Metil jasmonatın sebzelerde hasat öncesi ve hasat sonrası fizyolojisine etkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Özel Sayı, 323 - 328, 01.06.2017

Selen Akan , Ruhsar Yanmaz Gamze Çakırer Köksal Demir

Öz

Sebze yetiştiriciliği ve muhafazasında bilinen büyümeyi düzenleyicilerin yanı sıra hasat öncesi ve sonrası kaliteyi korumak ve uzun süreli muhafaza edebilmek için fizyolojik etkileri nedeniyle jasmonik asitin (JA) metil esteri olan metil jasmonatın da (MeJA) kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. MeJA, bitki bünyesinde mevcut olup bitkinin farklı dokularında farklı miktarlarda bulunmaktadır. MeJA içsel hormon olarak bilinmekle birlikte dışsal uygulama olarak hem gaz hem de solüsyon formunda kullanılabilmektedir. MeJA’ın, sebze yetiştiriciliğinde tohum çimlenmesini ve kök gelişimini engellediği, uzun gün bitkilerinde çiçeklenmeyi geciktirdiği, bitki bünyesinde klorofil parçalanmasını hızlandırdığı, proteinaz enzim aktivitesini engellediği, aromatik bileşenleri ve antosiyaninleri artırdığı, hastalık ve zararlı gelişimini engellediği yapılan araştırmalar ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Sebzelerde hasat sonrasında fungal patojenler sebebiyle önemli kalite kayıpları oluşmaktadır. Fungal patojenler ile mücadelede yaygın olarak sentetik kimyasal fungusitler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak patojenlerin bu fungusitlere karşı direnç kazanması ve kalıntıya sebep olması ile alternatif çözüm arayışlarına gidilmiştir. Bu sebeple MeJA kullanımının hastalık kontrolünde bitkilerin doğal savunma mekanizmasını artıracağı düşünülmektedir. MeJA’nın dışsal uygulama olarak kullanılmasıyla bitki hücrelerinde sekonder metabolitlerin teşvik edilmesi, gen savunma mekanizmasının oluşturulması ve yerleşik patojenlere karşı direnç artırılması yönünde tespitler bulunmaktadır. MeJA’nın hasat sonrası etkinliğinin ortaya çıkarılmasından sonra, sebzelerin muhafazasında kararma ve üşüme zararının azaltması, ağırlık ve renk kaybının engellemesi, aromatik özelliklerin korunması, köklenme ile filizlenmenin engellenmesi ve mikrobiyal aktivitenin azaltılması sayesinde kimyasal ve görsel kalite korunumu amaçlı kullanımının da yaygınlaşabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile MeJA’nın sebzelerde hasat öncesi ve sonrasında oluşturduğu etkileri konusunda yapılan araştırma sonuçları derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metil jasmonat, sebzecilik, muhafaza, kalite

Kaynakça

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