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Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions

Cilt: 15 7 Temmuz 2026
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Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between basic chemical composition parameters and physical color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, Hue, and Chroma) of milk obtained from Jersey and Holstein cows raised in the Mediterranean Region. Materials and Methods: Milk components (fat, protein, lactose, SNF, density, pH, freezing point, etc.) were determined using the Milkana Multi Test Analyzer based on the ultrasonic principle. Milk color was measured with the HunterLab Color Analyzer to obtain lightness (L*), redness–greenness (a*), and yellowness–blueness (b*) values, and Hue and Chroma were calculated. Results: Under the same care and feeding conditions, Jersey milk had a significantly higher L* value than Holstein milk, indicating a lighter and brighter appearance, which may be associated with higher fat content due to greater light reflectance. The a* values were negative in both breeds, showing that the color tone was on the greenish–reddish axis; however, the difference between breeds was not statistically significant. In addition, the b* value was significantly higher in Jersey milk than in Holstein milk, indicating greater yellowness. Conclusion: Jersey and Holstein milks differed in key color traits, particularly in L* and b*, whereas a* values were similar. These findings suggest that milk color characteristics can reflect compositional differences between breeds under comparable management conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dairy cattle, physicochemical properties, colorimetry, hue, chroma

Kaynakça

  1. Auldist, M. J., Johnston, K. A., White, N. J., Fitzsimons, W. P., & Boland, M. J. (2004). A comparison of the composition, coagulation characteristics and cheesemaking capacity of milk from Friesian and Jersey dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 71(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029903006575
  2. Belitz, H. D., Grosch, W., & Schieberle, P. (2004). Milk and Dairy Products. In Food Chemistry (pp. 505–550). Springer.
  3. Bobe, G., Beitz, D. C., Freeman, A. E., & Lindberg, G. L. (2004). Effect of milk composition on butter composition and properties. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(4), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73913-7
  4. Cheng, Y., Zhang, H., & Li, X. (2021). Effect of cow breed and diet on milk color and composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 104(7), 7852–7864.
  5. Chung, Y. J., Kim, D. H., & Lee, S. J. (2017). Relationship between milk color and chemical composition in different dairy breeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(3), 2114–2122.
  6. Claycomb, R. W., Munro, P. A., & Singh, H. (2014). Influence of milk composition on dairy product functionality. International Dairy Journal, 35(2), 153–160.
  7. Costa, A., Lopez-Villalobos, N., & Penasa, M. (2019). Genetic and environmental variation of milk coagulation properties in Holstein–Friesian and Jersey cows. Animals, 9(10), 780.
  8. Espada, E. B., Vijverberg, H., McLean, J., Sinclair, M., & West, B. (2002, March 20–22). Milk colour analysis as a tool for the detection of abnormal milk. In First North American Conference on Robotic Milking (pp. IV-28–IV-38). Toronto, Canada.
  9. Fernández-Vázquez, R., Stinco, C. M., Meléndez-Martínez, A. J., Heredia, F. J., & Vicario, I. M. (2011). Visual and instrumental evaluation of orange juice colour: A consumers’ preference study. Journal of Sensory Studies, 26, 436–444.
  10. Fox, P. F., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2015). Advanced dairy chemistry: Volume 3 – Lactose, water, salts and minor constituents. Springer.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Doğan, S., & Göncü, S. (2026). Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 15. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1902004
AMA
1.Doğan S, Göncü S. Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1902004
Chicago
Doğan, Sena, ve Serap Göncü. 2026. “Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (Temmuz). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1902004.
EndNote
Doğan S, Göncü S (01 Temmuz 2026) Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15
IEEE
[1]S. Doğan ve S. Göncü, “Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions”, Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, c. 15, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.29278/azd.1902004.
ISNAD
Doğan, Sena - Göncü, Serap. “Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (01 Temmuz 2026). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1902004.
JAMA
1.Doğan S, Göncü S. Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1902004.
MLA
Doğan, Sena, ve Serap Göncü. “Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, c. 15, Temmuz 2026, doi:10.29278/azd.1902004.
Vancouver
1.Sena Doğan, Serap Göncü. Milk Composition and Color Parameters in Jersey and Holstein Cows in The Mediterranean Conditions. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 01 Temmuz 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1902004