Bitki gelişimini destekleyici rhizobacteria (PGPR) ve farklı gübre kombinasyonlarının karnabaharda (Brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 35 - 46, 31.07.2022

Ertan Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.957743

Cited By: 2

Öz

Amaç: Karnabahar (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), yüksek verim için önemli miktarlarda azot (N) gübresine ihtiyaç gösterir. Bu çalışma, tarla koşullarında bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin (PGPR) (Paenibacillus polymyxa RC14, Bacillus subtilis RC63 ve Pseudomonas fluorescens RC77), organik tavuk gübresi (OCM) (4000 kg/da), 3 seviye mineral gübre [(NPK1 (80 kg/ha N+50 kg/ha P+80 kg/ha K), NPK2 (160 kg/ha N+75 kg/ha P+160 kg/ha K) ve NPK3 (200 kg /ha N+100 kg/ha P+200 kg/ha K)] ve bunların farklı karışımlarının karnabaharda büyüme, verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Arazi denemeleri tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Uygulamalar; 1. Kontrol (Gübresiz; 0 kg/ha NPK), 2. NPK1 (80-50-80 kg/ha NPK), 3. NPK2 (160-75-160 kg/ha NPK), 4. NPK3 (200-100-200 kg /ha NPK), 5. PGPR, 6. Organik Tavuk Gübresi (OCM), 7. PGPR + OCM, 8. NPK1+PGPR, 9. NPK2+PGPR, 10. NPK3+PGPR, 11 NPK1+ OCM, 12. NPK2+ OCM, 13. NPK3+ OCM, 14. NPK1+PGPR+ OCM, 15. NPK2+PGPR+ OCM, 16. NPK3+PGPR+ OCM. Araştırma Bulguları: En yüksek baş ağırlığı ve pazarlanabilir verim 2014 yılında NPK2+ OCM'de, 2015 yılında ise NPK1+PGPR+OCM ve NPK2+PGPR+OCM'de gözlendi. NPK2+ OCM, 2014 yılında kontrole göre baş ağırlığını ve pazarlanabilir verimi %300 artırdı. NPK1 +PGPR+OCM, baş ağırlığını ve pazarlanabilir verimi 2015 yılında kontrole göre %200 artırmıştır. En yüksek TSS 2014 yılında kontrolde görülürken, NPK1+PGPR+OCM en yüksek değeri vermiştir. NPK uygulamaları karnabahar başlarında NO3 içeriğini yükseltmiştir. En yüksek askorbik asit içeriği 2014 yılında PGPR'de belirlenirken, kontrol en yüksek içeriği 2015 yılında vermiştir. En yüksek oksalik asit içeriği NPK uygulamalarında gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, PGPR ve OCM uygulamaları genellikle karnabaharın oksalik asit içeriğini azaltmıştır. Sonuç: Karnabahar verim ve kalite parametreleri için OCM ve PGPR uygulamaları ile NPK önerilebilir. Ayrıca PGPRxOCM kombinasyonunun organik tarımsal üretimde kullanılması önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karnabahar, PGPR, bitki büyümesi, verim, kalite

Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and different fertilizer combinations on yield and quality properties in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)

Öz

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Paenibacillus polymyxa RC14, Bacillus subtilis RC63 and Pseudomonas fluorescens RC77), organic chicken manure (OCM) (4000 kg/da), 3 levels of mineral fertilizer [(NPK1 (80 kg/ha N+50 kg/ha P+80 kg/ha K), NPK2 (160 kg/ha N+75 kg/ha P+160 kg/ha K) and NPK3 (200 kg/ha N+100 kg/ha P+200 kg/ha K)] and combination of these applications on growth, yield and quality of cauliflower under field conditions.
Materials and Methods: Field experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were 1. Control (No Fertilizer Application; 0 kg /ha NPK), 2. NPK1 (80-50-80 kg / ha NPK), 3. NPK2 (160-75-160 kg /ha NPK), 4. NPK3 (200-100-200 kg /ha NPK), 5. PGPR, 6. Organic Chicken Manure (OCM), 7. PGPR + OCM, 8. NPK1+PGPR, 9. NPK2+PGPR, 10. NPK3+PGPR, 11. NPK1+ OCM, 12. NPK2+ OCM, 13. NPK3+ OCM, 14. NPK1+PGPR+ OCM, 15. NPK2+PGPR+ OCM, 16. NPK3+PGPR+ OCM
Results: The highest curd weight and marketable yield were observed in NPK2+ OCM in 2014 while in NPK1+PGPR+OCM and NPK2+PGPR+OCM in 2015. NPK2+ OCM elevated the curd weight and marketable yield by 300% compared to the control in 2014. NPK1+PGPR+OCM increased the curd weight and marketable yield by 200% compared to the control in 2015. The highest TSS was observed in the control in 2014 whereas NPK1+PGPR+OCM gave the highest value. NPK treatments elevated the NO3 content of cauliflower curds. In 2014 the highest ascorbic acid content was determined in PGPR while the control gave the highest content in 2015. The highest oxalic acid contents were observed in NPK treatments. Furthermore, PGPR and OCM treatments generally reduced the oxalic acid contents of the cauliflower.
Conclusion: NPK with OCM and PGPR applications could be advisable for the yield and quality parameters of cauliflower. Furthermore, the PGPRxOCM combination was advisable for efficiently using in organic agricultural production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cauliflower, PGPR, Plant Growth, Yield, Quality

Kaynakça

• Abdel-Razzak, H.S., Gamel, T.H., & El-Nasharty., A.B. (2008). Efficiency of Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Fertilization on Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis, L.) Curds Quality. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 29 (4), 283-296.
• Adesemoye, A.O., Torbert, H.A., & Kloepper, J.W., (2008). Enhanced plant nutrient use efficiency with PGPR and AMF in an integrated nutrient management System. Can J Microbiol, 54, 876-886.
• Alessa, O., Najla, N., & Murshed, R. (2017). Improvement of yield and quality of two Spinacia oleracea L. varieties by using different fertilizing approaches. Physiol Mol Biol Plants (July–September 2017) 23(3), 693–702. DOI 10.1007/s12298-017-0453-8
• Antonious, G. (2018). Biochar and Animal Manure Impact on Soil, Crop Yield and Quality. 10.5772/intechopen.77008. Assefa, S., & Tadesa, S., (2019). The principle role of organic fertilizer on soil properties and Agricultural productivity. Agricultural Research & Technology. 22 (2), 556192. DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.22.556192
• Bashyal, L.N. (2011). Response of cauliflower to nitrogen fixing bio fertilizer and Graded levels of nitrogen, the Journal of Agriculture and Environment., 12, 41-50.
• Biederman, L.A., & Harpole, W.S. (2013). Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy 5, 202-214.
• Blumenthal, J., & Baltensperger, D., & Cassman, K., Mason, S., & Pavlista, A. (2008). Importance and Effect of Nitrogen on Crop Quality and Health. Nitrogen in the Environment. 10.1016/B978-0-12-374347-3.00003-2.
• Castelli, I., Logegaray, V., & Frezza, D. (2010). Spinach quality: Reduction of oxalate content in leaves through different phosphorus levels in the nutrient solution. Effect on growth parameters. Advances in Horticultural Science, 24 (2), 145-148.
• Chou, S.S., Chung, J.C., & Hwang, D.F. (2003). A high performance liquid chromatography method for determining nitrate and nitrite levels in vegetables. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 11 (3), 11. https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2702
• Everaarts, A.P. (1993). General and quantitative aspects of nitrogen fertilizer use in the cultivation of Brassica vegetables. Acta Horticulturae 339: 149–160.
• Everaarts, A.P. & W. Van Den Berg, (1996). A comparison of three nitrogen response models for cauliflower. Acta Horticulturae 428: 171–179.
• Gancedo, M.C. & Luh, B.S. (1986). HPLC Analysis of Organic Acids and Sugars in Tomato Juice. Journal of Food Science, 51, 571-573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb13881.x
• Gaskin, J.W., Speir, R.A., Harris, K., Das, K.C., Lee, R.D., Morris, L.A., & Fisher, D.S. (2010). Effect of peanut hull and pine chip biochar on soil nutrient, corn nutrient status, and yield. Agronomy Journal, 102, 623-633.
• Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., & Zech, W. (2002). Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal–a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35, 219-230.
• Gunes A., Inal A., Taskin, M.B., Sahin O., Kaya E.C., & Atakol A. (2014). Effect of phosphorus enriched biochar and poultry manure on growth and mineral composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv.) grown in alkaline soil. Soil Use and Management, 30, 182-184.
• Inal, A., Gunes, A., Sahin, O., Taskin, M.B., & Kaya, E.C. (2015). Impacts of biochar and processed poultry manure, applied to a calcareous soil on the growth of bean and maize. Soil Use and Management 31, 106-113.
• Isuwan, A., (2014) Agronomic Traits and Fruit Quality of Pineapple with Different Levels of Chicken Manure Application. Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal, 8, 67-73.
• Jensen, E.S., & Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. (2003). How can increased use of biological N2 fixation in agriculture benefit the environment?. Plant and Soil 252, 177–186 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024189029226
• Kaniszewski, Stanislaw & Rumpel, Jan. (1998). Effects of Irrigation, Nitrogen Fertilization and Soil Type on Yield and Quality of Cauliflower. Journal of Vegetable Crop Production. 4, 67-75. 10.1300/J068v04n01_08.
• Kaushal, M., Kaushal, R., Thakur, B.S., & Spehia, R.S., (2011). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria at varying levels of N and P fertilizers on growth and yield of cauliflower in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Farm Sciences, 1 (1), 19-26.
• Kmecl, L., Knap, T., & Žnidarčič, D., (2017). Evaluation of the nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables commonlygrown in Slovenia Italian Journal of Agronomy 12, 79-84. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2017.801
• Lal, R., (2015). Restoring Soil Quality to Mitigate Soil Degradation. Sustainability 7, 5875-5895; doi:10.3390/su7055875
• Lehmann, J., SilvaJr, P.D., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., & Glaser, B. (2003). Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeologicalanthrosol and a ferralsol of the central amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant Soil, 249, 343-357.
• Liu, C.W., Sung, Y., Chen, B.C., & Lai, H.Y., (2014). Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Growth and Nitrate Content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, 4427-4440; doi:10.3390/ijerph110404427
• Nerdy, N., De, E., & Putra, L., (2018). Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Broccoli and Cauliflower with Different Fertilization Treatment Orient. J. Chem., 34 (6), 2983-2991.
• Oztekin, S., Mutlu, N., Oztekin, T., Gebologlu, N., Elmastaş, M., Aydın, M., Altıntaş, G., & Noyan, O.F. (2020). Organic fertilizers in cauliflower: effects on growth and ascorbic acid content. Acta Hortic. 1286. ISHS 2020. DOI 10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1286.21 XXX IHC – Proc. II Int. Symp. on Organic Hort. for Wellbeing of the Environ. and Population Eds.: M. Dorais and U. Aksoy. 149-154.
• Rani, N. S. & K. Mallareddy, (2007). Effect of Different Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (3), 686 – 688.
• Sutton, M.A., Oenema, O., Erisman, J.W., Leip, A., Van Grinsven, H., & Winiwarter, W., (2011). Too much of a good thing. Nature, 472, 159-161.
• Steiner, C., Teixeira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Nehls, T., de Macedo, J.L.V., Blum, W.E., & Zech, W. (2007). Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil, 291(1-2), 275-290.
• Şalk, A., Arın, L., Deveci, M., & Polat, S., (2008). Özel Sebzecilik. Onur Grafik Matbaa ve Reklam Hizmetleri, 488 s, İstanbul. Thies, J., & Rillig, M. (2009). Characteristics of biochar: Biological properties. In Biochar for environmental management’. (Eds J Lehmann, S Joseph) pp. 85-102. Earthscan, London.
• Toor, R.K., Savage, G.P., & Heeb, A., (2006). Influence of different types of fertilisers on the major antioxidant components of tomatoes, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19 (1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.03.003.
• Turan, M., Ekinci, M., Yildirim, E., Gunes, A., Karagoz, K., Kotan, R., & Dursun, A., (2014). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improved growth, nutrient and hormone content of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seedlings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 38, (3), 327-333.
• Ulukapi K., & Şener S., (2018). Farklı Organik Gübrelerin Tarla ve Örtüaltı Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Karnabaharın Bitki Gelişimi ve Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi, Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, no.3, pp.510-515,
• Yildirim, E., Turan, M., Dursun, A., Ekinci, M., Kul, R., Karagoz, F.P., Donmez, M.F., & Kitir, N. (2016). Integrated Use of Nitrogen Fertilization and Microbial Inoculation: Change in the Growth and Chemical Composition of White Cabbage. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 47 (19), 2245–2260.
• Xu, H.L., Wang, R., Xu, R.Y., Mridha, M.A.U., & Goyal, S. (2003). Yield and quality of leafy vegetables grown with organic fertilizations. Acta Hortic. 627, 25–33 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.627.2
• Wang, T., Arbestan, M.C., Hedley, M., Bishop, P. (2012). Predicting phosphorus bioavailability from high-ash biochars. Plant and Soil, 357, 173-187.
• Zhang, L., Yan, C., Guo, Q., Zhang, J., & Ruiz-Menjivar, J., (2018). The impact of agricultural chemical inputs on environment: global evidence from informetrics analysis and visualization, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 13 (4), 338–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cty039
• Zhuang, X., Chen, J., Shim, H., & Bai, Z., (2007). New advances in plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria for bioremediation. Environment International, 33, 406-413.