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THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 121, 41 - 64, 21.03.2025

Öz

The article studies the image of earthquakes in Tatar folklore and literature. The study revealed a range of Tatar vocabulary related to the earthquake theme. We prove that the small amount of language material under consideration сan be explained by the fact that the Republic of Tatarstan is located in a weakly seismic zone, so its inhabitants both in ancient times and now could rarely witness this natural disaster. The study revealed the predominance of the sworn expression «zhir upsyn» (may I fall through the earth) in the vocabulary, which is closely related to sinkholes in karst, which have the character of craters, caves, subsidences, saucers, basins, karst ditches and lakes in our republic. This oath has penetrated from oral speech into the works of oral folk art and literature. Descriptions of earthquakes are found in Tatar folk tales and toponymic legends. In them, this natural element is described as a terrible disaster, the finger of fate, God's providence, God's punishment, punishment for sins. This didactic message and religious discourse will find its place later in literary works. The first Tatar work, dedicated to the earthquake in Sicily, dates back to 1913. It is written in the genre of bayt (a poetic work) and its author was a sailor or a merchant. The work contains a description of the destroyed city and an operation to rescue survivors. The witnesses of the earthquakes in Crimea and Tashkent expressed their impressions in the genre of memories. In his novel, “The Japanese Tatar” V. Imamov (2003) describes the earthquake in 1928 in Tokyo. Ramis Aymet and Saniya Akhmetzyanova responded in a poetic form to the tragedy of 2023 that happened in Turkey. In addition to the realistic pictures of destruction, they contain observations of the people’s behavior in a critical situation. These artistic texts are united by the didactic message of the authors, who consider the earthquake as a terrible warning to a person mired in sin and pride. In addition to realistically and reliably portrayed images of destruction, they contain observations of the behavior of people in critical situations. This is the moral potential of these works.

Kaynakça

  • Aguoru, D. (2013). Japanese Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Storms as Archetypal Symbols: an Explication of Kamo no Chōmei’s The Earthquake, The Tale of Heike, Rai Sanyō’s Hearing of the Earthquake in Kyoto and the Great East Japan Earthquake. Proceedings of the Association for Japanese Literary Studies, (14), 272–280.
  • Butanaev, Yu.V., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Sugarokova A.M. (2018) Pervye rezul'taty istoriko-seismologicheskogo analiza tuvinskogo fol'klora dlya ocenki seismicheskoi opasnosti Respubliki Tuva, Novye issledovaniya Tuvy, N. 3, 190-204.
  • Çevirme, H. (2020). “A cultural approach to earthquake coping strategies: examples of Turkish folk poems and memorates September 2020”, Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi, 31(13), 1073-1087.
  • Chernenko, Ya.V. (2018) Velikie zemletryaseniya v Yaponii v literature XX v. (Great earthquakes in Japan in the literature of the 20th century) Problemy zarubezhnogo regionovedeniya: politika, ekonomika, kul'tura. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskij Gosudarstvennyj Tekhnicheskij Universitet.
  • Clancey, G. (2006). Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. XIII.
  • Imamov, V. (2014). Yapon Tatary (Japan Tatar) Imamov V. Zhidegen. Kazan.
  • Isanbet, N. (1967) Tatar Miflary, (N. Isanbәtnen arhivy). Kulyazma.
  • Jun Tang. (2011). Ezra Pound’s The River Merchant’s Wife: Representations of a Decontextualized “Chineseness”. Meta: Translators' Journal, Vol. 56, N. 3, 526-537.
  • Khapaev, V.V. (2008). Pis'mennye istochniki po istorii Krymskih zemletryasenij antichnogo i srednevekovogo periodov (Written sources on the history of the Crimean earthquakes of the ancient and medieval periods) Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo nacional’nogo universiteta. Seriya «Istoriya», Vol. 21 (60), № 1, 3–8.
  • Maһdiev, M. (1979). Ber tarikhi baet ezennen (In the footsteps of a historical bait) Soc. Tatarstan.
  • Mirzoev, K.M., Rakhmatullin M.H., Gatiyatullin R.N. (2000) Tatarstan (s drevnejshih vremyon po 1994 god) (Tatarstan (from ancient times to 1994)), Zemletryaseniya Severnoj Evrazii v 1994 g.
  • Mukhemmedova, G. (2012) Istelek (Rememberance) Galimzhan Ibraһimov: terzhemei khele, istelekler, eserlere һ.b. (Galimzhan Ibragimov: essays, memoirs, works), Kazan.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (1983). Zemletryaseniya v legendah i skazaniyah (Earthquakes in legends and tales), Priroda, No. 11, 66–75.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (2004). Sejsmicheskie motivy v «Kalevale» i real'nye potryaseniya v Karelii (Seismic motifs in «Kalevala» and real earthquakes in Karelia), Priroda, No: 8, 25–31.
  • Podalko, P.E. (2004) Zemletryasenie v Tokio i Iokogame i sud'ba russkoj diaspory (Earthquakes in Tokyo and Yokohama and the fate of the Russian Diaspora), Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region, N. 4, 114–127.
  • Radlov, V.V. (1893). Opyt Slovarja Tjurkskih Narechіj, Tom 1,Chast 2. Saint-Peterscurg: Tipografija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk.
  • Shafranskaya, E.F. (2015). Zemletryasenie kak pattern tashkentskogo teksta russkoj kul'tury (Earthquake as a pattern of the Tashkent text of Russian culture), Prirodnye Stihii V Russkoj Slovesnosti, 55–63.
  • Tatar halyk ekiyatlare (Tatar folk tales. (1958). Kazan.
  • Tatar halyk mekalelere (Tatar folk proverbs). (1959). Kazan.
  • Tatar Telenen Anlatmaly Sүzlege (Explanatory dictionary of the Tatar language). (1977). Kazan.
  • Timergalin, A. (2016). Milliyat suzlege: anlatmaly suzlek (Dictionary of the nation: Explanatory dictionary). Kazan.
  • Tinchurin, K. (2021). Pesalar (Plays). Kazan.
  • Kharis R. (2017). Uba, Kazan utlary, No. 12, 3–9.
  • Yelkin, V.A. (2004). Regional'naya ocenka karstovoj opasnosti i riska: Na primere Respubliki Tatarstan: avtoreferat dis. kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskih, Moscow: Nauk.
  • Zaripova-Chetin, Ch. (2003). Koyashka yul tota karvanym: Shigyrlәr. Kazan: “Matbugat yorty” nashr.
  • Internet Resources:
  • Ahmetzhanova, S. (2023, 15 April.) Khater bagynda (On Guard of Memory). Medeni zhomga. URL-1 :https://madanizhomga.ru/news/kykregemde-shigyir-utyim-saumyi/saniia-axmatanova-xater-bagynda (accessed: 2.07.2023).
  • URL-2: Türkiyädän tatarça tapşıru // https://www.trt.net.tr/tatarca/podcast/tapsirular/turkiiad-n-tatarcha-tapshyru-turkiya-asa-tatarstan-ham-don-ya-xabarlare-14-03-2023-14-00-podkast (accessed: 4.07.2023).
  • URL-3 https://antat.tmweb.ru/zhurnal-nash-dom-tatarstan/9/2663/ (accessed: 3.07.2023).
  • URL-4:https://eusp.org/sites/default/files/archive/islamology/Sochinenya/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8._1928_%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5.pdf?ysclid=ljqzebfinw751290029 (accessed: 4.07.2023).

TATAR FOLKLORU VE EDEBİYATINDA DEPREM TEMASI

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 121, 41 - 64, 21.03.2025

Öz

Bu makale, Tatar folkloru ve edebiyatındaki deprem konusu incelemektedir. Çalışmada, depremlerle ilgili Tatarca kelime dağarcığı tespit edilmiştir. Konuya ilişkin sınırlı dil malzemesinin, Tataristan Cumhuriyeti'nin düşük sismik aktiviteye sahip bir bölgede yer almasına bağlı olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, geçmişte ve günümüzde bölge sakinleri bu doğal afete nadiren tanık olmuştur. Çalışmada, Tatar dilinde sıkça kullanılan “zhir upsyn” (“yerin dibine geçeyim”) yeminine de dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu ifade, bölgedeki karstik oluşumlarla, özellikle de obruklar ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Kraterler, mağaralar, çöküntü alanları, havzalar ve göller gibi coğrafi oluşumlar bölgede yaygındır. Söz konusu yemin, zamanla günlük konuşma dilinden sözlü halk edebiyatına ve yazılı edebiyata aktarılmıştır. Tatar halk masalları ve yer adlarıyla ilgili efsanelerde, depremler genellikle büyük bir felaket, kaderin bir cilvesi, ilahi bir irade, Tanrı’nın gazabı ya da günahların bir cezası olarak betimlenmiştir. Bu didaktik mesaj ve dinî söylem, daha sonraki dönemlerde edebî eserlerde de kendine yer bulmuştur. Tatar edebiyatında depreme adanmış en erken eser, 1913 yılında yazılmış olup Sicilya’daki bir depremi konu almaktadır. Bayt (şiirsel bir anlatım türü) türünde kaleme alınan bu eserin muhtemel yazarı, bir denizci ya da tüccardır. Eserde yıkılan şehir ve hayatta kalanların kurtarılma süreci tasvir edilmiştir. Kırım ve Taşkent’te meydana gelen depremlere tanıklık edenler, deneyimlerini hatıra türünde kaleme almıştır. Vakhit Imamov, Japon Tatarı (2003) adlı romanında 1928 Tokyo depremini ele almaktadır. 2023 yılında Türkiye’de meydana gelen deprem sonrasında ise Ramis Aymet ve Saniya Akhmetzyanova, bu felaketi konu alan şiirleri kaleme almıştır. Bu eserlerde yalnızca yıkımın gerçekçi tasvirleri değil, aynı zamanda kriz anlarında insan davranışlarına yönelik derinlemesine değerlendirmeler de yer almaktadır. Söz konusu edebi metinler, ortak bir didaktik mesaj taşımaktadır: Deprem, günahlar ve kibir içinde boğulan insanlığa ciddi bir uyarı niteliğinde görülmektedir. Felaketin canlı ve gerçekçi betimlemelerinin yanı sıra, insanın kritik anlardaki tepkilerini de gözler önüne seren bu metinler, içerdiği ahlakî unsurlarla edebî derinlik kazanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aguoru, D. (2013). Japanese Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Storms as Archetypal Symbols: an Explication of Kamo no Chōmei’s The Earthquake, The Tale of Heike, Rai Sanyō’s Hearing of the Earthquake in Kyoto and the Great East Japan Earthquake. Proceedings of the Association for Japanese Literary Studies, (14), 272–280.
  • Butanaev, Yu.V., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Sugarokova A.M. (2018) Pervye rezul'taty istoriko-seismologicheskogo analiza tuvinskogo fol'klora dlya ocenki seismicheskoi opasnosti Respubliki Tuva, Novye issledovaniya Tuvy, N. 3, 190-204.
  • Çevirme, H. (2020). “A cultural approach to earthquake coping strategies: examples of Turkish folk poems and memorates September 2020”, Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi, 31(13), 1073-1087.
  • Chernenko, Ya.V. (2018) Velikie zemletryaseniya v Yaponii v literature XX v. (Great earthquakes in Japan in the literature of the 20th century) Problemy zarubezhnogo regionovedeniya: politika, ekonomika, kul'tura. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskij Gosudarstvennyj Tekhnicheskij Universitet.
  • Clancey, G. (2006). Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. XIII.
  • Imamov, V. (2014). Yapon Tatary (Japan Tatar) Imamov V. Zhidegen. Kazan.
  • Isanbet, N. (1967) Tatar Miflary, (N. Isanbәtnen arhivy). Kulyazma.
  • Jun Tang. (2011). Ezra Pound’s The River Merchant’s Wife: Representations of a Decontextualized “Chineseness”. Meta: Translators' Journal, Vol. 56, N. 3, 526-537.
  • Khapaev, V.V. (2008). Pis'mennye istochniki po istorii Krymskih zemletryasenij antichnogo i srednevekovogo periodov (Written sources on the history of the Crimean earthquakes of the ancient and medieval periods) Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo nacional’nogo universiteta. Seriya «Istoriya», Vol. 21 (60), № 1, 3–8.
  • Maһdiev, M. (1979). Ber tarikhi baet ezennen (In the footsteps of a historical bait) Soc. Tatarstan.
  • Mirzoev, K.M., Rakhmatullin M.H., Gatiyatullin R.N. (2000) Tatarstan (s drevnejshih vremyon po 1994 god) (Tatarstan (from ancient times to 1994)), Zemletryaseniya Severnoj Evrazii v 1994 g.
  • Mukhemmedova, G. (2012) Istelek (Rememberance) Galimzhan Ibraһimov: terzhemei khele, istelekler, eserlere һ.b. (Galimzhan Ibragimov: essays, memoirs, works), Kazan.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (1983). Zemletryaseniya v legendah i skazaniyah (Earthquakes in legends and tales), Priroda, No. 11, 66–75.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (2004). Sejsmicheskie motivy v «Kalevale» i real'nye potryaseniya v Karelii (Seismic motifs in «Kalevala» and real earthquakes in Karelia), Priroda, No: 8, 25–31.
  • Podalko, P.E. (2004) Zemletryasenie v Tokio i Iokogame i sud'ba russkoj diaspory (Earthquakes in Tokyo and Yokohama and the fate of the Russian Diaspora), Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region, N. 4, 114–127.
  • Radlov, V.V. (1893). Opyt Slovarja Tjurkskih Narechіj, Tom 1,Chast 2. Saint-Peterscurg: Tipografija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk.
  • Shafranskaya, E.F. (2015). Zemletryasenie kak pattern tashkentskogo teksta russkoj kul'tury (Earthquake as a pattern of the Tashkent text of Russian culture), Prirodnye Stihii V Russkoj Slovesnosti, 55–63.
  • Tatar halyk ekiyatlare (Tatar folk tales. (1958). Kazan.
  • Tatar halyk mekalelere (Tatar folk proverbs). (1959). Kazan.
  • Tatar Telenen Anlatmaly Sүzlege (Explanatory dictionary of the Tatar language). (1977). Kazan.
  • Timergalin, A. (2016). Milliyat suzlege: anlatmaly suzlek (Dictionary of the nation: Explanatory dictionary). Kazan.
  • Tinchurin, K. (2021). Pesalar (Plays). Kazan.
  • Kharis R. (2017). Uba, Kazan utlary, No. 12, 3–9.
  • Yelkin, V.A. (2004). Regional'naya ocenka karstovoj opasnosti i riska: Na primere Respubliki Tatarstan: avtoreferat dis. kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskih, Moscow: Nauk.
  • Zaripova-Chetin, Ch. (2003). Koyashka yul tota karvanym: Shigyrlәr. Kazan: “Matbugat yorty” nashr.
  • Internet Resources:
  • Ahmetzhanova, S. (2023, 15 April.) Khater bagynda (On Guard of Memory). Medeni zhomga. URL-1 :https://madanizhomga.ru/news/kykregemde-shigyir-utyim-saumyi/saniia-axmatanova-xater-bagynda (accessed: 2.07.2023).
  • URL-2: Türkiyädän tatarça tapşıru // https://www.trt.net.tr/tatarca/podcast/tapsirular/turkiiad-n-tatarcha-tapshyru-turkiya-asa-tatarstan-ham-don-ya-xabarlare-14-03-2023-14-00-podkast (accessed: 4.07.2023).
  • URL-3 https://antat.tmweb.ru/zhurnal-nash-dom-tatarstan/9/2663/ (accessed: 3.07.2023).
  • URL-4:https://eusp.org/sites/default/files/archive/islamology/Sochinenya/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8._1928_%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5.pdf?ysclid=ljqzebfinw751290029 (accessed: 4.07.2023).

ТАТАР ФОЛЬКЛОРЫ ЖӘНЕ ӘДЕБИЕТІНДЕГІ ЖЕР СІЛКІНІСІ ТАҚЫРЫБЫ

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 121, 41 - 64, 21.03.2025

Öz

Мақалада татар халық фольклорында және әдебиетінде жер сілкінісінің бейнесі қарастырылады. Зерттеу барысында жер сілкінісі тақырыбына қатысты татар тіліндегі сөздік қор анықталды. Біз қарастырылып отырған тілдік материалдың аздығын Татарстан Республикасының әлсіз сейсмикалық аймақта орналасуымен түсіндіреміз, сондықтан оның тұрғындары көне замандарда да, қазіргі кезде де бұл табиғи апаттың сирек куәсі болған. Зерттеу барысында сөздік қорда «жир ұпсын» (жерге батсам екен) деген қарғыс сөзінің басым екендігі анықталды. Бұл сөз тіркесі республикадағы карсттық үңгірлер, кратерлер, шөгу аймақтары, ыдыс тәрізді жерлер, карсттық орлар мен көлдермен байланысты. Бұл қарғыс ауызекі сөйлеуден халық ауыз әдебиеті мен әдебиетіне енген. Жер сілкінісі туралы сипаттамалар татар халық ертегілерінде және топонимикалық аңыздарда кездеседі. Онда бұл табиғи құбылыс апат, тағдыр саусағы, Құдайдың ақиқаты, Құдайдың жазасы, күнә үшін жазалау ретінде сипатталады. Бұл діни және дидактикалық хабарламалар кейінірек әдеби шығармаларда өз орнын табады. 1913 жылы Сицилиядағы жер сілкінісіне арналған алғашқы татар шығармасы жазылды. Ол байт жанрында (поэтикалық шығарма) жазылған және авторы теңізші немесе саудагер болған. Шығармада қиратылған қала мен тірі қалғандарды құтқару операциясы туралы баяндалады. Қырым мен Ташкенттегі жер сілкінісінің куәгерлері өз әсерлерін естелік жанрында жазған. В. Имамовтың «Жапон татарлары» романында 1928 жылғы Токио жер сілкінісі суреттелген. Рамис Аймет және Сания Ахметзянова 2023 жылы Түркияда болған жер сілкінісіне поэтикалық жауап берген. Бұл шығармаларда жоюлардың реалистік суреттерімен қатар, адамдардың қауіпті жағдайдағы мінез-құлқына талдаулар бар. Авторлардың дидактикалық хабарламасы осы шығармаларды біріктіреді, олар жер сілкінісін күнәға батқан және мақтаншақ адам үшін Құдайдың ескертпесі ретінде қарастырады. Бұл шығармалардың моральдық мәні адамдардың қауіпті жағдайларда қалай әрекет ететінін көрсетуде жатыр.

Kaynakça

  • Aguoru, D. (2013). Japanese Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Storms as Archetypal Symbols: an Explication of Kamo no Chōmei’s The Earthquake, The Tale of Heike, Rai Sanyō’s Hearing of the Earthquake in Kyoto and the Great East Japan Earthquake. Proceedings of the Association for Japanese Literary Studies, (14), 272–280.
  • Butanaev, Yu.V., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Sugarokova A.M. (2018) Pervye rezul'taty istoriko-seismologicheskogo analiza tuvinskogo fol'klora dlya ocenki seismicheskoi opasnosti Respubliki Tuva, Novye issledovaniya Tuvy, N. 3, 190-204.
  • Çevirme, H. (2020). “A cultural approach to earthquake coping strategies: examples of Turkish folk poems and memorates September 2020”, Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi, 31(13), 1073-1087.
  • Chernenko, Ya.V. (2018) Velikie zemletryaseniya v Yaponii v literature XX v. (Great earthquakes in Japan in the literature of the 20th century) Problemy zarubezhnogo regionovedeniya: politika, ekonomika, kul'tura. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskij Gosudarstvennyj Tekhnicheskij Universitet.
  • Clancey, G. (2006). Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. XIII.
  • Imamov, V. (2014). Yapon Tatary (Japan Tatar) Imamov V. Zhidegen. Kazan.
  • Isanbet, N. (1967) Tatar Miflary, (N. Isanbәtnen arhivy). Kulyazma.
  • Jun Tang. (2011). Ezra Pound’s The River Merchant’s Wife: Representations of a Decontextualized “Chineseness”. Meta: Translators' Journal, Vol. 56, N. 3, 526-537.
  • Khapaev, V.V. (2008). Pis'mennye istochniki po istorii Krymskih zemletryasenij antichnogo i srednevekovogo periodov (Written sources on the history of the Crimean earthquakes of the ancient and medieval periods) Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo nacional’nogo universiteta. Seriya «Istoriya», Vol. 21 (60), № 1, 3–8.
  • Maһdiev, M. (1979). Ber tarikhi baet ezennen (In the footsteps of a historical bait) Soc. Tatarstan.
  • Mirzoev, K.M., Rakhmatullin M.H., Gatiyatullin R.N. (2000) Tatarstan (s drevnejshih vremyon po 1994 god) (Tatarstan (from ancient times to 1994)), Zemletryaseniya Severnoj Evrazii v 1994 g.
  • Mukhemmedova, G. (2012) Istelek (Rememberance) Galimzhan Ibraһimov: terzhemei khele, istelekler, eserlere һ.b. (Galimzhan Ibragimov: essays, memoirs, works), Kazan.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (1983). Zemletryaseniya v legendah i skazaniyah (Earthquakes in legends and tales), Priroda, No. 11, 66–75.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (2004). Sejsmicheskie motivy v «Kalevale» i real'nye potryaseniya v Karelii (Seismic motifs in «Kalevala» and real earthquakes in Karelia), Priroda, No: 8, 25–31.
  • Podalko, P.E. (2004) Zemletryasenie v Tokio i Iokogame i sud'ba russkoj diaspory (Earthquakes in Tokyo and Yokohama and the fate of the Russian Diaspora), Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region, N. 4, 114–127.
  • Radlov, V.V. (1893). Opyt Slovarja Tjurkskih Narechіj, Tom 1,Chast 2. Saint-Peterscurg: Tipografija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk.
  • Shafranskaya, E.F. (2015). Zemletryasenie kak pattern tashkentskogo teksta russkoj kul'tury (Earthquake as a pattern of the Tashkent text of Russian culture), Prirodnye Stihii V Russkoj Slovesnosti, 55–63.
  • Tatar halyk ekiyatlare (Tatar folk tales. (1958). Kazan.
  • Tatar halyk mekalelere (Tatar folk proverbs). (1959). Kazan.
  • Tatar Telenen Anlatmaly Sүzlege (Explanatory dictionary of the Tatar language). (1977). Kazan.
  • Timergalin, A. (2016). Milliyat suzlege: anlatmaly suzlek (Dictionary of the nation: Explanatory dictionary). Kazan.
  • Tinchurin, K. (2021). Pesalar (Plays). Kazan.
  • Kharis R. (2017). Uba, Kazan utlary, No. 12, 3–9.
  • Yelkin, V.A. (2004). Regional'naya ocenka karstovoj opasnosti i riska: Na primere Respubliki Tatarstan: avtoreferat dis. kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskih, Moscow: Nauk.
  • Zaripova-Chetin, Ch. (2003). Koyashka yul tota karvanym: Shigyrlәr. Kazan: “Matbugat yorty” nashr.
  • Internet Resources:
  • Ahmetzhanova, S. (2023, 15 April.) Khater bagynda (On Guard of Memory). Medeni zhomga. URL-1 :https://madanizhomga.ru/news/kykregemde-shigyir-utyim-saumyi/saniia-axmatanova-xater-bagynda (accessed: 2.07.2023).
  • URL-2: Türkiyädän tatarça tapşıru // https://www.trt.net.tr/tatarca/podcast/tapsirular/turkiiad-n-tatarcha-tapshyru-turkiya-asa-tatarstan-ham-don-ya-xabarlare-14-03-2023-14-00-podkast (accessed: 4.07.2023).
  • URL-3 https://antat.tmweb.ru/zhurnal-nash-dom-tatarstan/9/2663/ (accessed: 3.07.2023).
  • URL-4:https://eusp.org/sites/default/files/archive/islamology/Sochinenya/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8._1928_%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5.pdf?ysclid=ljqzebfinw751290029 (accessed: 4.07.2023).

ТЕМА ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ В ТАТАРСКОМ ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ И ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 121, 41 - 64, 21.03.2025

Öz

Статья посвящается изучению образа землетрясений в татарском фольклоре и литературе. В ходе исследования выявлен круг татарской лексики, связанной с темой землетрясения. Доказано, что малый объем языкового материала обусловлен тем, что Республика Татарстан, место компактного проживания татар, находится в слабосейсмической зоне, поэтому ее жители как в древности, так и в настоящее время редко становились свидетелями этого стихийного бедствия. В рамках исследования выявлено преобладание в лексике клятвенного выражения «җир упсын» (пусть провалиться мне сквозь землю), которое тесно связано с провалами карста, имеющими в нашей республике характер воронок, пещер, оседаний, блюдец, котловин, карстовых рвов и озер. Данная клятва из устной речи проникла в произведения устного народного творчества и литературы. Описание землетрясений встречается в татарских народных сказках, топонимических легендах. В них данная природная стихия описывается как страшное бедствие, перст судьбы, божье провидение, Божья кара, наказание за грехи. Данный дидактический посыл и религиозный дискурс найдет свое место в дальнейшем и в литературных произведениях. Первое татарское произведение, посвященное землетрясению в Сицилии, датируется 1913 г. Оно написано в жанре баита. Ее автором был очевидец-матрос или торговец. В произведении содержится описание разрушенного города, операции по спасению выживших. Очевидцы землетрясений в Крыме и Ташкенте свои впечатления выразили в жанре воспоминаний. В.Имамов в своем романе «Япон татары» (Японский татарин, 2003) описывает землетрясение 1928 г. в Токио, жертвами которого в том числе стали татарские эмигранты. Рамис Аймет, Сания Ахметзянова откликнулись в поэтической форме на трагедию 2023 г., случившуюся в Турции. Эти художественные тексты объединяет дидактический посыл авторов, рассматривающих землетрясение как грозное предупреждение человеку, погрязшему в грехе и гордыне. В них помимо реалистически достоверно переданных картин разрушений, содержатся наблюдения за поведением людей, оказавшихся в критической ситуации. В этом состоит нравственный потенциал этих произведений. Р.Харис использует карстовый провал как метафору для осмысления сталинских репрессий, отталкивается от мифологической символики, связанной с образом Убыр. Поэт также прибегает к мотиву нравственного наказания человека за грехи. В творчестве поэта Чулпан Зариповой-Четин землетрясение выступает в качестве хронотопа, точкой отсчета ее жизни в Турции, а также метафоры преодоления жизненных трудностей и ударов судьбы

Kaynakça

  • Aguoru, D. (2013). Japanese Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Storms as Archetypal Symbols: an Explication of Kamo no Chōmei’s The Earthquake, The Tale of Heike, Rai Sanyō’s Hearing of the Earthquake in Kyoto and the Great East Japan Earthquake. Proceedings of the Association for Japanese Literary Studies, (14), 272–280.
  • Butanaev, Yu.V., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Sugarokova A.M. (2018) Pervye rezul'taty istoriko-seismologicheskogo analiza tuvinskogo fol'klora dlya ocenki seismicheskoi opasnosti Respubliki Tuva, Novye issledovaniya Tuvy, N. 3, 190-204.
  • Çevirme, H. (2020). “A cultural approach to earthquake coping strategies: examples of Turkish folk poems and memorates September 2020”, Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi, 31(13), 1073-1087.
  • Chernenko, Ya.V. (2018) Velikie zemletryaseniya v Yaponii v literature XX v. (Great earthquakes in Japan in the literature of the 20th century) Problemy zarubezhnogo regionovedeniya: politika, ekonomika, kul'tura. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskij Gosudarstvennyj Tekhnicheskij Universitet.
  • Clancey, G. (2006). Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. XIII.
  • Imamov, V. (2014). Yapon Tatary (Japan Tatar) Imamov V. Zhidegen. Kazan.
  • Isanbet, N. (1967) Tatar Miflary, (N. Isanbәtnen arhivy). Kulyazma.
  • Jun Tang. (2011). Ezra Pound’s The River Merchant’s Wife: Representations of a Decontextualized “Chineseness”. Meta: Translators' Journal, Vol. 56, N. 3, 526-537.
  • Khapaev, V.V. (2008). Pis'mennye istochniki po istorii Krymskih zemletryasenij antichnogo i srednevekovogo periodov (Written sources on the history of the Crimean earthquakes of the ancient and medieval periods) Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo nacional’nogo universiteta. Seriya «Istoriya», Vol. 21 (60), № 1, 3–8.
  • Maһdiev, M. (1979). Ber tarikhi baet ezennen (In the footsteps of a historical bait) Soc. Tatarstan.
  • Mirzoev, K.M., Rakhmatullin M.H., Gatiyatullin R.N. (2000) Tatarstan (s drevnejshih vremyon po 1994 god) (Tatarstan (from ancient times to 1994)), Zemletryaseniya Severnoj Evrazii v 1994 g.
  • Mukhemmedova, G. (2012) Istelek (Rememberance) Galimzhan Ibraһimov: terzhemei khele, istelekler, eserlere һ.b. (Galimzhan Ibragimov: essays, memoirs, works), Kazan.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (1983). Zemletryaseniya v legendah i skazaniyah (Earthquakes in legends and tales), Priroda, No. 11, 66–75.
  • Nikonov, A.A. (2004). Sejsmicheskie motivy v «Kalevale» i real'nye potryaseniya v Karelii (Seismic motifs in «Kalevala» and real earthquakes in Karelia), Priroda, No: 8, 25–31.
  • Podalko, P.E. (2004) Zemletryasenie v Tokio i Iokogame i sud'ba russkoj diaspory (Earthquakes in Tokyo and Yokohama and the fate of the Russian Diaspora), Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region, N. 4, 114–127.
  • Radlov, V.V. (1893). Opyt Slovarja Tjurkskih Narechіj, Tom 1,Chast 2. Saint-Peterscurg: Tipografija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk.
  • Shafranskaya, E.F. (2015). Zemletryasenie kak pattern tashkentskogo teksta russkoj kul'tury (Earthquake as a pattern of the Tashkent text of Russian culture), Prirodnye Stihii V Russkoj Slovesnosti, 55–63.
  • Tatar halyk ekiyatlare (Tatar folk tales. (1958). Kazan.
  • Tatar halyk mekalelere (Tatar folk proverbs). (1959). Kazan.
  • Tatar Telenen Anlatmaly Sүzlege (Explanatory dictionary of the Tatar language). (1977). Kazan.
  • Timergalin, A. (2016). Milliyat suzlege: anlatmaly suzlek (Dictionary of the nation: Explanatory dictionary). Kazan.
  • Tinchurin, K. (2021). Pesalar (Plays). Kazan.
  • Kharis R. (2017). Uba, Kazan utlary, No. 12, 3–9.
  • Yelkin, V.A. (2004). Regional'naya ocenka karstovoj opasnosti i riska: Na primere Respubliki Tatarstan: avtoreferat dis. kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskih, Moscow: Nauk.
  • Zaripova-Chetin, Ch. (2003). Koyashka yul tota karvanym: Shigyrlәr. Kazan: “Matbugat yorty” nashr.
  • Internet Resources:
  • Ahmetzhanova, S. (2023, 15 April.) Khater bagynda (On Guard of Memory). Medeni zhomga. URL-1 :https://madanizhomga.ru/news/kykregemde-shigyir-utyim-saumyi/saniia-axmatanova-xater-bagynda (accessed: 2.07.2023).
  • URL-2: Türkiyädän tatarça tapşıru // https://www.trt.net.tr/tatarca/podcast/tapsirular/turkiiad-n-tatarcha-tapshyru-turkiya-asa-tatarstan-ham-don-ya-xabarlare-14-03-2023-14-00-podkast (accessed: 4.07.2023).
  • URL-3 https://antat.tmweb.ru/zhurnal-nash-dom-tatarstan/9/2663/ (accessed: 3.07.2023).
  • URL-4:https://eusp.org/sites/default/files/archive/islamology/Sochinenya/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8._1928_%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5.pdf?ysclid=ljqzebfinw751290029 (accessed: 4.07.2023).
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kuzey-Batı (Kıpçak) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları, Türkiye Dışındaki Türk Halk Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mileuşe Khabutdinova 0000-0001-8110-4001

Alsu Ashrapova 0000-0002-5412-491X

Gülüse Aksoy 0000-0003-3827-9054

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 121

Kaynak Göster

APA Khabutdinova, M., Ashrapova, A., & Aksoy, G. (2025). THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE. Türkoloji(121), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.59358/ayt.1628446
AMA Khabutdinova M, Ashrapova A, Aksoy G. THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE. Türkoloji. Mart 2025;(121):41-64. doi:10.59358/ayt.1628446
Chicago Khabutdinova, Mileuşe, Alsu Ashrapova, ve Gülüse Aksoy. “THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE”. Türkoloji, sy. 121 (Mart 2025): 41-64. https://doi.org/10.59358/ayt.1628446.
EndNote Khabutdinova M, Ashrapova A, Aksoy G (01 Mart 2025) THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE. Türkoloji 121 41–64.
IEEE M. Khabutdinova, A. Ashrapova, ve G. Aksoy, “THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE”, Türkoloji, sy. 121, ss. 41–64, Mart 2025, doi: 10.59358/ayt.1628446.
ISNAD Khabutdinova, Mileuşe vd. “THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE”. Türkoloji 121 (Mart 2025), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.59358/ayt.1628446.
JAMA Khabutdinova M, Ashrapova A, Aksoy G. THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE. Türkoloji. 2025;:41–64.
MLA Khabutdinova, Mileuşe vd. “THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE”. Türkoloji, sy. 121, 2025, ss. 41-64, doi:10.59358/ayt.1628446.
Vancouver Khabutdinova M, Ashrapova A, Aksoy G. THE THEME OF EARTHQUAKES IN TATAR FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE. Türkoloji. 2025(121):41-64.