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Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits

Cilt: 15 24 Eylül 2026
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Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize pepper genotypes based on morphological and pomological traits, evaluate phenotypic diversity using the Shannon–Weaver diversity index, and examine the relationships among genotypes and traits through multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted under open-field conditions. Plant, leaf, and fruit traits were evaluated based on UPOV criteria. Both qualitative and quantitative traits were analyzed together, and frequency distributions were examined using histograms. Descriptive statistics and the Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) were calculated for quantitative data. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed to determine the relationships among genotypes. Results: The results revealed a high level of variation among genotypes, particularly in fruit-related traits. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index values ranged from 1.12 to 2.04, indicating a moderate level of genetic diversity within the population. According to the PCA results, the first two principal components explained 49.60% of the total variation, and the genotypes were grouped into four main clusters. These groups corresponded to fruit types: capia, long (sivri), ornamental, and bell peppers. The results of cluster analysis also supported the presence of a clear morphological differentiation among genotypes. Conclusion: The evaluated genetic material represents an important source of variation for breeding programs. In particular, fruit traits should be considered as primary selection criteria.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Characterization, genetic variation, PCA, Shannon–Weaver index

Kaynakça

  1. Aydın, A., & Başak, H. (2024). Morphological and pomological characterization of F2 generation cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants of different fruit types. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 8(4), 932–943. https://doi.org/10.31015/JAEFS.2024.4.23
  2. Aydın, A., Başak, H., Aydın, H., Güngör, R. (2024). Characterization of F2 generation tomato plants and marker assisted selection against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 8(3), 618–628. https://doi.org/10.31015/JAEFS.2024.3.15
  3. Aydın, H., & Pınar H. (2026a). Development of Phytophthora capsici–resistant Kahramanmaraş pepper lines using marker-assisted selection and anther culture. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 10(1), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.31015/JAEFS.2026.1.17
  4. Aydın, H., & Pınar, H. (2026b). Association mapping of fatty acid composition in pepper recombinant inbred lines. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 54(1), e70050. https://doi.org/10.1002/NZC2.70050;SUBPAGE:STRING:FULL
  5. Barboza, G. E., García, C. C., González, S. L., Scaldaferro, M., & Reyes, X. (2019). Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PloS One, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0209792
  6. Başak, H. (2019). Kırşehir yerel sivri biber (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum) populasyonlarinin agronomik ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 22(2), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.18016/KSUTARIMDOGA.VI.488204
  7. Başak, H. (2021). Comparison of cemele pepper with bell pepper genotypes (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) with respect to agronomic and morphological characteristics. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 20(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.24326/ASPHC.2021.2.12
  8. Borovsky, Y., Oren-Shamir, M., Ovadia, R., De Jong, W., & Paran, I. (2004). The A locus that controls anthocyanin accumulation in pepper encodes a MYB transcription factor homologous to Anthocyanin2 of Petunia. TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik, 109(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00122-004-1625-9
  9. Duruk, Z., & Pinar, H. (2023). Bazı Elazığ biberi (Capsicum annuuum L.) genotiplerinin morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.24180/IJAWS.1186739
  10. Eshbaugh, W. H. (2012). The taxonomy of the genus capsicum. Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses, 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845937676.0014;PAGEGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION

Kaynak Göster

APA
Başak, H., & Aydin, A. (2026). Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 15. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1938001
AMA
1.Başak H, Aydin A. Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1938001
Chicago
Başak, Hakan, ve Alim Aydin. 2026. “Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (Eylül). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1938001.
EndNote
Başak H, Aydin A (01 Eylül 2026) Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15
IEEE
[1]H. Başak ve A. Aydin, “Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits”, Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, c. 15, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.29278/azd.1938001.
ISNAD
Başak, Hakan - Aydin, Alim. “Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (01 Eylül 2026). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1938001.
JAMA
1.Başak H, Aydin A. Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1938001.
MLA
Başak, Hakan, ve Alim Aydin. “Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, c. 15, Eylül 2026, doi:10.29278/azd.1938001.
Vancouver
1.Hakan Başak, Alim Aydin. Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Pepper Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1938001