boyutunun; annelerin KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık ve Eş ile İlişki değişkenleri birlikte çocuğun ÇDSÖ Somatizasyon boyutunun ve annelerin KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık, Eş ile İlişki, Kayıp-Ayrılığa Hassasiyet ile Kapsanamayan İlişki değişkenleri birlikte çocuğun ÇDSÖ Kayıp – Ayrılık Endişesi boyutunun yordayıcısıdır. Kendilerini panik ya da kaygılı tanımlayan annelerin Ayrılığa Hassasiyet ile çocuklarının Saldırganlık, Arkaik Endişe ve Kayıp-Ayrılık Endişesi diğerlerine göre daha yüksektir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre annelerin kapsayıcı işlevlerindeki bozulmalar çocuklarındaki psikopatolojik semptomlarla ilişkilidir. Bu ilişkilerin farklı yaş ve gruplarla ortaya konulmasına ve bu bağlamda ebeveynlere çocuklarına karşı gösterecekleri tutumlarla ilgili farkındalık kazandırılmasına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Allen J. P., Porter M., McFarland C., McElhaney K. B. ve Marsh P. (2007). The relation of attachment security to adolescents' paternal and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Development 78(4),1222–1239. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01062.x.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2013). Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanımsal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. (5. basım).
  • Aras, Ş., Ünlü, G. ve Taş, F. V. (2007). Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda belirtiler, tanılar ve tanıya yönelik incelemeler. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10 (1), 28-37.
  • Armsden G., McCauley E., Greenberg M., Burke E. ve Mitchell J. (1990). Parent and peer attachment in early adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 18(6), 683-697. 10.1007/BF01342754
  • Basquin, M. Q. (1997). A été L’evolution Historique des Modalités Thérapeutiques dans les Troubles Depressifs de L’enfant. Les Troubles Dépressifs chez L’enfant. Paris: Editions Frison Roche.
  • Bick, E. (1968). The experience of the skin in early object-relations. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49 (2-3), 484–486.
  • Bion W. R. (1962b). A theory of thinking. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 43:306–310.
  • Bion, W. R. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, (40), 308-315.
  • Bion, W. R. (1962a). Learning from Experience. London: Heinemann.
  • Bodet, A., Dikçe, A., Pöge, P. Ve Zabcı, N. (2013). Klinikte öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı almış latans dönemi çocuğunun simgeleştirme yetisi üzerine bir çalışma. Yansıtma, Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi, 20, 35-44.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Volume II: Separation, Anxiety and Anger (pp. 1-429). London: The Hogarth Press.
  • Bowlby, J. (1975). Attachment Theory, Separation Anxiety, and Mourning. New York: Basic Books.
  • Burke, J. D., Hipwell, A. E. ve Loeber, R. (2010). Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder as predictors of depression and conduct disorder in preadolescent girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49 (5), 484-492. Doi: 10.1012/j.jaac.2010.01.016.
  • Campo, J. V., Bridge, J., Ehmann, M., Altman, S., Lucas, A., Birmaher, B. ve diğ. (2004). Recurrent abdominal pain, anxiety, and depression in primary care. Pediatrics, 113, 817–824.
  • Chagnon, J.Y. (2006). Regard clinique sur les troubles des apprentissages. Le Journal des Psycholoques, 7 (240), pp. 29 -33.
  • Chorot P., Valiente R. M., Magaz A. M., Santed M. A. ve Sandin B. (2017). Perceived parental child rearing and attachment as predictors of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms in children: The mediational role of attachment. Psychiatry Research. 253, 287–295. 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.015
  • Cipriani, A., Zhou, X., Del Giovane, C., Hetrick, S. E., Qin, B., Whittington, C., ve diğ. (2016). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: A network meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England), 388(10047), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30385-3
  • Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J. ve Egger, H. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170 (2), 173-179. Doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010132.
  • Croas, J. (2008). Troubles dépressifs chez l'enfant, agitation ou inhibition, activité ou passivité. Psychologie Clinique et Projective, 1(1), 73-108. https://doi.org/10.3917/pcp.014.0073.
  • Cummings E. M. ve Cicchetti D. (1990). Toward a transactional model of relations between attachment and depression, in The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Mental Health and Development. Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention, eds Greenberg M. T., Cicchetti D., Cummings E. M. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press), 339–372.
  • Cytryn, L. ve Mac Knew, D. H. (1974). Proposed classification of childhood depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 55-65.
  • De Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M. ve Holsboer, F. (2005). Stress and the brain: From adaptation to disease. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 6 (6), 463-475.
  • De La Garza, R. (2005). Endotoxin or pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced sickness behavior as an animal model of depression: Focus on anhedonia. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29 (4-5), 761-770.
  • Debray, R. (2005). Bebeklerde ve küçük çocuklarda bedensel dışavurum. (N. Zabcı, Çev.). T. Parman (Ed.) Psikanaliz Yazıları 11 içinde 89-105. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Delgado, P. L. (2000). Depression: The case for a monoamine deficiency. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61 (6), 7-11.
  • Emmanuelli, M. (1996). L'inhibition intellectuelle à la pré-adolescence : Mise en défaut de la latence et prélude à la separation. Psychologie Clinique et Projective, 2-2, 261-278
  • Erol, E., Zabcı, N. ve Şimşek, Ö. F. (2020). Çocuk depresif belirti değerlendirme ölçeği geliştirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21, 14-20. Doi: 10.5455/apd.105601.
  • Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and Melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed., Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud v 14. New York: Basic Books. (1917).
  • Fritz, G. K. ve Campo, J. V. (2002). Somatoform Disorders. M Lewis (Ed) In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
  • George, D., ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
  • Goodfriend, M. S. (1993). Treatment of attachment disorder of infancy in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics, 91 (1), 139-142.
  • Green, A. (1993). The dead mother. Psyche, 47 (3), 205-24.
  • Harro, J. ve Oreland, L. (2001). Depression as a spreading adjustment disorder of monoaminergic neurons: A case for primary implications of the locus coeruleus. Brain Research Reviews, (38), 79-128.
  • Joiner T. ve Coyne J. C. (1999). The Interactional Nature of Depression. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kalaycı, Ş., (2008). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. 3. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kap, S. ve Zabcı, N. (2014). Öğrenme bozukluğu olan çocukların ruhsal ve bilişsel süreçlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, Yansıtma, Psikopatoloji ve Projektif Testler Dergisi, 22, 71-79.
  • Kashani, J. H., Holcomb, W. R. ve Orvaschel, H. (1986). Depression and depressive symptoms in preschool children from the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143 (9), 1138–1143. Doi:10.1176/ajp.143.9.1138.
  • Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U. M. A., Flynn, C., Moreci, P. ve diğ. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (7), 980-988. Doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021.
  • Kielholz, P. (1973). Masked Depression. Bern: H. Huber.
  • Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52–54
  • Klein, M. (1935). A contribution to the psychogenesis of manic-depressive states. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 16, 262-289.
  • Main, M., Kaplan, N. ve Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, (50), 66-104. Doi:10.2307/3333827.
  • Marcelli, D. ve Kohen, D. (2016). Enfance et Psychopathologie. Paris: Elsevier Masson.
  • Meagher, S. M., Arnold, D. H., Doctoroff, G. L., Dobbs, J. ve Fisher, P.H. (2009). Social–emotional problems in early childhood and the development of depressive symptoms in school-age children, Early Education and Development, 20:1, 1-24, DOI: 10.1080/10409280801947114.
  • Ogden T.H. (2004). On holding and containing, being and dreaming. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 85:1349–64.
  • Roelofs J., Meesters C., Ter Huurne M., Bamelis L. ve Muris P. (2006). On the links between attachment style, parental rearing behaviors, and internalizing and externalizing problems in non-clinical children. Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(3), 319–332. 10.1007/s10826-006-9025-1.
  • Schneider, J.W., Cavell, T. A. ve Hughes, J.N. (2003). A sense of containment: Potential moderator of the relation between parenting practices and children's externalizing behaviors. Development and Psychopathology, 15(1):95-117. DOI:10.1017/S0954579403000063
  • Simic, M. ve Fombonne, E. (2001). Depressive conduct disorder: Symptom patterns and correlates in referred children and adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 62(3), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00201-3
  • Stringaris, A. ve Goodman, R. (2009). Longitudinal outcome of youth oppositionality: irritable, headstrong, and hurtful behaviors have distinctive predictions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(4), 404-412. Doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181984f30.
  • Suarez-Labat, H., Reignier, S. ve Evans, B. (2003). En deçà de la douleur morale: à la recherche des traces et du destin d'un effondrement dépressif primaire dans le Rorschach de l'enfant. Psychologie Clinique et Projective, (1), 79-94. Doi:10.3917/pcp.009.0079.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (sixth ed.) Boston: Pearson.
  • Tan, O. (2014). Depresyon. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Van der Veek, S. M. C., Nobel, R. A. ve Derkx, H. H. F. (2012) The relationship between emotion awareness and somatic complaints in children and adolescents: Investigating the mediating role of anxiety and depression, Psychology ve Health, 27(11), 1359-1374. Doi:10.1080/08870446-2012.685738.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (1964). Further thoughts on babies as persons. The Child, the Family, and the Outside World, 85-92.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (2018). Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry. New York: Routledge. (1971).
  • Zabcı, N. (2018). Seansta Şiddet. T. Parman (Ed.) içinde Psikanaliz Defterleri Çocuk ve Ergen Çalışmaları: Çocuk ve Ergenle Çalışmak, 1. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Zabcı, N., Erol, E., ve Şimşek, Ö. F. (2018). Ebeveyn çocuk kapsayıcı işlev ölçeği geliştirme. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8 (51), 190-212.
  • Zwaigenbaum, L., Szatmari, P., Boyle, M. H. ve Offord, D. R. (1999). Highly somatizing young adolescents and the risk of depression. Pediatrics, 103 (6), 1203-1209. Doi:10.1542/peds.103.6.1203.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Neslihan Zabcı 0000-0001-5305-7009

Elif Erol 0000-0002-9746-2898

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 1 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Zabcı, N., & Erol, E. (2021). 3-7 Yaş Çocukların Depresif Belirtileri İle Annelerinin Kapsayıcı İşlevleri Arasındaki İlişki. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 510-534. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.870299