Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Applications in Therapy According to Various Criteria: A Meta-Analysis Study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 466 - 489, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1208024

Öz

Virtual reality (VR) applications have been increasingly utilized in the field of psychology over the past 15 years, particularly within cognitive-behavioral therapy, where VR is now a preferred method in multiple exposure techniques. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of VR in treating various mental disorders. The meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and included 17 studies out of 1,029 initially identified. Based on the heterogeneity test results, the studies were found to be homogeneously distributed (Q=23.09, p>.01), with a low level of heterogeneity (I²=30.71). The random effects model revealed a statistically significant overall effect size (η²= 0.73) for VR's effectiveness. This corresponds to a Hedges' g value indicating a medium to large effect size. The results suggest that VR is an effective treatment for a wide range of disorders, including stress-related conditions, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety, fear of public speaking, agoraphobia, specific phobias (e.g., spiders, heights, flying), and panic disorder. Additionally, VR has shown promise in empathy development interventions.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, J., Suárez, D., Tapia, F., ve Guerrero, G. (2018). Use of virtual reality using render semi-realistic as an alternative medium for the treatment of phobias. Case study: Arachnophobia. International Conference on Applied Informatics içinde (ss. 144-154). Springer, Cham.
  • Anderson, P. L., Price, M., Edwards, S. M., Obasaju, M. A., Schmertz, S. K., Zimand, E., ve Calamaras, M. R. (2013). Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(5), 751. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033559
  • Baños, R. M., Botella, C., Perpiñá, C., Alcañiz, M., Lozano, J. A., Osma, J., ve Gallardo, M. (2002). Virtual reality treatment of flying phobia. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 6(3), 206-212. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2002.802378
  • Baños, R. M., Guillen, V., Quero, S., Garcia-Palacios, A., Alcañiz, M., ve Botella, C. (2011). A virtual reality system for the treatment of stress-related disorders: A preliminary analysis of efficacy compared to a standard cognitive behavioral program. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(9), 602-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.06.002
  • Bashiri, A., Ghazisaeedi, M., ve Shahmoradi, L. (2017). The opportunities of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A literature review. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 60(11), 337. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2017.60.11.337
  • Beck, J. G., Palyo, S. A., Winer, E. H., Schwagler, B. E., ve Ang, E. J. (2007). Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD symptoms after a road accident: An uncontrolled case series. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.04.001
  • Bissonnette, J., Dubé, F., Provencher, M. D., ve Moreno Sala, M. T. (2016). Evolution of music performance anxiety and quality of performance during virtual reality exposure training. Virtual Reality, 20(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-016-0281-8
  • Bordnick, P. S., Traylor, A., Copp, H. L., Graap, K. M., Carter, B., Ferrer, M., ve Walton, A. P. (2008). Assessing reactivity to virtual reality alcohol-based cues. Addictive Behaviors, 33(6), 743-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.12.010
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., ve Rothstein, H. R. (2005). Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2. Englewood, NJ: Biostat.
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., ve Rothstein, H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed‐effect and random‐effects models for meta‐analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12
  • Botella, C., García‐Palacios, A., Villa, H., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., Alcañiz, M., ve Riva, G. (2007). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: A controlled study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 14(3), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.524
  • Botella, C., Osma, J., Garcia‐Palacios, A., Quero, S., ve Baños, R. M. (2004). Treatment of flying phobia using virtual reality: Data from a 1‐year follow‐up using a multiple baseline design. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 11(5), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.404
  • Bouchard, S. (2011). Could virtual reality be effective in treating children with phobias? Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(2), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.200
  • Bouchard, S., Bernier, F., Boivin, E., Dumoulin, S., Laforest, M., Guitard, T., ... ve Renaud, P. (2013). Empathy toward virtual humans depicting a known or unknown person expressing pain. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.1567
  • Bouchard, S., Côté, S., St-Jacques, J., Robillard, G., ve Renaud, P. (2006). Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using 3D games. Technology and Health Care, 14(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-2006-14103
  • Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., ... ve Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234
  • Bown, M. J., ve Sutton, A. J. (2010). Quality control in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 40(5), 669-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.08.006
  • Bush, J. (2007). Viability of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment alternative. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.001
  • Bush, J. (2008). Viability of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment alternative. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1032-1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.013
  • Cardoș, R. A., David, O. A., ve David, D. O. (2017). Virtual reality exposure therapy in flight anxiety: A quantitative meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.029
  • Carl, E., Stein, A. T., Levihn-Coon, A., Pogue, J. R., Rothbaum, B., Emmelkamp, P., ... ve Powers, M. B. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 61, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.003
  • Clemente, M., Rey, B., Alcañiz, M., Bretón-López, J., Botella, C., Rodríguez-Pujadas, A., ... ve Baños, R. M. (2013). fMRI assessment of small animals' phobia using virtual reality as stimulus. 2013 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare and Workshops içinde (ss. 344-347). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2013.252126
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2. basım). ABD: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Cote, S. (2006). Cognitive mechanisms underlying virtual reality exposure's efficacy in the treatment of arachnophobia [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. University of Ottawa, Canada.
  • Da Costa, R. T., Sardinha, A., ve Nardi, A. E. (2008). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of fear of flying. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79(9), 899-903.
  • Deng, W., Hu, D., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhao, J., Chen, Q., ... ve Li, X. (2019). The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 257, 698-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.086
  • Difede, J., Cukor, J., Jayasinghe, N., Patt, I., Jedel, S., Spielman, L., ... ve Hoffman, H. G. (2007). Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(11), 1639-1647. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v68n1106
  • Difede, J., Cukor, J., Patt, I., Giosan, C., ve Hoffman, H. (2006). The application of virtual reality to the treatment of PTSD following the WTC attack. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071(1), 500-501. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1364.053
  • Dinçer, S. (2014). Uygulamalı meta analiz (2. basım). Pegem Akademi.
  • Emmelkamp, P. M., Bruynzeel, M., Drost, L., ve van der Mast, C. A. G. (2001). Virtual reality treatment in acrophobia: A comparison with exposure in vivo. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 335-339. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210222
  • Eshuis, L. V., van Gelderen, M. J., van Zuiden, M., Nijdam, M. J., Vermetten, E., Olff, M., ve Bakker, A. (2021). Efficacy of immersive PTSD treatments: A systematic review of virtual and augmented reality exposure therapy and a meta-analysis of virtual reality exposure therapy. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 143, 516-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.016
  • Falconer, C. J., Rovira, A., King, J. A., Gilbert, P., Antley, A., Fearon, P., ve Brewin, C. R. (2016). Embodying self-compassion within virtual reality and its effects on patients with depression. British Journal of Psychiatry Open, 2(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002147
  • Ferrer-García, M., ve Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. (2012). The use of virtual reality in the study, assessment, and treatment of body image in eating disorders and nonclinical samples: A review of the literature. Body Image, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.10.001
  • Freeman, D. (2008). Studying and treating schizophrenia using virtual reality: A new paradigm. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(4), 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn020
  • Freeman, D., Haselton, P., Freeman, J., Spanlang, B., Kishore, S., Albery, E., ... ve Nickless, A. (2018). Automated psychological therapy using immersive virtual reality for treatment of fear of heights: A single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(8), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30226-8
  • Fuchs, P., Moreau, G., ve Guitton, P. (2011). Virtual reality in medicine. In P. Fuchs, G. Moreau, ve P. Guitton (Ed.), Virtual reality: Concepts and technologies (ss. 517-539). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10725-32
  • Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H. G., Kwong See, S., Tsai, A. M. Y., ve Botella, C. (2001). Redefining therapeutic success with virtual reality exposure therapy. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210232
  • Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H., Carlin, A., Furness III, T. A., ve Botella, C. (2002). Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: A controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(9), 983-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00068-7
  • Giotakos, O., Tsirgogianni, K., ve Tarnanas, I. (2007, Eylül). A virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) scenario for the reduction of fear of falling and balance rehabilitation training of elder adults with hip fracture history. 2007 Virtual Rehabilitation (ss. 155-158). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVR.2007.4362152
  • Gonçalves, R., Pedrozo, A. L., Coutinho, E. S. F., Figueira, I., ve Ventura, P. (2012). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD: A systematic review. PLoS One, 7(12), e48469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048469
  • Gorini, A., Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gaggioli, A., ve Riva, G. (2010). Virtual reality in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders. In B. K. Wiederhold ve G. Riva (Ed.), Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine (Cilt 8, ss. 39-43). Interactive Media Institute.
  • Göktaş, E. (2017). Bir eğitim politikası belirleme yöntemi: meta analiz. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 35-54.
  • Guitard, T., Bouchard, S., Bélanger, C., ve Berthiaume, M. (2019). Exposure to a standardized catastrophic scenario in virtual reality or a personalized scenario in imagination for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030309
  • Hadri, S. A., ve Bouramoul, A. (2020). Recent virtual reality advances in psychotherapy: A highly selective review. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, 3(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.33219/IJIAM.2020.01.002
  • Harris, S. R., Kemmerling, R. L., ve North, M. M. (2002). Brief virtual reality therapy for public speaking anxiety. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5(6), 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102321018187
  • Higgins, J. P. T., ve Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539-1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
  • Horigome, T., Kurokawa, S., Sawada, K., Kudo, S., Shiga, K., Mimura, M., ve Kishimoto, T. (2020). Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 50(15), 2487-2497. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719005246
  • Işıklı, S., Baran, Z., ve Aslan, S. (2019). Özgül fobilerde sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi uygulamaları ile tedaviye yardımcı araç geliştirme: Bir etkililik çalışması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(3), 254-263. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2019.12345
  • Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W.-P., Zijlstra, B. J. H., ve Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016
  • Kim, O., Pang, Y., ve Kim, J. H. (2019). The effectiveness of virtual reality for people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2180-x
  • Klinger, E., Bouchard, S., Légeron, P., Roy, S., Lauer, F., Chemin, I., ve Nugues, P. (2005). Virtual reality therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for social phobia: A preliminary controlled study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.76
  • Kothgassner, O. D., Goreis, A., Kafka, J. X., Van Eickels, R. L., Plener, P. L., ve Felnhofer, A. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1654782. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1654782
  • Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M., Olafsson, R. P., ve Biemond, R. (2004). Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(3), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.001
  • Krupić, D., Žuro, B., ve Corr, P. J. (2021). Anxiety and threat magnification in subjective and physiological responses of fear of heights induced by virtual reality. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110720
  • Lee, J. H., Ku, J., Kim, K., Kim, B., Kim, I. Y., Yang, B. H., ... ve Kim, S. I. (2007). Experimental application of virtual reality for nicotine craving through cue exposure. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 617-623. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9987
  • Lee, J. H., Park, S. U., Kang, J. I., Yang, D. J., ve Park, S. K. (2011). Effects of virtual reality exercise program on muscle activity and balance abilities in elderly women. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy, 23(4), 37-44. Levy, F., Leboucher, P., Rautureau, G., Komano, O., Millet, B., ve Jouvent, R. (2016). Fear of falling: Efficacy of virtual reality associated with serious games in elderly people. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 877-881. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S97803
  • Lindner, P., Dagöö, J., Hamilton, W., Miloff, A., Andersson, G., Schill, A., ve Carlbring, P. (2021). Virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety in routine care: A single-subject effectiveness trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 50(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2020.1811893
  • Ling, Y., Nefs, H. T., Morina, N., Heynderickx, I., ve Brinkman, W. P. (2014). A meta-analysis on the relationship between self-reported presence and anxiety in virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96144. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096144
  • Malbos, E., Rapee, R. M., ve Kavakli, M. (2013). A controlled study of agoraphobia and the independent effect of virtual reality exposure therapy. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867412465820
  • Malloy, K. M., ve Milling, L. S. (2010). The effectiveness of virtual reality distraction for pain reduction: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.07.001
  • Man, D. W. K., Chung, J. C. C., Lee, G. Y. Y., ve Lee, D. T. F. (2012). Evaluation of a virtual reality-based memory training programme for Hong Kong Chinese older adults with questionable dementia: A pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(5), 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2758
  • McLay, R. N., Wood, D. P., Webb-Murphy, J. A., Spira, J. L., Wiederhold, M. D., Pyne, J. M., ve Wiederhold, B. K. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(4), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0003
  • Morina, N., Ijntema, H., Meyerbröker, K., ve Emmelkamp, P. M. (2015). Can virtual reality exposure therapy gains be generalized to real-life? A meta-analysis of studies applying behavioral assessments. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 74, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.010
  • Opriş, D., Pintea, S., García-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Szamosközi, Ş., ve David, D. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: A quantitative meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 29(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20910
  • Optale, G., Pastore, M., Marin, S., Bordin, D., Nasta, A., ve Pianon, C. (2004). Male sexual dysfunctions: Immersive virtual reality and multimedia therapy. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 99, 165–178. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-944-8-165
  • Parsons, S., ve Cobb, S. (2011). State-of-the-art of virtual reality technologies for children on the autism spectrum. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 26(3), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2011.593831
  • Parsons, T. D., ve Rizzo, A. A. (2008). Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39(3), 250-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.007
  • Pelissolo, A., Zaoui, M., Aguayo, G., Yao, S. N., Roche, S., Ecochard, R., ... ve Cottraux, J. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia: A randomized comparison study. Journal of Cybertherapy and Rehabilitation, 5(1), 35-43.
  • Penn, D. L., Ivory, J. D., ve Judge, A. (2010). The virtual doppelganger: Effects of a virtual reality simulator on perceptions of schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(6), 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e07d6e
  • Piercey, C. D., Charlton, K., ve Callewaert, C. (2011). The effectiveness of self-help virtual reality for arachnophobia. Journal of CyberTherapy and Rehabilitation, 4(2), 289-291.
  • Powers, M. B., ve Emmelkamp, P. M. (2008). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.04.006
  • Rizzo, A., Cukor, J., Gerardi, M., Alley, S., Reist, C., Roy, M., ... ve Difede, J. (2015). Virtual reality exposure for PTSD due to military combat and terrorist attacks. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 45(4), 255-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-015-9306-3
  • Rose, V., Stewart, I., Jenkins, K. G., Ang, C. S., ve Matsangidou, M. (2018). A scoping review exploring the feasibility of virtual reality technology use with individuals living with dementia. ICAT-EGVE, 2018(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.2312/egve.20181339
  • Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Alarcon, R., Ready, D., Shahar, F., Graap, K., ... ve Baltzell, D. (1999). Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 12(2), 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024772308758
  • Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Smith, S., Lee, J. H., ve Price, L. (2000). A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 1020-1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.1020
  • Rus-Calafell, M., Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., ve Ribas-Sabaté, J. (2014). A virtual reality-integrated program for improving social skills in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.09.002
  • Segal, R., Bhatia, M., ve Drapeau, M. (2011). Therapists' perception of benefits and costs of using virtual reality treatments. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0398
  • Shah, L. B., Torres, S., Kannusamy, P., Chng, M. L., He, H. G., ve Klainin-Yobas, P. (2015). Efficacy of the virtual reality-based stress management program on stress-related variables in people with mood disorders: The feasibility study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 29(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.003
  • Suso-Ribera, C., Fernández-Álvarez, J., García-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H. G., Bretón-López, J., Baños, R. M., ... ve Botella, C. (2019). Virtual reality, augmented reality, and in vivo exposure therapy: A preliminary comparison of treatment efficacy in small animal phobia. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.0671
  • Sutcliffe, A. (2003). Multimedia and virtual reality: Designing multisensory user interfaces (1. basım). Psychology Press.
  • Şen, S. (2019). SPSS ile Meta-Analiz Nasıl Yapılır? Harran Maarif Dergisi, 4(1), 21-49.
  • Şen, S., ve Yıldırım, İ. (2020). CMA ile meta-analiz uygulamaları (1. basım). ANI Yayıncılık.
  • Uçkun, O. B. (2019). Uçak fobisinin giderilmesinde hipnotik yaklaşım ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Beykent Üniversitesi.
  • Vanni, F., Conversano, C., Del Debbio, A., Landi, P., Carlini, M., Fanciullacci, C., Bergamasco, M., Di Fiorino, A., ve Dell’Osso, L. (2013). A survey on virtual environment applications to fear of public speaking. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17(11), 1561–1568.
  • Ventura, S., Badenes-Ribera, L., Herrero, R., Cebolla, A., Galiana, L., ve Baños, R. (2020). Virtual reality as a medium to elicit empathy: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(10), 667-676. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0141
  • Wallace, S., Parsons, S., Westbury, A., White, K., ve Bailey, A. (2010). Sense of presence and atypical social judgments in immersive virtual environments: Responses of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 14(3), 199-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309348074
  • Wallach, H. S., ve Bar-Zvi, M. (2007). Virtual-reality-assisted treatment of flight phobia. Israel Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 29-32.
  • Wallach, H. S., Safir, M. P., ve Bar-Zvi, M. (2009). Virtual reality cognitive behavior therapy for public speaking anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Behavior Modification, 33(3), 314-338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445509331926
  • Wechsler, T. F., Kümpers, F., ve Mühlberger, A. (2019). Inferiority or even superiority of virtual reality exposure therapy in phobias? A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials specifically comparing the efficacy of virtual reality exposure to gold standard in vivo exposure in agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social phobia. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1758. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01758
  • Westwood, J. D. (2004). Virtual reality combats test anxiety: A case study report. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 12: Building a Better You: The Next Tools for Medical Education, Diagnosis, and Care, 98, 278.
  • Wiederhold, B. K., ve Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). Virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders: Advances in evaluation and treatment. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 28(3), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2005.05.010
  • Wu, J., Ma, Y., ve Ren, Z. (2020). Rehabilitative effects of virtual reality technology for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1811. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01811
  • Wuehr, M., Breitkopf, K., Decker, J., Ibarra, G., Huppert, D., ve Brandt, T. (2019). Fear of heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground. Journal of Neurology, 266(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-9123-5

Terapide Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Etkililiği: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 466 - 489, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1208024

Öz

Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının psikoloji alanında kullanılmaya başlanması 15 yıllık bir süreci kapsamasına karşın bu uygulamalar son zamanlarda özellikle bilişsel davranışçı terapi yaklaşımını benimseyen uzmanlar tarafından, başta maruz bırakma tekniği olmak üzere, birden çok tedavi yönteminde tercih edilen bir uygulama haline gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı genel olarak çeşitli bozuklukların tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının ele alındığı araştırmaların meta-analizini yapmak ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğinin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesidir. Mevcut meta-analiz, PRISMA beyanına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan taramalar sonucu 1029 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır ve ekleme-çıkarma ölçütlerine uygun bulunan 17 çalışma meta analize dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan heterojenite testi sonuçlarına göre çalışmaların dağılımının homojen olduğu belirlenmiştir (Q=23.09, p>.01). Heterojenite testi için I² istatistiği incelendiğinde dahil edilen çalışmaların düşük düzeyde heterojen olduğu görülmektedir (I²=30.71). Rastgele etkiler modeli dahilinde, çeşitli bozuklukların tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğine ilişkin genel etki büyüklüğü istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (η2 = 0.73). Elde edilen genel etki büyüklüğü Hedges’ g değeri orta etki büyüklüğü değer aralığına karşılık gelmektedir. Ulaşılan sonuca göre stres kaynaklı bozukluklar, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, topluluk önünde konuşma kaygısı, sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu, düşme fobisi, yükseklik fobisi, uçak fobisi, sosyal fobi, örümcek fobisi, agorafobi, panik bozukluk, diğer özgül fobilerin tedavisi ve empati geliştirme çalışmalarında sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkili bir tedavi yaklaşımı olduğu söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, J., Suárez, D., Tapia, F., ve Guerrero, G. (2018). Use of virtual reality using render semi-realistic as an alternative medium for the treatment of phobias. Case study: Arachnophobia. International Conference on Applied Informatics içinde (ss. 144-154). Springer, Cham.
  • Anderson, P. L., Price, M., Edwards, S. M., Obasaju, M. A., Schmertz, S. K., Zimand, E., ve Calamaras, M. R. (2013). Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(5), 751. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033559
  • Baños, R. M., Botella, C., Perpiñá, C., Alcañiz, M., Lozano, J. A., Osma, J., ve Gallardo, M. (2002). Virtual reality treatment of flying phobia. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 6(3), 206-212. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2002.802378
  • Baños, R. M., Guillen, V., Quero, S., Garcia-Palacios, A., Alcañiz, M., ve Botella, C. (2011). A virtual reality system for the treatment of stress-related disorders: A preliminary analysis of efficacy compared to a standard cognitive behavioral program. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(9), 602-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.06.002
  • Bashiri, A., Ghazisaeedi, M., ve Shahmoradi, L. (2017). The opportunities of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A literature review. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 60(11), 337. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2017.60.11.337
  • Beck, J. G., Palyo, S. A., Winer, E. H., Schwagler, B. E., ve Ang, E. J. (2007). Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD symptoms after a road accident: An uncontrolled case series. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.04.001
  • Bissonnette, J., Dubé, F., Provencher, M. D., ve Moreno Sala, M. T. (2016). Evolution of music performance anxiety and quality of performance during virtual reality exposure training. Virtual Reality, 20(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-016-0281-8
  • Bordnick, P. S., Traylor, A., Copp, H. L., Graap, K. M., Carter, B., Ferrer, M., ve Walton, A. P. (2008). Assessing reactivity to virtual reality alcohol-based cues. Addictive Behaviors, 33(6), 743-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.12.010
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., ve Rothstein, H. R. (2005). Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2. Englewood, NJ: Biostat.
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., ve Rothstein, H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed‐effect and random‐effects models for meta‐analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12
  • Botella, C., García‐Palacios, A., Villa, H., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., Alcañiz, M., ve Riva, G. (2007). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: A controlled study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 14(3), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.524
  • Botella, C., Osma, J., Garcia‐Palacios, A., Quero, S., ve Baños, R. M. (2004). Treatment of flying phobia using virtual reality: Data from a 1‐year follow‐up using a multiple baseline design. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 11(5), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.404
  • Bouchard, S. (2011). Could virtual reality be effective in treating children with phobias? Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(2), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.200
  • Bouchard, S., Bernier, F., Boivin, E., Dumoulin, S., Laforest, M., Guitard, T., ... ve Renaud, P. (2013). Empathy toward virtual humans depicting a known or unknown person expressing pain. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.1567
  • Bouchard, S., Côté, S., St-Jacques, J., Robillard, G., ve Renaud, P. (2006). Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using 3D games. Technology and Health Care, 14(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-2006-14103
  • Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., ... ve Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234
  • Bown, M. J., ve Sutton, A. J. (2010). Quality control in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 40(5), 669-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.08.006
  • Bush, J. (2007). Viability of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment alternative. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.001
  • Bush, J. (2008). Viability of virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment alternative. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1032-1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.013
  • Cardoș, R. A., David, O. A., ve David, D. O. (2017). Virtual reality exposure therapy in flight anxiety: A quantitative meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.029
  • Carl, E., Stein, A. T., Levihn-Coon, A., Pogue, J. R., Rothbaum, B., Emmelkamp, P., ... ve Powers, M. B. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 61, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.003
  • Clemente, M., Rey, B., Alcañiz, M., Bretón-López, J., Botella, C., Rodríguez-Pujadas, A., ... ve Baños, R. M. (2013). fMRI assessment of small animals' phobia using virtual reality as stimulus. 2013 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare and Workshops içinde (ss. 344-347). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2013.252126
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2. basım). ABD: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Cote, S. (2006). Cognitive mechanisms underlying virtual reality exposure's efficacy in the treatment of arachnophobia [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. University of Ottawa, Canada.
  • Da Costa, R. T., Sardinha, A., ve Nardi, A. E. (2008). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of fear of flying. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79(9), 899-903.
  • Deng, W., Hu, D., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhao, J., Chen, Q., ... ve Li, X. (2019). The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 257, 698-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.086
  • Difede, J., Cukor, J., Jayasinghe, N., Patt, I., Jedel, S., Spielman, L., ... ve Hoffman, H. G. (2007). Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(11), 1639-1647. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v68n1106
  • Difede, J., Cukor, J., Patt, I., Giosan, C., ve Hoffman, H. (2006). The application of virtual reality to the treatment of PTSD following the WTC attack. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071(1), 500-501. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1364.053
  • Dinçer, S. (2014). Uygulamalı meta analiz (2. basım). Pegem Akademi.
  • Emmelkamp, P. M., Bruynzeel, M., Drost, L., ve van der Mast, C. A. G. (2001). Virtual reality treatment in acrophobia: A comparison with exposure in vivo. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 335-339. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210222
  • Eshuis, L. V., van Gelderen, M. J., van Zuiden, M., Nijdam, M. J., Vermetten, E., Olff, M., ve Bakker, A. (2021). Efficacy of immersive PTSD treatments: A systematic review of virtual and augmented reality exposure therapy and a meta-analysis of virtual reality exposure therapy. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 143, 516-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.016
  • Falconer, C. J., Rovira, A., King, J. A., Gilbert, P., Antley, A., Fearon, P., ve Brewin, C. R. (2016). Embodying self-compassion within virtual reality and its effects on patients with depression. British Journal of Psychiatry Open, 2(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002147
  • Ferrer-García, M., ve Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. (2012). The use of virtual reality in the study, assessment, and treatment of body image in eating disorders and nonclinical samples: A review of the literature. Body Image, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.10.001
  • Freeman, D. (2008). Studying and treating schizophrenia using virtual reality: A new paradigm. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(4), 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn020
  • Freeman, D., Haselton, P., Freeman, J., Spanlang, B., Kishore, S., Albery, E., ... ve Nickless, A. (2018). Automated psychological therapy using immersive virtual reality for treatment of fear of heights: A single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(8), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30226-8
  • Fuchs, P., Moreau, G., ve Guitton, P. (2011). Virtual reality in medicine. In P. Fuchs, G. Moreau, ve P. Guitton (Ed.), Virtual reality: Concepts and technologies (ss. 517-539). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10725-32
  • Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H. G., Kwong See, S., Tsai, A. M. Y., ve Botella, C. (2001). Redefining therapeutic success with virtual reality exposure therapy. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210232
  • Garcia-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H., Carlin, A., Furness III, T. A., ve Botella, C. (2002). Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: A controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(9), 983-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00068-7
  • Giotakos, O., Tsirgogianni, K., ve Tarnanas, I. (2007, Eylül). A virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) scenario for the reduction of fear of falling and balance rehabilitation training of elder adults with hip fracture history. 2007 Virtual Rehabilitation (ss. 155-158). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVR.2007.4362152
  • Gonçalves, R., Pedrozo, A. L., Coutinho, E. S. F., Figueira, I., ve Ventura, P. (2012). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD: A systematic review. PLoS One, 7(12), e48469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048469
  • Gorini, A., Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gaggioli, A., ve Riva, G. (2010). Virtual reality in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders. In B. K. Wiederhold ve G. Riva (Ed.), Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine (Cilt 8, ss. 39-43). Interactive Media Institute.
  • Göktaş, E. (2017). Bir eğitim politikası belirleme yöntemi: meta analiz. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 35-54.
  • Guitard, T., Bouchard, S., Bélanger, C., ve Berthiaume, M. (2019). Exposure to a standardized catastrophic scenario in virtual reality or a personalized scenario in imagination for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030309
  • Hadri, S. A., ve Bouramoul, A. (2020). Recent virtual reality advances in psychotherapy: A highly selective review. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, 3(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.33219/IJIAM.2020.01.002
  • Harris, S. R., Kemmerling, R. L., ve North, M. M. (2002). Brief virtual reality therapy for public speaking anxiety. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5(6), 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102321018187
  • Higgins, J. P. T., ve Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539-1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
  • Horigome, T., Kurokawa, S., Sawada, K., Kudo, S., Shiga, K., Mimura, M., ve Kishimoto, T. (2020). Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 50(15), 2487-2497. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719005246
  • Işıklı, S., Baran, Z., ve Aslan, S. (2019). Özgül fobilerde sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi uygulamaları ile tedaviye yardımcı araç geliştirme: Bir etkililik çalışması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(3), 254-263. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2019.12345
  • Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W.-P., Zijlstra, B. J. H., ve Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016
  • Kim, O., Pang, Y., ve Kim, J. H. (2019). The effectiveness of virtual reality for people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2180-x
  • Klinger, E., Bouchard, S., Légeron, P., Roy, S., Lauer, F., Chemin, I., ve Nugues, P. (2005). Virtual reality therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for social phobia: A preliminary controlled study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.76
  • Kothgassner, O. D., Goreis, A., Kafka, J. X., Van Eickels, R. L., Plener, P. L., ve Felnhofer, A. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1654782. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1654782
  • Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M., Olafsson, R. P., ve Biemond, R. (2004). Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(3), 259-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.001
  • Krupić, D., Žuro, B., ve Corr, P. J. (2021). Anxiety and threat magnification in subjective and physiological responses of fear of heights induced by virtual reality. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110720
  • Lee, J. H., Ku, J., Kim, K., Kim, B., Kim, I. Y., Yang, B. H., ... ve Kim, S. I. (2007). Experimental application of virtual reality for nicotine craving through cue exposure. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 617-623. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9987
  • Lee, J. H., Park, S. U., Kang, J. I., Yang, D. J., ve Park, S. K. (2011). Effects of virtual reality exercise program on muscle activity and balance abilities in elderly women. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy, 23(4), 37-44. Levy, F., Leboucher, P., Rautureau, G., Komano, O., Millet, B., ve Jouvent, R. (2016). Fear of falling: Efficacy of virtual reality associated with serious games in elderly people. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 877-881. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S97803
  • Lindner, P., Dagöö, J., Hamilton, W., Miloff, A., Andersson, G., Schill, A., ve Carlbring, P. (2021). Virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety in routine care: A single-subject effectiveness trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 50(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2020.1811893
  • Ling, Y., Nefs, H. T., Morina, N., Heynderickx, I., ve Brinkman, W. P. (2014). A meta-analysis on the relationship between self-reported presence and anxiety in virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96144. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096144
  • Malbos, E., Rapee, R. M., ve Kavakli, M. (2013). A controlled study of agoraphobia and the independent effect of virtual reality exposure therapy. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(2), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867412465820
  • Malloy, K. M., ve Milling, L. S. (2010). The effectiveness of virtual reality distraction for pain reduction: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.07.001
  • Man, D. W. K., Chung, J. C. C., Lee, G. Y. Y., ve Lee, D. T. F. (2012). Evaluation of a virtual reality-based memory training programme for Hong Kong Chinese older adults with questionable dementia: A pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(5), 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2758
  • McLay, R. N., Wood, D. P., Webb-Murphy, J. A., Spira, J. L., Wiederhold, M. D., Pyne, J. M., ve Wiederhold, B. K. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(4), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0003
  • Morina, N., Ijntema, H., Meyerbröker, K., ve Emmelkamp, P. M. (2015). Can virtual reality exposure therapy gains be generalized to real-life? A meta-analysis of studies applying behavioral assessments. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 74, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.010
  • Opriş, D., Pintea, S., García-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Szamosközi, Ş., ve David, D. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: A quantitative meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 29(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20910
  • Optale, G., Pastore, M., Marin, S., Bordin, D., Nasta, A., ve Pianon, C. (2004). Male sexual dysfunctions: Immersive virtual reality and multimedia therapy. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 99, 165–178. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-944-8-165
  • Parsons, S., ve Cobb, S. (2011). State-of-the-art of virtual reality technologies for children on the autism spectrum. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 26(3), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2011.593831
  • Parsons, T. D., ve Rizzo, A. A. (2008). Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39(3), 250-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.007
  • Pelissolo, A., Zaoui, M., Aguayo, G., Yao, S. N., Roche, S., Ecochard, R., ... ve Cottraux, J. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia: A randomized comparison study. Journal of Cybertherapy and Rehabilitation, 5(1), 35-43.
  • Penn, D. L., Ivory, J. D., ve Judge, A. (2010). The virtual doppelganger: Effects of a virtual reality simulator on perceptions of schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(6), 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e07d6e
  • Piercey, C. D., Charlton, K., ve Callewaert, C. (2011). The effectiveness of self-help virtual reality for arachnophobia. Journal of CyberTherapy and Rehabilitation, 4(2), 289-291.
  • Powers, M. B., ve Emmelkamp, P. M. (2008). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.04.006
  • Rizzo, A., Cukor, J., Gerardi, M., Alley, S., Reist, C., Roy, M., ... ve Difede, J. (2015). Virtual reality exposure for PTSD due to military combat and terrorist attacks. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 45(4), 255-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-015-9306-3
  • Rose, V., Stewart, I., Jenkins, K. G., Ang, C. S., ve Matsangidou, M. (2018). A scoping review exploring the feasibility of virtual reality technology use with individuals living with dementia. ICAT-EGVE, 2018(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.2312/egve.20181339
  • Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Alarcon, R., Ready, D., Shahar, F., Graap, K., ... ve Baltzell, D. (1999). Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 12(2), 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024772308758
  • Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Smith, S., Lee, J. H., ve Price, L. (2000). A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 1020-1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.1020
  • Rus-Calafell, M., Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., ve Ribas-Sabaté, J. (2014). A virtual reality-integrated program for improving social skills in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.09.002
  • Segal, R., Bhatia, M., ve Drapeau, M. (2011). Therapists' perception of benefits and costs of using virtual reality treatments. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0398
  • Shah, L. B., Torres, S., Kannusamy, P., Chng, M. L., He, H. G., ve Klainin-Yobas, P. (2015). Efficacy of the virtual reality-based stress management program on stress-related variables in people with mood disorders: The feasibility study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 29(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.003
  • Suso-Ribera, C., Fernández-Álvarez, J., García-Palacios, A., Hoffman, H. G., Bretón-López, J., Baños, R. M., ... ve Botella, C. (2019). Virtual reality, augmented reality, and in vivo exposure therapy: A preliminary comparison of treatment efficacy in small animal phobia. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.0671
  • Sutcliffe, A. (2003). Multimedia and virtual reality: Designing multisensory user interfaces (1. basım). Psychology Press.
  • Şen, S. (2019). SPSS ile Meta-Analiz Nasıl Yapılır? Harran Maarif Dergisi, 4(1), 21-49.
  • Şen, S., ve Yıldırım, İ. (2020). CMA ile meta-analiz uygulamaları (1. basım). ANI Yayıncılık.
  • Uçkun, O. B. (2019). Uçak fobisinin giderilmesinde hipnotik yaklaşım ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Beykent Üniversitesi.
  • Vanni, F., Conversano, C., Del Debbio, A., Landi, P., Carlini, M., Fanciullacci, C., Bergamasco, M., Di Fiorino, A., ve Dell’Osso, L. (2013). A survey on virtual environment applications to fear of public speaking. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17(11), 1561–1568.
  • Ventura, S., Badenes-Ribera, L., Herrero, R., Cebolla, A., Galiana, L., ve Baños, R. (2020). Virtual reality as a medium to elicit empathy: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(10), 667-676. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0141
  • Wallace, S., Parsons, S., Westbury, A., White, K., ve Bailey, A. (2010). Sense of presence and atypical social judgments in immersive virtual environments: Responses of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 14(3), 199-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309348074
  • Wallach, H. S., ve Bar-Zvi, M. (2007). Virtual-reality-assisted treatment of flight phobia. Israel Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 29-32.
  • Wallach, H. S., Safir, M. P., ve Bar-Zvi, M. (2009). Virtual reality cognitive behavior therapy for public speaking anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Behavior Modification, 33(3), 314-338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445509331926
  • Wechsler, T. F., Kümpers, F., ve Mühlberger, A. (2019). Inferiority or even superiority of virtual reality exposure therapy in phobias? A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials specifically comparing the efficacy of virtual reality exposure to gold standard in vivo exposure in agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social phobia. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1758. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01758
  • Westwood, J. D. (2004). Virtual reality combats test anxiety: A case study report. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 12: Building a Better You: The Next Tools for Medical Education, Diagnosis, and Care, 98, 278.
  • Wiederhold, B. K., ve Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). Virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders: Advances in evaluation and treatment. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 28(3), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2005.05.010
  • Wu, J., Ma, Y., ve Ren, Z. (2020). Rehabilitative effects of virtual reality technology for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1811. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01811
  • Wuehr, M., Breitkopf, K., Decker, J., Ibarra, G., Huppert, D., ve Brandt, T. (2019). Fear of heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground. Journal of Neurology, 266(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-9123-5
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Kuramsal Derleme
Yazarlar

Nur Hilal Yıldırım 0000-0002-5146-2083

Tuğba Seda Çolak 0000-0002-7219-1999

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi 7 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, N. H., & Çolak, T. S. (2024). Terapide Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Etkililiği: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 11(3), 466-489. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1208024