Kilis keçilerinde somatik hücre sayısı üzerine meme tiplerinin etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 419 - 426, 03.12.2021

Ali Kaygısız , İsa Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.905316

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Kilis keçilerinin meme tiplerinin somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) üzerine olası etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan Gaziantep ilinde özel bir Kilis keçi işletmesinde yürütülmüştür. İşletmede 100 baş keçinin 2020 yılında alınan verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Keçilere ait meme özelliklerinin belirlemesi laktasyonun ortasında akşam sağımı sırasında yapılmıştır. Keçilerde somatik hücre sayısı (SHS)’nın tespiti ise oğlakların sütten kesimi sonrasında ardışık olarak 3 kez yapılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel olarak varyans analizleri ve çoklu karşılaştırma testleri SAS paket programı ile yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmede; genel olarak ortalama SHS ve Log10SHS sayıları sırasıyla 937.000±67.190 hücre/ml ve 5.803±0.501 hücre/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Süt kalitesinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan geometrik SHS değeri ise ortalama 932.321 hücre/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Keçilerde asimetrik meme tipine rastlanmamış olup, tespit edilen düz meme, kırık meme ve iki parçalı meme tipleri için ortalama SHS ve Log10SHS sayıları sırasıyla 1.048.800±119.060 hücre/ml, 793.300±212.990 hücre/ml ve 900.100±88.440 hücre/ml ve 5.836±0.523, 5.796±0.315 ve 5.787±0.524 hücre/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Keçi meme özellikleri oranları düz meme, kırık meme ve iki parçalı meme tipi için sırasıyla %32.0, %10.0 ve %58 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Kilis keçilerinden elde edilen sütlerin ve dolaylı olaraktan süt ürünlerinin halk sağlığı ve insan beslenmesinde güvenle kullanılabileceği ve Kilis keçilerinin süt üretiminde başarılı bir şekilde yetiştirildiği kanaatine varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte tüm dünyada keçi ırkları için süt kalite standartlarının geliştirilmesi ve belirlenmesine acilen ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çiğ süt, Kilis keçisi, Meme tipi, Somatik hücre sayısı, Süt kalitesi

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

Effects of udder types on somatic cell count in local Kilis goat breeds

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of udder types on the number of somatic cells (SCC) in the Kilis goats. The study were conducted in a private company reared Kilis goats located in Gaziantep province in the Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region. The data obtained from 100 goats in the farm in 2020 were evaluated. Determination of udder characteristics of goats was made during evening milking in the middle of lactation. The determination of the SCC in goats was made 3 times consecutively after weaning of goats. Statistical analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests of the data were carried out using the SAS package program. In the evaluation made; overall mean SCC and Log10SCC numbers were 937.000±67.190 cells/ml and 5.803±0.501 cells/ml, respectively. The geometric SCC value used in determining of the milk quality was determined as an average of 932.321 cells/ml. Asymmetric udder type was not found in goats. Mean SCC numbers for flat udder, broken udder and two-piece udder types were detected as 1,048.800±119.060 cells/ml, 793.300±212.990 cells/ml, and 900.100±88.440 cells/ml respectively. Mean Log10SCC numbers for flat udder, broken udder and two-piece udder types were detected as 5.836±0.523 cells/ml, 5.796±0.315 cells/ml, and 5.787±0.524 cells/ml respectively. Goat udder characteristics ratios were determined as 32.0%, 10.0% and 58% for flat udder, broken udder and two-piece udder type, respectively. As a result, it was concluded that the dairy products and milk obtained from Kilis goats can be used safely in public health and human nutrition, and Kilis goats are successfully bred in milk production. However, it is thought that there is an urgent need to develop and determine milk quality standards for goat breeds all over the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Raw milk, Kilis goat, Udder types, Somatic cell count, Milk quality

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• Agossou, D.J. & Koluman Darcan, N. (2017). Sustainability of Local Goat Genetic Resources in the Mediterranean Region. Sustainable Goat Production in Adverse Environments: Volume I, pp 15-29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71855-2_2
• Aktaş, Z., Kaygısız, A., ve Baş, S. (2012). Kahramanmaraş yetiştirici şartlarında Türk Saanen keçilerinin süt verim özellikleri, bazı meme ölçüleri ve SHS arasındaki ilişkiler. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4), 7-17.
• Anitaş, Ö., Göncü, S. & Koluman, N. (2017). The Importance of comatic cell counts in dairy goat husbandry and effect on milk quality. Çukurova J. Agric. Food Sci., 32, 35-42.
• Anonim, (1992). Council Directive 92/46/EEC. https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri= CELEX:01992L0046-20040501&from=EN
• Anonim, (2000). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Çiğ Süt ve Isıl İşlem Görmüş İçme Sütleri Tebliği (Tebliğ No: 2000/6). Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2021, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23964.pdf
• Anonim, (2017). US Food & Drug Administration, Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2021. https://www.fda.gov/media/114169/download ,
• Can, A. (2020). Iğdır İlinde Yetiştirilen Halep Keçilerinde Somatik Hücre, Meme Özellikleri ve Süt Verimi Arasındaki İlişkiler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Iğdır Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Iğdır
• Charon, K. (1993). Morphological characteristics of udders asselection criteria for improvement of mammarygland health and productivity of sheep, 1. Variability and genetic parameters of uddermorphological traits. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 2, 105–116.
• Contreras, A., Sierra, D., Sánchez, A., Corrales, J. C., Marco, J. C., Paape, M. J., & Gonzalo, C. (2007). Mastitis in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 145-153.
• Darbaz, I., Salar, S., Sayiner, S., Baştan, İ., Ergene, O., & Baştan, A. (2019). Evaluation of milk glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels in subclinical mastitis in Damascus goats. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 43(2), 259-263.
• Doaa, F.T., Hafasa, F.H.Y., El-Baz, A.M. and El-Sherbieny, M.A. (2014). Relationship between somatic cell count and udder health in Halep goats. Egyptian J. Sheep and Goat Sci., 9, 31-42.
• Dzidic, A., Kaps, M., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (2004). Machine milking of Istrian dairy crossbreed ewes: udder morphology and milking characteristics. Small Ruminant Research, 55(1-3), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres
• El-Saied, U. M., Al-Ahwal, R. E., Ahmed, M. E., Hassan, F., & Edrise, B. M. (2003). Relationship between somatic cell count and intramammary infection in Egyptian Zaraibi goats. Egyptian J. Anim. Prod, 40(2), 129-137.
• Fernández, H., Hughes, S., Vigne, J. D., Helmer, D., Hodgins, G., Miquel, C., & Taberlet, P. (2006). Divergent mtDNA lineages of goats in an Early Neolithic site, far from the initial domestication areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(42), 15375-15379.
• Gocmen, H., Darbaz, I., Ergene, O., Esendal, O. M., & Aslan, S. (2019). The relationships between somatic cell count, total bacterial count and intramammary infection in milk samples of Damascus goats during postpartum days. Small Ruminant Research, 180, 1- 5.
• Gonzalo, C., Linage, B., Carriedo, J.A., Fuente, F. de la & San Primitivo, F. (2006). Evaluation of the Overall Accuracy of the DeLaval Cell Counter for Somatic Cell Counts in Ovine Milk. J Dairy Sci, 89(12), 4613-4619, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72511-5
• Green, M. J., Bradley, A. J., Newton, H., & Browne, W. J. (2006). Seasonal variation of bulk milk somatic cell counts in UK dairy herds: Investigations of the summer rise. Preventive veterinary medicine, 74(4), 293-308.
• Gül, S., Keskin, M., Göçmez, Z., & Gündüz, Z. (2016). Effects of supplemental feeding on performance of Kilis goats kept on pasture condition. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 15(1), 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2015.1132542
• Güney, O., Torun, O., Özuyanık, O., & Darcan, N. (2006). Milk production, reproductive and growth performances of Damascus goats under northern Cyprus conditions. Small ruminant research, 65(1-2), 176-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.
• Günlü, A., & Alașahan, S. (2010). Evaluations on the future of goat breeding in Turkey. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 81(2), 15-20.
• Halasa, T., Huijps, K., Østerås, O., & Hogeveen, H. (2007). Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management: A review. Veterinary quarterly, 29(1), 18-31.
• Kaçar, C., Zonturlu, A. K., Karapehlivan, M., ARI, U. Ç., Öğün, M., & Citil, M. (2010). The effects of L-carnitine administration on energy metabolism in pregnant Halep (Damascus) goats. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 34(2), 163-171. https://doi:10.3906/vet-0805-11
• Kehrli Jr, M. E., & Shuster, D. E. (1994). Factors affecting milk somatic cells and their role in health of the bovine mammary gland. Journal of Dairy Science, 77(2), 619-627. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)76992-7
• Keskin, M., & Tüney, D. (2015). Kilis keçilerinde vücut kondisyon puanı ve döl verimi arasındaki ilişki. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 60-65.
• Leitner, G., Shoshani, E., Krifucks, O., Chaffer, M., & Saran, A. (2000). Milk leucocyte population patterns in bovine udder infection of different aetiology. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 47(8), 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2000.00388.x
• Lu, C. D., & Miller, B. A. (2019). Current status, challenges and prospects for dairy goat production in the Americas. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 32(8), 1244. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0256
• Luengo, C., Sánchez, A., Corrales, J. C., Fernández, C., & Contreras, A. (2004). Influence of intramammary infection and non-infection factors on somatic cell counts in dairy goats. The Journal of dairy research, 71(2), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029904000019
• Luengo, C., Sánchez, A., Torres, A., & Contreras, A. (2001). Weekly evaluation of bulk tank milk somatic cell counts in Murciano-Granadina goats throughout an entire lactation. Options Mediterr, 46, 163-166.
• Makovıcký, P., Margetin, M., Makovıcký, P., & Nagy, M. (2019). Machine milkability of East Friesian and Lacaune dairy sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 89(6), 686-691.
• Malik, T. A., Mohini, M., Mir, S. H., Ganaie, B. A., Singh, D., Varun, T. K., & Thakur, S. (2018). Somatic cells in relation to udder health and milk quality-a review. J Anim Health Prod, 6(1), 18-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2018/6.1.18.26
• Margatho, G., Quintas, H., Rodríguez-Estévez, V., & Simões, J. (2020). Udder Morphometry and Its Relationship with Intramammary Infections and Somatic Cell Count in Serrana Goats. Animals, 10(9), 1534, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091534
• Marnet, P.G., McKusick, B.C. (2001). Regulation of milk ejection and milkability in small ruminants. Livestock Production Science 70, 125-133.
• Mavrogenis, A. P., Papachristoforou, C., Lysandrides, P., & Roushias, A. (1988). Environmental and genetic factors affecting udder characters and milk production in Chios sheep. Génétique sélection évolution, 20(4), 477-488.
• Paape, M. J., Poutrel, B., Contreras, A., Marco, J. C., & Capuco, A. V. (2001). Milk somatic cells and lactation in small ruminants. J Dairy Sci, 84, E237-E244/ https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)70223-8
• Paape, M. J., Wiggans, G. R., Bannerman, D. D., Thomas, D. L., Sanders, A. H., Contreras, A., ... & Miller, R. H. (2007). Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.014
• Paape, M.J., Wiggans, G.R., Bannerman, D.D., Thomas, D.L., Sanders, A.H., Contreras, A., Moroni, P & Miller R.H. (2007). Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres
• Philpot, W. N., & Nickerson, S. C. (2000). Winning the fight against mastitis. Naperville, USA: Westfalia Surge, 28-40. Pyörälä, S. (2003). Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis. Veterinary research, 34(5), 565-578.
• Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Pirisi, A., De Cremoux, R., & Gonzalo, C. (2007). Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: Analytical, sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 126-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres
• Reynolds, J., (2007). Milk quality and mastitis-troubleshooting, control program. Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2021. http://www.wdmc.org/2007/reynolds.pdf
• Rupp, R., & Boichard, D. (2000). Relationship of early first lactation somatic cell count with risk of subsequent first clinical mastitis. Livestock Production Science, 62(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00056-1
• Santos, D. S., Lima, M. G. B., Noznica, C. F., Lima, D. M., Batista, C. F., Gomes, R. C., & Della Libera, A. M. M. P. (2015). Conformação de úbere de caprinos da raça Saanen: parâmetros estéticos ou funcionais?. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 67(5), 1287-1294.
• Schutz, M. M., Hansen, L. B., Steuernagel, G. R., Reneau, J. K., & Kuck, A. L. (1990). Genetic parameters for somatic cells, protein, and fat in milk of Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(2), 494-502.
• Sharma, N., Singh, N. K., & Bhadwal, M. S. (2011). Relationship of somatic cell count and mastitis: An overview. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 24(3), 429-438. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10233
• Szymanowska, A., Patkowski, K., Miduch, A., & Milerski, M. (2010). Correlation between mammary gland morphology and gland cistern size to lactation milk yield in goat. Annales UMCS, Zootechnica, 28(4), 36-43, https://doi.org/10.2478/v10083-010-0017-7
• Tsenkova, R., Atanassova, S., Kawano, S., & Toyoda, K. (2001). Somatic cell count determination in cow's milk by near-infrared spectroscopy: A new diagnostic tool. Journal of animal science, 79(10), 2550-2557.
• Ünalan, A., & Ceyhan, A. (2017). Determination of sex effect on body weight and some body measurements of Kilis goat. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi/Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 21(2), 219-226.
• Yakan, A., Özkan, H., Eraslan Şakar, A., Ateş, C. T., Ünal, N., Koçak, Ö., & Özbeyaz, C. (2019). Milk yield and quality traits in different lactation stages of Damascus goats: Concentrate and pasture based feeding systems. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.547470