Relationships Between Selected Tomato Genotypes and Determination of Resistance Levels Against Some Pathogens

Abstract

Objective:It has become imperative to develop hybrid varieties that carry disease and pest resistance alleles in order to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production in an ecofriendly manner with reduced costs.The aim of the present work was to determine genetic relationships within a collection of tomato genotypes that have potential to be utilized as parents in breeding programs according to their agromorphological properties, as well as to reveal their resistance status for Meloidogyne incognita,Tomato Mosaic Virus, Verticillium wilt, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Tomato Yellow Leaf CurlingVirus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.in the collection. Material and Method: Molecular studies were carried out at the Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory of Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science.Field studies were carried out in the greenhouse facilities of the SELKO company located in Antalya.In the course of the work, molecular studies were carried out in order to determine the homogeneity levels of the genotypes, reveal the genetic relationships among the genotypes and determine their resistance against the aforementioned pathogens. Result: As a result of the study, a total of 137 SSR alleles were obtained from 92 tomato genotypes. The mean PIC value of the SSR markers used in the study was 0.49. The marker with the highest PIC value was determined to be LE15 (0.496). Genetic diversity among tomato genotypes was determined using the unweighted Neigbor-joining (NJ) method and a dendrogram was created. As a result of the genetic diversity analysis, tomato genotypes were clustered into six groups (Group A-F). Accordingly,14 genotypes were clustered in group A, 13 in group B, 17 in group C, 17 in group D, 13 in group E and 17 in group F. Conclusion: NJ dendrogram created as a result of the diversity analysis with ESTSSR allele data, it was determined that the genotypes were grouped into four main clusters that consisted ofsix groups. The mean dissimilarity value was determined as 0.38. There are several differentabiotic stress factors that affect tomato farming. In this context, the existence of genotypes with disease and pest resistance allelesis very important. As a result of the study, genotypes 1, 5,11, 26, 28, 40,53,63, 66, 70, 79, 87 and 88 were found to be resistant to all testedpathogens (Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato Mosaic Virus, Verticillium wilt, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Tomato Yellow Leaf CurlingVirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.).

Keywords

• tomato
• genetic diversity
• molecularmarker

Seçilmiş Domatesler Arasında Genetik İlişkiler ve Bazı Patojenlere Karşı Dayanım Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Günümüzde, çevre dostu üretim tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi, verim ve kalitenin arttırılması ve yetiştiricilerin daha az maaliyetle üretim yapabilmeleri için hastalık ve zararlılara karşı direnç genlerini içeren hibrit çeşitler geliştirmek zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında agromorfolojik özellikleri bakımından ebeveyn olmaya uygun bir domates genotip koleksiyonu içinde genetik benzerlik ilişkilerinin ortaya konması ve bu genotiplerin Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato Mosaic Virus, Verticillium wilt, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Tomato Yellow Leaf CurlingVirus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici patojenlerine karşı dayanıklılık seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, genotipler arası akrabalık ilişkilerin belirlenmesi ve adı geçen patojenlere karşı dayanımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın arazi aşaması Antalya'da bulunan SELKO şirketine ait olan AR-Ge serasında, moleküler çalışmalar ise Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Bulguları: Çalışmamızda 92 adet domates genotipinde toplam 137 adet SSR alleli elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan SSR markörlerinin ortalama PIC değeri 0.49’dur. En yüksek PIC değeri olan markörün 0.496 değeri ile LE15 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Domates genotipleri arasındaki genetik çeşitlilik unweighted Neigbor-joining (NJ) yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve dendrogramı oluşturulmuştur. Genetik çeşitlilik analizi sonucu çalışmaya dahil genotiplerin altı gruba ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerin gruplara sayıca dağılımı A grubunda 14, B grubunda 13, C grubunda 17, D grubunda 17, E grubunda 13, F grubunda ise 17 genotip şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Uzaklık matrisi ve oluşturulan dendrogramı arasında, yüksek düzeyde korelasyon görülmektedir (r = 0.91). Ortalama benzemezlik değeri, 0,38 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: ESTSSR allel verileri ile gerçekleştirilen çeşitlilik analizi sonucunda oluşturulan NJ dendrogramı, genotiplerinin dört ana küme oluşturduğu ve genotiplerin altı grupta toplandığı belirlenmiştir. Ortalama benzemezlik değeri 0,38 olarak belirlenmiştir. Domates tarımında verimliliği olumsuz yönde etkileyen birçok abiyotik stres faktörü mevcuttur. Verimlilik için hastalık ve zararlılara karşı dayanıklılık alellerinesahip genotiplerin varlığı oldukça önemlidir. Çalışma sonucunda Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato Mosaic Virus, Verticillium wilt, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curling Virus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. patojenlerin tümüne birden 1,5,11, 26, 28, 40,53, 63, 66, 70, 79, 87 ve 88 nolu genotipler dayanıklı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Domates
• genetik çeşitlilik
• moleküler markör

Kaynakça

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