Çoklu Bellek Sistemleri Bakış Açısı ile Nörogelişimsel Bozuklukların, Stres ve Ergenlik Dönemi ile İlişkili Psikopatolojilerin İncelenmesi: Bir Derleme Çalışması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 34 - 55, 28.02.2022

Aslı Konaç , Çağrı Temuçin Ünal

https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.777249

Öz

Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, belirli psikopatolojilerin incelenmesinde ve tedavisinde daha etkili seçeneklerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülen çoklu bellek sistemleri teorisini klinik psikoloji alan yazınına tanıtmaktır. Öncelikle psikopatolojinin tanımına ve disiplinler arası çalışmaların günümüzdeki önemine yer vererek başlayan çalışma, devamında çoklu bellek sistemlerini ve bu sistemlerin gelişimsel süreçte takip ettiği basamakları açıklamaktadır. Son olarak stres temelli bozukluklar, nörogelişimsel bozukluklar ve ergenlik dönemi psikopatolojilerinin açıklanmasında çoklu bellek sistemleri bakış açısının rolüne bu alanda yapılan çalışmaları derleyerek açıklık getirmektedir. Buna göre çoklu bellek sistemleri bakış açısı, her birinin ayrı ve geniş çaplı etiyolojik çalışmaları bulunan psikopatolojilerin ortak yönü olarak bellek ve öğrenme süreçleri ile bu süreçlerin altında yatan nörobiyolojiye vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu ortak yönlerin anlaşılması, özellikle eş tanılı rahatsızlıkların (örneğin; dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile Turet sendromu) etiyolojisinin daha iyi açıklanmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bununla birlikte; günümüz teknolojisi yardımıyla çoklu bellek sistemlerinden sorumlu ilgili beyin bölgelerinin uyarılması yoluyla izlenen davranışsal müdahale çalışmalarının, psikopatolojilere özgü semptomların azaltılmasında etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çoklu bellek sistemlerini esas alarak geliştirilen ve farklı tanı gruplarını hedef alan benzer müdahalelerin etkililiğinin ileriki araştırmalar ile test edilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

psikopatoloji, çoklu bellek sistemleri, stres, nörogelişimsel bozukluklar, ergenlik dönemi

Multiple Memory Systems Perspective for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Adolescence and Stress Related Psychopathologies: A Critical Review

Öz

The aim of this review article is to introduce multiple memory systems theory to the clinical psychology literature, as this theory might contribute to the understanding of some of the psychopathologies and the development of more effective treatment options. The article starts with a definition of psychopathology and the importance of multidisciplinary research at present. It follows with the explanation of multiple memory systems and the developmental trajectory of these systems. Finally, the role of multiple memory systems perspective for stress related disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders and adolescence psychopathologies are explained with a review of the literature. According to that, multiple memory systems perspective highlights memory and learning processes and the underlying neurobiology as common points of different diagnoses, each of which has a separate and wide etiological research. Considering these common points might be important, especially for having a better insight for the etiology of comorbid disorders such as comorbid diagnosis of attention and hyperactivity disorder and Tourette’s syndrome. In addition, the studies indicate that the behavioral interventions targeting the brain areas responsible for multiple memory systems have ameliorating effects on symptomatology, with the help of today’s technological facilities. Further studies are needed for testing the effectiveness of similar interventions, which are based on multiple memory systems perspective, for targeting different diagnostic groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

psychopathology, multiple memory systems, stress, neurodevelopmental disorders, adolescence

Kaynakça

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