Assessment of Agronomic Traits and Essential Oil Yield in Various Local Mint (Mentha piperita L.) Genotypes

Abstract

Objective: Mentha piperita L. has long been used in medicine, pharmaceutical industry, food and cosmetic industries due to the bioactive compounds it contains. This study was carried out to determine some agronomic characteristics and essential oil yield of mint genotypes collected from different regions of Ordu province. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 different genotypes collected from 16 different districts of Ordu province were used in the study. Rooted mint cuttings were grown in unheated plastic greenhouse in balcony type plastic pots. Mint plants were harvested in 3 different periods and shoot length, leaf width, leaf length, colour characteristics, leaf chlorophyll index, total yield and essential oil yield were determined. Principal component analyses were performed using the data obtained from these traits. Unweighted pair group method algorithm (UPGMA) clustering analysis was performed using Euclidean similarity distance and dendrograms of genotypes were formed. Results: At the end of the study, plant length was 12.2-60.6 cm, leaf width 0.8-4.3 cm, leaf length 1.2-9.8 cm, leaf chlorophyll index 4.75-47.8 cci (SPAD), essential oil yield 0.45-2.9% and total yield 0.1-4.2 t da-1 in mint genotypes. As a result of the principal component analysis, the eigenvalues of the first 4 principal component axes were found to be greater than 1. The first 3 axes have high variation percentage compared to other axes. Mint genotypes were divided into 2 main groups and 4 subgroups in the UPGMA dendrogram. While G12 and G33 were the closest mint genotypes, G10 and G11 were found to be genetically distant genotypes. Conclusion: In the study, genotypes that exhibit potential in terms of total yield and essential oil yield have been identified. As a result of the research, agronomic characteristics and essential oil ratios of different mint genotypes were determined and qualified genotypes that can be material for future breeding studies were determined.

Keywords

• Chroma
• Hue angle
• landraces
• morphological characteristics
• volatile oil

Çeşitli Yerel Nane (Mentha piperita L.) Genotiplerinde Agronomik Özelliklerin ve Uçucu Yağ Veriminin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Mentha piperita L. içerdiği biyoaktif bileşikler nedeniyle tıp, ilaç endüstrisi, gıda ve kozmetik endüstrilerinde uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma Ordu ilinin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan nane genotiplerinde bazı agronomik özellikler ile uçucu yağ veriminin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Ordu ilinin 16 farklı ilçesinden toplanan, toplam 44 farklı genotip kullanılmıştır. Köklenmiş nane çelikleri ısıtmasız plastik serada balkon tipi plastik saksılarda yetiştirilmiştir. Naneler 3 farklı dönemde hasat edilmiş ve bitkilerde sürgün boyu, yaprak eni, yaprak uzunluğu, renk özellikleri, yaprak klorofil indeksi, toplam verim ve uçucu yağ verimi belirlenmiştir. Bu özelliklere göre temel bileşen analizi yapılmıştır. Öklid benzerlik mesafesi kullanılarak, ağırlıksız çift grup yöntemi algoritması (UPGMA) kümeleme analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve genotiplerin dendogramları oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmanın sonunda nane genotiplerinde bitki sürgün boyları 12.2-60.6 cm, yaprak eni 0.8-4.3 cm, yaprak uzunluğu 1.2-9.8 cm, yaprak klorofil indeksi 4.75-47.8 cci (SPAD), uçucu yağ verimi %0.45-2.9 ve toplam verim 0.1-4.2 t da-1 aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan temel bileşen analizi sonucunda ilk 4 temel bileşen ekseninin öz değeri 1’den büyük bulunmuştur. İlk 3 eksen diğer eksenlere göre yüksek varyasyon yüzdesine sahiptir. Oluşan dendogram sonucunda 2 grup, 4 alt grup meydana gelmiştir. Birbirine en yakın genotipler G12 ile G33, en uzak genotipler ise G10 ile G11 genotipleri olmuştur. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda farklı nane genotiplerinin agronomik özellikleri ile uçucu yağ oranları belirlenerek ileride yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarına materyal olabilecek nitelikli genotipler belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kroma
• Hue açısı
• genotip
• morfolojik özellikler
• uçucu yağ

Kaynakça

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