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Aşı Karşıtlığı ve Kişilik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 469 - 488, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1211244

Öz

Çalışmamızın amacı aşı karşıtlığı ile kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 18-65 yaş arası 404 gönüllü kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Aşı Karşıtlığı Ölçeği [AKÖ] ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri [BFI] uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların AKÖ-toplam puanları ile nevrotiklik puanları arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu (p = 0.05; r = 0.10), sorumluluk puanları arasında negatif yönlü çok zayıf ilişki olduğu (p = 0.03; r = -0.11) ve uyumluluk puanları arasında negatif yönlü zayıf ilişki olduğu (p = 0.03; r = -0.20) tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, yürütülen T testi ve Anova analizleri sonucunda aşı karşıtlığının araştırmaya dahil edilen sosyodemografik değişkenlerden evlilik durumu ve yaşa göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir [Evlilik Durumu: t(402) = 1.99; Yaş: p = 0.05; F(3, 400) = 3.28; p = 0.05] Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizine göre ise uyumluluk ve yaş değişkenleri aşı karşıtlığını yordamaktadır [Uyumluluk (ß = -.16; p = .004); Yaş (ß = .13; p = .02)]. Çalışmamızın sonuçları aşı karşıtlığında kişilik faktörlerinin ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Nevrotik kişilik düzeyleri yüksek olan bireylerin aşı kararsızlığı düzeylerinde artış olduğu görülmektedir. Benzer biçimde bireylerin uyumluluk ve sorumluluk puanları düştükçe aşı karşıtlığı düzeylerinde artış gözlemlenmiştir. Bulgularımızın bireylerin aşı karşıtlığı eğilimlerini öngörmede ve aşı ikna çalışmalarında hedef kitlenin belirlenmesine yardımcı olacağına inanmaktayız

Kaynakça

  • Aarøe, L., Petersen, M. B., & Arceneaux, K. (2017). The behavioral immune system shapes political intuitions: Why and how individual differences in disgust sensitivity underlie opposition to immigration. American Political Science Review, 111(2), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000770
  • Amit Aharon, A., Nehama, H., Rishpon, S., & Baron-Epel, O. (2018). A path analysis model suggesting the association between health locus of control and compliance with childhood vaccinations. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(7), 1618-1625. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1471305
  • Ataç, Ö., & Aker, A. A. (2014). Aşı karşıtlığı. Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, 30(1), 42-47.
  • Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., & Graffigna, G. (2021). Looking inside the ‘black box’of vaccine hesitancy: Unlocking the effect of psychological attitudes and beliefs on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and implications for public health communication. Psychological Medicine, 53(3), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172100101X
  • Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729-750. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
  • Bilge, Y., Keles, E., & Baydili, K. N. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mental health. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 27(3), 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2021.1963558
  • Burger, J. M. (2016). Kişilik. Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Damnjanović, K., Graeber, J., Ilić, S., Lam, W. Y., Lep, Ž., Morales, S., Pulkkinen, T., & Vingerhoets, L. (2018). Parental decision-making on childhood vaccination. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 735. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00735
  • Edwards, B., Biddle, N., Gray, M., & Sollis, K. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: Correlates in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the Australian population. PloS One, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248892
  • Fisher, K. A., Bloomstone, S. J., Walder, J., Crawford, S., Fouayzi, H., & Mazor, K. M. (2020). Attitudes toward a potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a survey of US adults. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(12), 964-973. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3569
  • George, D. (2011). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 update, 10/e. Pearson Education India.
  • Gür, E. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy-vaccine refusal. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics/Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 54(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.79990
  • Halstead, I. N., McKay, R. T., & Lewis, G. J. (2022). COVID-19 and seasonal flu vaccination hesitancy: Links to personality and general intelligence in a large, UK cohort. Vaccine, 40(32), 4488–4495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.062
  • Hornsey, M. J., & Fielding, K. S. (2017). Attitude roots and Jiu Jitsu persuasion: Understanding and overcoming the motivated rejection of science. American Psychologist, 72(5), 459-473. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040437
  • Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., & Fielding, K. S. (2018). The psychological roots of anti-vaccination attitudes: A 24-nation investigation. Health Psychology, 37(4), 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000586
  • Horzum, M. B., Ayas, T., & Padır, M. A. (2017). Beş faktör kişilik ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Adaptation of big five personality traits scale to Turkish culture. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 7(2), 398-408. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.298430
  • Howard M. C. (2022). The good, the bad, and the neutral: Vaccine hesitancy mediates the relations of Psychological Capital, the Dark Triad, and the Big Five with vaccination willingness and behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 190(2022), 111523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111523
  • İnanç, B. Y., & Yerlikaya, E. E. (2021). Kişilik kuramları. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Johnson, M. O. (2000). Personality correlates of HIV vaccine trial participation. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(3), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00206-8
  • Karlsson, L. C., Soveri, A., Lewandowsky, S., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., Nolvi, S., ... & Antfolk, J. (2021). Fearing the disease or the vaccine: The case of COVID-19. Personality And Individual Differences, 172(2021), 110590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110590
  • Kılınçarslan, M. G., Sarıgül, B., Toraman, C., & Melih Şahin, E. (2020). Development of valid and reliable Scale of Vaccine Hesitancy in Turkish language. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 12(3), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.693711
  • Kurçer, M. A., Şimşek, Z., Solmaz, A., Dedeoğlu, Y., & Gülel, R. (2005). Şanlıurfa Harrankapı Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesi’nde 0-2 yaş çocuk ve gebelerde aşılanma oranları ve aşılanmada sorunlar. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 10-15.
  • Kutlu, H. H., & Altındiş, M. (2018). Aşı karşıtlığı. Flora Dergisi, 23(2), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.5578/flora.66355
  • Larson, H. J., Jarrett, C., Eckersberger, E., Smith, D. M., & Paterson, P. (2014). Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012. Vaccine, 32(19), 2150-2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081
  • Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., ... & El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature Medicine, 27(2), 225-228. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01226-0
  • Lin, F. Y., & Wang, C. H. (2020). Personality and individual attitudes toward vaccination: a nationally representative survey in the United States. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09840-w
  • Marti, M., de Cola, M., MacDonald, N. E., Dumolard, L., & Duclos, P. (2017). Assessments of global drivers of vaccine hesitancy in 2014—Looking beyond safety concerns. PloS One, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172310
  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five‐factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x
  • McElfish, P. A., Willis, D. E., Shah, S. K., Bryant-Moore, K., Rojo, M. O., & Selig, J. P. (2021) Sociodemographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, fear of infection, and protection self-efficacy. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211040746
  • Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., McKay, R., Bennett, K., Mason, L., Gibson-Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Stocks, T., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature Communications, 12(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9
  • Okubo, R., Yoshioka, T., Ohfuji, S., Matsuo, T., & Tabuchi, T. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Japan. Vaccines, 9(6), 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060662
  • Özceylan, G., Toprak, D., & Esen, E. S. (2020). Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(5), 1034-1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182
  • Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.
  • Patty, N. J., Van Dijk, H. M., Wallenburg, I., Bal, R., Helmerhorst, T. J., Van Exel, J., & Cramm, J. M. (2017). To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Perspectives on HPV vaccination among girls, boys, and parents in the Netherlands: A Q-methodological study. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4879-2
  • Rieger, M. O. (2020). Triggering altruism increases the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19Social Health and Behavior, 3(3), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB_39_20
  • Roshchina, Y., Roshchin, S., & Rozhkova, K. (2022). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Russia. Vaccine, 40(39), 5739-5747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.042
  • Salali, G. D., & Uysal, M. S. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychological Medicine, 52(15), 3750-3752. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004067
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The Relationship Between Vaccine Hesitancy and Personality Traits

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 469 - 488, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1211244

Öz

The current study aimed to examine the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and personality traits. 404 volunteers between the ages of 18-65 participated in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Scale of Vaccine Hesitancy [SVH] and Big Five Inventory [BFI] were administered. The determined relationships between the SVH total scores and specific personality traits were as follows: a positive weak correlation with neuroticism scores p = 0.05; r = 0.10), a weak negative correlation with the conscientiousness scores p = 0.03; r = -0.11), and a weak negative relationship between the agreeableness scores p = 0.03; r = -0.20). The results of the T-test and ANOVA revealed that vaccine hesitancy levels differed on the basis of marital status and age [Marital Status: t(402) = 1.99; Age: p = 0.05; F(3, 400) = 3.27; p = 0.05]. According to multiple linear regression analysis, agreeableness and age variables predicted vaccine hesitancy levels [Agreeableness (ß = -.16; p = .004); Age (ß = .13; p = .02)]. The results of our study showed that personality factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy. It was reported that individuals with high neurotic personality levels have an increase in vaccine hesitancy levels. Similarly, as the agreeableness and conscientiousness scores decreased, the antivaccination levels increased We believe that our findings will be helpful in predicting the tendency of individuals to be vaccine hesitant and in determining the target group in vaccine persuasion studies

Kaynakça

  • Aarøe, L., Petersen, M. B., & Arceneaux, K. (2017). The behavioral immune system shapes political intuitions: Why and how individual differences in disgust sensitivity underlie opposition to immigration. American Political Science Review, 111(2), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000770
  • Amit Aharon, A., Nehama, H., Rishpon, S., & Baron-Epel, O. (2018). A path analysis model suggesting the association between health locus of control and compliance with childhood vaccinations. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(7), 1618-1625. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1471305
  • Ataç, Ö., & Aker, A. A. (2014). Aşı karşıtlığı. Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, 30(1), 42-47.
  • Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., & Graffigna, G. (2021). Looking inside the ‘black box’of vaccine hesitancy: Unlocking the effect of psychological attitudes and beliefs on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and implications for public health communication. Psychological Medicine, 53(3), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172100101X
  • Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729-750. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
  • Bilge, Y., Keles, E., & Baydili, K. N. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mental health. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 27(3), 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2021.1963558
  • Burger, J. M. (2016). Kişilik. Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Damnjanović, K., Graeber, J., Ilić, S., Lam, W. Y., Lep, Ž., Morales, S., Pulkkinen, T., & Vingerhoets, L. (2018). Parental decision-making on childhood vaccination. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 735. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00735
  • Edwards, B., Biddle, N., Gray, M., & Sollis, K. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: Correlates in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the Australian population. PloS One, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248892
  • Fisher, K. A., Bloomstone, S. J., Walder, J., Crawford, S., Fouayzi, H., & Mazor, K. M. (2020). Attitudes toward a potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a survey of US adults. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(12), 964-973. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3569
  • George, D. (2011). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 update, 10/e. Pearson Education India.
  • Gür, E. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy-vaccine refusal. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics/Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 54(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.79990
  • Halstead, I. N., McKay, R. T., & Lewis, G. J. (2022). COVID-19 and seasonal flu vaccination hesitancy: Links to personality and general intelligence in a large, UK cohort. Vaccine, 40(32), 4488–4495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.062
  • Hornsey, M. J., & Fielding, K. S. (2017). Attitude roots and Jiu Jitsu persuasion: Understanding and overcoming the motivated rejection of science. American Psychologist, 72(5), 459-473. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040437
  • Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., & Fielding, K. S. (2018). The psychological roots of anti-vaccination attitudes: A 24-nation investigation. Health Psychology, 37(4), 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000586
  • Horzum, M. B., Ayas, T., & Padır, M. A. (2017). Beş faktör kişilik ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Adaptation of big five personality traits scale to Turkish culture. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 7(2), 398-408. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.298430
  • Howard M. C. (2022). The good, the bad, and the neutral: Vaccine hesitancy mediates the relations of Psychological Capital, the Dark Triad, and the Big Five with vaccination willingness and behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 190(2022), 111523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111523
  • İnanç, B. Y., & Yerlikaya, E. E. (2021). Kişilik kuramları. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Johnson, M. O. (2000). Personality correlates of HIV vaccine trial participation. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(3), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00206-8
  • Karlsson, L. C., Soveri, A., Lewandowsky, S., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., Nolvi, S., ... & Antfolk, J. (2021). Fearing the disease or the vaccine: The case of COVID-19. Personality And Individual Differences, 172(2021), 110590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110590
  • Kılınçarslan, M. G., Sarıgül, B., Toraman, C., & Melih Şahin, E. (2020). Development of valid and reliable Scale of Vaccine Hesitancy in Turkish language. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 12(3), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.693711
  • Kurçer, M. A., Şimşek, Z., Solmaz, A., Dedeoğlu, Y., & Gülel, R. (2005). Şanlıurfa Harrankapı Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesi’nde 0-2 yaş çocuk ve gebelerde aşılanma oranları ve aşılanmada sorunlar. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 10-15.
  • Kutlu, H. H., & Altındiş, M. (2018). Aşı karşıtlığı. Flora Dergisi, 23(2), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.5578/flora.66355
  • Larson, H. J., Jarrett, C., Eckersberger, E., Smith, D. M., & Paterson, P. (2014). Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012. Vaccine, 32(19), 2150-2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081
  • Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., ... & El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature Medicine, 27(2), 225-228. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01226-0
  • Lin, F. Y., & Wang, C. H. (2020). Personality and individual attitudes toward vaccination: a nationally representative survey in the United States. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09840-w
  • Marti, M., de Cola, M., MacDonald, N. E., Dumolard, L., & Duclos, P. (2017). Assessments of global drivers of vaccine hesitancy in 2014—Looking beyond safety concerns. PloS One, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172310
  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five‐factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x
  • McElfish, P. A., Willis, D. E., Shah, S. K., Bryant-Moore, K., Rojo, M. O., & Selig, J. P. (2021) Sociodemographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, fear of infection, and protection self-efficacy. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211040746
  • Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., McKay, R., Bennett, K., Mason, L., Gibson-Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Stocks, T., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature Communications, 12(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9
  • Okubo, R., Yoshioka, T., Ohfuji, S., Matsuo, T., & Tabuchi, T. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Japan. Vaccines, 9(6), 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060662
  • Özceylan, G., Toprak, D., & Esen, E. S. (2020). Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(5), 1034-1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182
  • Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.
  • Patty, N. J., Van Dijk, H. M., Wallenburg, I., Bal, R., Helmerhorst, T. J., Van Exel, J., & Cramm, J. M. (2017). To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Perspectives on HPV vaccination among girls, boys, and parents in the Netherlands: A Q-methodological study. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4879-2
  • Rieger, M. O. (2020). Triggering altruism increases the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19Social Health and Behavior, 3(3), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB_39_20
  • Roshchina, Y., Roshchin, S., & Rozhkova, K. (2022). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Russia. Vaccine, 40(39), 5739-5747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.042
  • Salali, G. D., & Uysal, M. S. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychological Medicine, 52(15), 3750-3752. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004067
  • Salerno, L., Craxì, L., Amodio, E., & Lo Coco, G. (2021). Factors affecting hesitancy to mRNA and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines among college students in Italy. Vaccines, 9(8), 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080927
  • Sarı, T., Temoçin, F., & Köse, H. (2017). Sağlık çalışanlarının influenza aşısına yaklaşımları. Klimik Journal/Klimik Dergisi, 30(2), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2017.15
  • Schmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., & Denker, M. L. (2017). Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior, a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PloS One, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170550
  • Siddiqui, M., Salmon, D. A., & Omer, S. B. (2013). Epidemiology of vaccine hesitancy in the United States. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 9(12), 2643-2648. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.27243
  • Sümer, N., & Sümer, H. C. (2005). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ölçeği (Yayımlanmamış çalışma).
  • Şahin, H. (2022). Türkiye’de COVID-19 aşısı karşıtlığının nedenleri: Twitter örneği. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 579-593. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1055054
  • Tekin, H. H., Karip, S., & Tekin, M. (2022). 18 yaş üstü vatandaşların Covid-19 aşı karşıtlığı nedenlerinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(3), 2121-2138. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097720
  • Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2006). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi: SPSS 10.0-12.0 for windows. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • World Health Organization. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: a growing challenge for immunization programmes. World Health Organization: Geneve, Switzerland.
  • Yılmaz, H. İ., Turğut, B., Çıtlak, G., Mert, O., Paralı, B., Engin, M., Aktaş, A., & Alimoğlu, O. (2021). Türkiye’de insanların Covid-19 aşısına bakışı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 48(3), 583-594. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.988080
  • Yiğit, T., Oktay, B. Ö., Özdemir, C. N., & Moustafa Paşa, S. (2020). Aşı kararsızlığı ve fikri gelişimi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 7(53), 1244-1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.1881
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ece Parlak 0000-0001-6403-5294

Hanife Merve Çatan 0000-0003-0848-4452

Esma Üzel 0000-0001-7154-9197

Birkan Kireç 0000-0001-6005-3313

Hasan Demirci 0000-0002-2948-0314

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Parlak, E., Çatan, H. M., Üzel, E., Kireç, B., vd. (2023). The Relationship Between Vaccine Hesitancy and Personality Traits. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(3), 469-488. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1211244