Araştırma Makalesi
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Role of Burnout in Relationship between Belonging and Resilience In Traumatized Individuals

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 513 - 537, 28.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1034220

Öz

Individuals encounter at least one negative experience or traumatic event in their lifetime and react differently to these experiences. While some develop vulnerability in the face of such events, others grow stronger. Psychological resilience is the individual’s ability to display healthy development despite negative experiences or to positively adapt to challenging situations. Risk factors and protective factors play an important role in the development of resilience. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of burnout as a risk factor and the sense of belonging as a protective factor in explaining psychological resilience. Particularly, this study mainly investigated the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between the sense of belongingness and psychological resilience among university students who had experienced at least one traumatic event. The age of the participants varied between 17 and 35 (M = 24.17, SD = 3.90). General Belongingness Scale, the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and the Burnout Measure, Short Version were used as data collection tools. In data analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling were performed. It was found that the fit indices established in the research provided good fits and the obtained coefficients were statistically significant. The theoretical model confirmed that burnout plays an intermediary role and significantly affects the relationship between the general sense of belongingness and psychological resilience.

Kaynakça

  • Alizadeh, S., Khanahmadi, S., Vedadhir, A., & Barjasteh, S. (2018). The relationship between resilience with self-compassion, social support and sense of belonging in women with breast cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 19(9), 2469-2474. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.9.2469
  • Arslan, G. (2015a). Psikolojik istismar, psikolojik sağlamlık, sosyal bağlılık ve aidiyet duygusu arasındaki ilişki. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(36), 47-58.
  • Arslan, G. (2015b). Yetişkin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin (YPSÖ) psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(2), 344-357. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.45159
  • Aydoğdu, B. N., Halil, E. K. S. I., & Celik, H. (2017). The predictive role of interpersonal sensitivity and emotional self-efficacy on psychological resilience among young adults. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 17(69), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2017.69.3
  • Banducci, A. N., Hoffman, E., Lejuez, C. W., & Koenen, K. C. (2014). The relationship between child abuse and negative outcomes among substance users: Psychopathology, health, and comorbidities. Addictive Behaviors, 39(10), 1522-1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.023
  • Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117-148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
  • Bezirgan, M. (2014). Destinasyon imajı, algılanan değer, aidiyet ve davranışsal niyetler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi: Bir araştırma [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Balıkesir Üniversitesi.
  • Brocato, E. D. (2006). Place attachment: An investigation of environments and outcomes in service context [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. The University of Texas at Arlington.
  • Budak G., & Sürgevil O. (2005). Tükenmişlik ve tükenmişliği etkileyen örgütsel faktörleri analizine ilişkin akademik personel üzerinde bir uygulama. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 95-108.
  • Cheavens, J. S., Cukrowicz, K. C., Hansen, R., & Mitchell, S. M. (2016). Incorporating resilience factors into the interpersonal theory of suicide: The role of hope and self‐forgiveness in an older adult sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22230
  • Chu, C., Hom, M. A., Rogers, M. L., Stanley, I. H., Ringer-Moberg, F. B., Podlogar, M. C., Hirsch, J. K., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Insomnia and suicide-related behaviors: A multi-study investigation of thwarted belongingness as a distinct explanatory factor. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208(2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.065
  • Cicchetti, D., & Curtis, W. J. (2007). Multilevel perspectives on pathways to resilient functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 627-629. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000314
  • Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Messer, J., Rutter, M., Shearer, C., & Maughan, B. (2007). Resilience to adult psychopathology following childhood maltreatment: Evidence from a community sample. Child, Abuse & Neglect, 31(3), 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.004
  • Çetin, F., Basım, H. N., & Aydoğan, O. (2011). Örgütsel bağlılığın tükenmişlik ile ilişkisi: öğretmenler üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (25), 61-70.
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  • Duru, E. (2015). Genel Aidiyet Ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(44), 37-47.
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Travma Yaşamış Bireylerde Aidiyet Duygusu ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık İlişkisinde Tükenmişlik Duygusunun Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 513 - 537, 28.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1034220

Öz

Bireyler yaşamları boyunca en az bir olumsuz deneyim ya da travmatik bir olayla karşılaşır ve bu deneyimlere farklı şekillerde tepki verirler. Bazı bireyler bu yaşanılanlar karşısında kırılganlık geliştirirken diğerleri daha da güçlenirler. Psikolojik dayanıklılık, bireyin karşılaştığı olumsuz deneyimlere rağmen sağlıklı bir gelişim gösterebilmesi veya riskli durumlar karşısında iyi uyum sağlayabilmesidir. Dayanıklılığın gelişmesinde risk faktörleri ve koruyucu faktörler önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle tükenmişlik ve aidiyet duygusunun psikolojik dayanıklılığa etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu temelden hareketle bu çalışmada öncelikle en az bir travmatik olay yaşayan ve yaşları 17 ila 35 arasında değişen üniversite öğrencilerinin aidiyet duygusu ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişkide tükenmişliğin aracı rolü araştırılmıştır (M = 24.17, SD = 3.90). Bu araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Genel Aidiyet Ölçeği, Yetişkinler İçin Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (RSA) ve Tükenmişlik Ölçeği Kısa Versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyonu ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada oluşturulan uyum indekslerinin iyi uyum sağladığı ve elde edilen katsayıların istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Teorik model, tükenmişliğin aracı bir rol oynadığını ve genel aidiyet duygusu ile psikolojik dayanıklılık arasındaki ilişkiyi önemli ölçüde etkilediğini doğrulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alizadeh, S., Khanahmadi, S., Vedadhir, A., & Barjasteh, S. (2018). The relationship between resilience with self-compassion, social support and sense of belonging in women with breast cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 19(9), 2469-2474. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.9.2469
  • Arslan, G. (2015a). Psikolojik istismar, psikolojik sağlamlık, sosyal bağlılık ve aidiyet duygusu arasındaki ilişki. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(36), 47-58.
  • Arslan, G. (2015b). Yetişkin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin (YPSÖ) psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(2), 344-357. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.45159
  • Aydoğdu, B. N., Halil, E. K. S. I., & Celik, H. (2017). The predictive role of interpersonal sensitivity and emotional self-efficacy on psychological resilience among young adults. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 17(69), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2017.69.3
  • Banducci, A. N., Hoffman, E., Lejuez, C. W., & Koenen, K. C. (2014). The relationship between child abuse and negative outcomes among substance users: Psychopathology, health, and comorbidities. Addictive Behaviors, 39(10), 1522-1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.023
  • Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117-148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
  • Bezirgan, M. (2014). Destinasyon imajı, algılanan değer, aidiyet ve davranışsal niyetler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi: Bir araştırma [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Balıkesir Üniversitesi.
  • Brocato, E. D. (2006). Place attachment: An investigation of environments and outcomes in service context [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. The University of Texas at Arlington.
  • Budak G., & Sürgevil O. (2005). Tükenmişlik ve tükenmişliği etkileyen örgütsel faktörleri analizine ilişkin akademik personel üzerinde bir uygulama. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 95-108.
  • Cheavens, J. S., Cukrowicz, K. C., Hansen, R., & Mitchell, S. M. (2016). Incorporating resilience factors into the interpersonal theory of suicide: The role of hope and self‐forgiveness in an older adult sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22230
  • Chu, C., Hom, M. A., Rogers, M. L., Stanley, I. H., Ringer-Moberg, F. B., Podlogar, M. C., Hirsch, J. K., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Insomnia and suicide-related behaviors: A multi-study investigation of thwarted belongingness as a distinct explanatory factor. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208(2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.065
  • Cicchetti, D., & Curtis, W. J. (2007). Multilevel perspectives on pathways to resilient functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 627-629. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000314
  • Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Messer, J., Rutter, M., Shearer, C., & Maughan, B. (2007). Resilience to adult psychopathology following childhood maltreatment: Evidence from a community sample. Child, Abuse & Neglect, 31(3), 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.004
  • Çetin, F., Basım, H. N., & Aydoğan, O. (2011). Örgütsel bağlılığın tükenmişlik ile ilişkisi: öğretmenler üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (25), 61-70.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler için Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Duru, E. (2015). Genel Aidiyet Ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(44), 37-47.
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  • Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence--from domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.
  • Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T. C., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2006). Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: A prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(3), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.488
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (yem) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 5(2), 26-42. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.31126
  • Kaya, N., Kaya, H., Ayık, S. E., & Uygur, E. (2010). Burnout of nurses who work in a government hospital. Journal of Human Sciences, 7(1), 401-419.
  • Karacabey, M. F., & Bozkuş K. (2019). Psikolojik sağlamlığın tükenmişlik, iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi: Suriyeli göçmenlerin Türkçe öğretmenleri üzerinde bir uygulama. İş, Güç ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 21(2), 91-110. https://doi.org/10.4026/isguc.563065
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (17. Baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Khalatbari, J., Ghorbanshiroudi, S., & Firouzbakhsh, M. (2013). Correlation of job stress, job satisfaction, job motivation and burnout and feeling stress. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84(14), 860–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.662
  • Klein, H. J., & Park, H. (2015). Organizational commitment. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (pp. 334-340). Elsevier Inc.
  • Kula, S., & Çakar, B. (2015). Maslow ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi bağlamında toplumda bireylerin güvenlik algısı ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Bartın Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(12), 191-210.
  • Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The Social Connectedness and the Social Assurance Scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.232
  • Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). Research on resilience: Response to commentaries. Child Development, 71(3), 573-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00168
  • Luthar, S. S., Sawyer, J. A., & Brown, P. J. (2006). Conceptual issues in studies of resilience: Past, present, and future research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.009
  • Lester, D., Hvezda, J., Sullivan, S., & Plourde, R. (1983). Maslow's hierarchy of needs and psychological health. The Journal of General Psychology, 109(1), 83-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1983.9711513
  • Lester, D. (2013). Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Psychological Reports, 113(1), 15-17. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.20.PR0.113x16z1
  • Malach-Pines, A. (2005). The Burnout Measure, Short Version. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.78
  • Malone, G. P., Pillow, D. R., & Osman, A. (2012). The General Belongingness Scale (GBS): Assessing achieved belongingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.027
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 425-444. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005812
  • Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 74-88), Oxford University Press.
  • Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. (2010). Resilience over the lifespan: Developmental perspectives on resistance, recovery, and transformation. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of Adult Resilience (pp. 213–237). The Guilford Press.
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  • McLeod, S. (2007, April 4). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
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  • Miceli, M. (2020). Identifying protective factors to early suicide markers: The buffering effects of savoring and resilience [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Southern University.
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  • Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464-481.
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  • Tümkaya, S., Sabahattin, Ç. A. M., & Çavuşoğlu, I. (2009). Tükenmişlik Ölçeği Kısa Versiyonu’nun Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 387-398.
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  • Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., James, L. M., Castro, Y., Gordon, K. H., Braithwaite, S. R., Hollar, D. L., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2008). Suicidal ideation in college students varies across semesters: The mediating role of belongingness. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 38(4), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.4.427
  • Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575-600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
  • Windle, M. (2002). Critical conceptual and measurement issues in the study of resilience. In M. D. Glantz, & J. L. Johnson (Eds.), Resilience and Development (pp. 161-176). Springer.
  • Yıldırımlı, G., & Tosun, A. (2012). Cognitive processes in post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Human Sciences, 9(2), 1429-1442.
  • Zeldin, S., Christens, B. D., & Powers, J. L. (2013). The psychology and practice of youth-adult partnership: Bridging generations for youth development and community change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 51(3), 385-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-012-9558-y
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Eda Öztürk 0000-0002-7718-7200

Bilge Nuran Aydoğdu 0000-0002-1738-0682

Halil Ekşi 0000-0001-7520-4559

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, E., Aydoğdu, B. N., & Ekşi, H. (2022). Role of Burnout in Relationship between Belonging and Resilience In Traumatized Individuals. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(3), 513-537. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1034220