Ordu İli Yaprak Lahana Ekim Alanlarından İzole Edilen Rhizoctonia Grubu Fungusların Anastomozis Gruplarının, Karakteristik Özelliklerinin ve Patojenisitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2020, , 229 - 238, 30.12.2020

Halil İbrahim Benli , Muharrem Türkkan

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.695494

Öz

2017-2018 vejetasyon döneminde Ordu ilinin on bir ilçesi (Akkuş, Altınordu, Aybastı, Çatalpınar, Çaybaşı, Fatsa, Perşembe, Gölköy, Gülyalı, Gürgentepe ve Ulubey)’nden hastalıklı yaprak lahana bitkileri ve onların rizosfer toprağından toplam elli dört Rhizoctonia spp. izolatı elde edilmiştir. Rhizoctonia spp. izolatlarının kültürel özellikleri, anastomozis grupları ve patojenisiteleri incelenmiştir. Bu izolatların %62.96’sının binükleik (BN) Rhizoctonia spp. (AG-A, AG-E, AG-F, AG-K ve AG-O) ve %37.34’ünün multinükleik (MN) Rhizoctonia solani (AG 1, AG 2-1, AG 4 ve AG 5) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sörvey yapılan tüm arazilerde en yaygın grup, 22 izolat ile BN Rhizoctonia spp. AG-A olarak belirlenmiştir. Geri kalan 32 izolatın 10’u R. solani AG 4, 6’sı BN Rhizoctonia spp. AG-K, 4’ü R. solani AG 2-1, dördü BN Rhizoctonia spp. AG-F, 3’ü R. solani AG 5, 1’er tanesi R. solani AG 1, BN Rhizoctonia AG-E ve AG-O’ya ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm izolatların %53.70’i kullanılarak yaprak lahana fideleri üzerinde yürütülen patojenisite testlerinde, genel olarak BN ve MN Rhizoctonia spp. izolatları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli virülens farklılıkları olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). BN Rhizoctonia spp. izolatlarının hastalık şiddeti skalası değerlerinin 0.00 ile 2.83 arasında değişirken, MN R. solani izolatlarının hastalık şiddeti skalası değerlerinin 2.17 ile 3.00 arasında değiştiği belirmiştir. Ayrıca, hastalık şiddeti skala değerleri arasında hiçbir önemli bir fark bulunmayan AG 4, AG 2-1, AG-F, AG-E, AG 1 ve AG 5 izolatları, kontrol bitkileri ile kıyaslandığında bitki büyüme parametleri (bitki boyu, gövde ve kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları ve kök uzunluğu)’ni önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır (P<0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaprak lahana, Rhizoctonia spp., kök çürüklüğü, anastomozis grup, patojenisite

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

• Abawi, G. S., Martin, S. B. 1985. Rhizoctonia foliar blight of cabbage in New York State. Plant Disease, 69:158-161.
• Aoyagi, T., Kageyama, K., Hyakumachi, M. 1998. Characterization and survival of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 LP associated with large patch disease of zoysia grass. Plant Disease, 82: 857-863.
• Ball, G. J. 1990. Grower talks on plugs. Growertalks magazine, George J. Ball Publishing, Geneva, III.
• Bandoni, R. J. 1979. Safranin O as a rapid nuclear stain for fungi. Mycologia, 71: 873-874.
• Broders, K. D., Parker, M. L., Melzer, M. S., Boland, G. J. 2014. Phylogenetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with canola and wheat in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Plant disease, 98(12): 1695-1701.
• Budge, G. E., Shaw, M. W., Lambourne, C., Jennings, P., Clayburn, R., Boonham, N., McPherson, M. 2009. Characterization and origin of infection of Rhizoctonia solani associated with Brassica oleracea crops in the UK. Plant Pathology, 58(6): 1059-1070.
• Carling, D. E., Kuninaga, S., Brainard, K. A. 2002. Hyphal anastomosis reactions, rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences, and virulence levels among subsets of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 2 (AG 2) and AG BI. Phytopathology, 92:43-50.
• Dong,W., Li, Y., Duan, C., Li, X., Naito, S., Conner, R. L., Yang, G., Li, C. 2017. Identification of AG-V, a new anastomosis group of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. from taro and ginger in Yunnan province. European Journal of Plant Pathology 148(4): 895-906. Erper, I., 2003. Samsun ilinde bazı baklagil bitkilerinde saptanan Rhizoctonia grubu fungusların anastomosis grupları, karakteristik özellikleri ve patojeniteleri. Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
• Erper, I., Türkkan, M., Ozgen., T., Balkaya, A. 2017. Determination of Reactions of Some Brassica spp. Against Three Subgroups of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4. The 69th International Symposium on Crop Protection, 23 May, Ghent, Belgium.
• Fang, Z., Liu, Y., Lou, P., Liu, G. 2005. Current trends in cabbage breeding. Journal of New Seeds, 6(2-3): 75-107.
• Hall, R. 1992. Epidemiology of blackleg of oilseed rape. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 14(1): 46-55.
• Hua, G. K. H., Bertier, L., Soltaninejad, S., Höfte, M. 2014. Cropping systems and cultural practices determine the Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups associated with Brassica spp. in Vietnam. PloS one, 9(11): e111750.
• Huber, D. M, Christmas, E. P., Herr, L. J., McCay-Buis, T. S., Baird, R. 1992. Rhizoctonia crown rot of canola in Indiana. Plant Disease, 76: 1251-1253.
• Ireland, K. B., Weir, B. S., Phantavong, S., Phitsanoukane, P., Vongvichid, K., Vilavong, S., Burgess, L. W. 2015. First report of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group AG-4 HG-I in the Lao PDR. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 10(1): 1.
• Keinath, A. P., Farnham, M. W. 1997. Differential cultivars and criteria for evaluating resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in seedling Brassica oleracea. Plant Disease, 81(8): 946-952.
• Khangura, R. K., Barbetti, M. J., Sweetingham, M. W. 1999. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia species on canola. Plant Disease, 83(8): 714-721.
• Kronland, W. C., Stanghellini, M. E. 1988. Clean Slide Technique for the observation of anastomosis. Phytopathology, 78: 820-822.
• Kuramae, E. E., Buzeto, A. L., Ciampi, M. B., Souza, N. L. 2003. Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, and AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach, in Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109(4): 391-395.
• Kuramae, E. E., Buzeto, A. L., Nakatani, A. K., Souza, N. L. 2007. rDNA-based characterization of a new binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. causing root rot on kale in Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 119(4): 469-475.
• Martin, S. B., Lucas, L. T. 1984. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. and binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungi from turfgrasses in North Carolina. Phytopathology, 74(2): 170-175.
• Misawa, T., Yamazaki, K., Takada, K. 2013. Damping-off of broccoli caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1. Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan, 64: 60-64.
• Misawa, T., Kubota, M., Sasaki, J., Kuninaga, S. 2015. First report of broccoli foot rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IV and pathogenicity comparison of the pathogen with related pathogens. Journal of general plant pathology, 81(1): 15-23.
• Misawa, T., Aoki, M. 2017. First report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IC causing head rot of cabbage in Japan. New Disease Reports, 36: 12.
• Ogoshi, A. 1975. Grouping of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and their perfect stages. Rev. Plant Protec Res Japan, 8: 93-103.
• Ogoshi, A. 1987. Ecology and pathogenicity of anastomosis and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25(1): 125-143.
• Ogoshi, A., Cook, R. J., Bassett, E. N. 1990. Rhizoctonia species and anastomosis groups causing root rot of wheat and barley in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology, 80(9): 784-788.
• Ogoshi, A. 1996. Introduction—the genus Rhizoctonia. In Rhizoctonia species: Taxonomy, molecular biology, ecology, pathology and disease control (pp. 1-9). Springer, Dordrecht.
• Olaya, G., Abawi, G. S. 1994. Characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia species causing foliar blight and root rot on table beets in New York State. Plant Disease 78: 8000-8004.
• Pannecoucque, J., Van Beneden, S., Höfte, M. 2008. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia isolates associated with cauliflower in Belgium. Plant Pathology, 57(4): 737-746.
• Paulitz, T. C., Okubara, P. A., Schillinger, W. F. 2006. First report of damping-off of canola caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1 in Washington State. Plant Disease, 90: 829-829.
• Roh, M. J., Kim, H. K. 1987. Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia isolates from southern horticultural area in Korea. The Plant Pathology Journal, 3(3): 217-222.
• Rollins, P. A., Keinath, A. P., Farnham, M. W. 1999. Effect of inoculum type and anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani causing wirestem of cabbage seedlings in a controlled environment. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 21(2): 119-124.
• Sayama, A. 2000. Occurrence of damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2-IIIB on cabbage plug seedlings. Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan, 51: 54-57.
• Sharon, M., Kuninaga, S., Hyakumachi, M., Sneh, B. 2006. The advancing identification and classification of Rhizoctonia spp. using molecular and biotechnological methods compared with the classical anastomosis grouping. Mycoscience, 47(6): 299-316.
• Sharon,M., Kuninaga, S., Hyakumachi,M., Naito, S., Sneh, B. 2008. Classification of Rhizoctonia spp. using rDNA-ITS sequence analysis supports the genetic basis of the classical anastomosis grouping. Mycoscience, 49: 93-114.
• Shim, C-K., Min-Jeong, K., Yong-Ki, K., Hyeong-Jin, J., Sung-Jun, H., Jong-ho, P., Eun-jung, H., Jong-Chul, Y. (2013). Leaf rot and leaf ring spot caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Chinese cabbage. Res. Plant Dis. 19(4): 300-307.
• Sneh, B., Jabaji-Hare, S., Neate, S., Dijst, G. 1996. Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy. Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control, 247-404.
• Stephens, C. T., Herr, L. J., Schmitthenner, A. F., Powell, C. C. 1982. Characterization of Rhizoctonia isolates associated with damping-off of bedding plants. Plant Diseases, 66: 700-703.
• Stevens Johnk, J., & Jones, R. K. (2001). Differentiation of three homogeneous groups of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4 by analysis of fatty acids. Phytopathology, 91: 821-830.
• Tewoldemedhin, Y. T., Lamprecht, S. C., McLeod, A., Mazzola, M. 2006. Characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. recovered from crop plants used in rotational cropping systems in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Plant Disease, 90(11): 1399-1406.
• TÜİK, (2017). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri Veri Tabanı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2017)
• TÜİK, (2019). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri Veri Tabanı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi: 13.06.2019)
• Türkkan, M., Kılıçoğlu, M. Ç., Erper, İ. 2018a. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from Brassica oleracea var. acephala in Ordu province, Turkey, 2nd International UNIDOKAP Black Sea Symposium on Biodiversity. 28-30 November 2018 - Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun/Turkey.
• Türkkan, M., Erper, I., Çebi Kılıçoğlu, M., Yazıcıoğlu, E., Özcan, M. 2018b. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from kiwifruit in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology, 166: 761-774.
• Van, N. K., Benyon, F. H., Hoa, D. L., Ha, T. N., Summerell, B. A., Burgess, L. W. 2001. First record of Rhizoctonia causing head rot of cabbage in northern Vietnam. Australasian Plant Pathology, 30(3): 285-286.
• Verma, P. R. 1996. Oilseed rape and canola diseases incited by Rhizoctonia species. In B. Sneh, S. Jabaji-Hare, S. Neate, & G. Dijst (Eds.), Rhizoctonia species: Taxonomy, molecular biology, ecology, pathology, and disease control (pp. 249–258). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press.
• Yang, G. H., Naito, S., Dong, W. H. 2006. Identification and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. causing wirestem of Betula nigra in China. Journal of Phytopathology, 154(2): 80-83.
• Yang, G. H., Chen, J. Y., Pu, W. Q. 2007. First report of head rot of cabbage and web-blight of snap bean caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-I. New Disease Reports, 14: 20.