Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinin yaprak alanı özellikleri üzerine eğimdeki konum, farklı anaç ve salkım seyreltme uygulamalarının etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma iki farklı anaca aşılanmış olan Cabernet Franc üzüm çeşidinin; eğimdeki konum ve salkım seyreltme uygulamalarına bağlı olarak yaprak su potansiyeli değişimleri ve yaprak özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla iki yıl süresince yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ-Şarköy ilçesi Ch Kalpak Vineyards’da bitkisel materyal olarak Cabernet Franc üzüm çeşidi; anaç olarak da Fercal ve 140 Ru anaçları kullanılmıştır. Dikim aralığı 2.1 m X 1.0 m ve asmaların gövde yüksekliği 70 cm’dir. Asmalar duvar sisteminde, tek kollu Kordon Royat terbiye şeklindedir. Parselin dikim yönü K-G olup, 309-327 m arası rakımda ve %18 eğime sahiptir. Bölünmüş Parsellerde Faktöriyel Deneme Deseninde kurulmuş olan araştırmadan alınan veriler JMP istatistik programı ile değerlendirilmiş ve varyans analizinden sonra LSD testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmada yaprak su potansiyelleri ölçülmüş ve yaprak alan özellikleriyle birlikte verim değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç: Cabernet Franc çeşidinde; YSP ölçümlerinin yapılması, su ihtiyacının belirlenmesi ve anaç, konum ve ürün yükü gibi faktörlere göre sulama yapılması, salkım seyreltme uygulamasının gereksinime göre yapılması ve verimin 800 kg da-1 altına düşürülmemesi önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fercal
• 140Ru
• Cabernet Franc
• salkım seyreltme
• eğim
• yaprak

Effect of slope position, different rootstocks, and cluster thinning practices on leaf area characteristics of cv. Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera L.)

Abstract

Objective: In this study, the performance of cv. Cabernet Franc grafted onto two distinct rootstocks was evaluated over a two-year period. The aim was to investigate the impact of slope position and cluster thinning practices on leaf water potential and associated leaf area traits Materials and Methods: This study used Cabernet Franc cv. as the plant material at Ch Kalpak Vineyards located in the Tekirdağ-Şarköy district, with Fercal and 140 Ru rootstocks used for grafting. The vines were planted with a spacing of 2.1 m x 1.0 m, and maintained at a stem height of 70 cm using a single-armed Cordon Royat system. The vineyard was oriented in a N-S direction, at an altitude of 309-327 m and a slope of 18%. The research established a Factorial Experimental Design in Divided Plots, with the data analyzed using the JMP statistical program and the LSD test performed post-analysis of variance. Results: In the study, measurements of leaf water potential were taken and yield was evaluated in conjunction with leaf area characteristics. Conclusion: To optimize the yield of cv. Cabernet Franc, it is recommended to utilize leaf water potential measurements to determine water requirements and manage irrigation practices accordingly. Additionally, rootstock selection, position in the slope, and crop load should be considered when applying cluster thinning, ensuring a yield no lower than 800 kg da-1.

Keywords

• Fercal
• 140Ru
• Cabernet Franc
• Cluster Thinning
• Slope
• Leaf Area

Kaynakça

1. Alba, V., Natrella, G., Gambacorta, G., Crupi, P., & Coletta, A. (2022). Effect of over crop and reduced yield by cluster thinning on phenolic and volatile compounds of grapes and wines of ‘Sangiovese’ trained to Tendone. J Sci. Food Agric., 102(15), 7155-7163.
2. Artem, V., Antoce, A.O., Geana, E.I., & Ionete, R.E. (2022). Study of the impact of vine cultivation technology on the Feteasca Neagra wine phenolic composition and antioxidant properties. J Food Sci. Tech., 59, 1715-1726.
3. Balı, E.A., & Dardeniz, A. (2022). Farklı düzeylerdeki salkım seyreltme uygulamalarının Amasya Beyazı ve Kozak Beyazı (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşitlerinde verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri. ÇOMÜ Zir. Fak. Derg. 10(1), 37-44.
4. Bindon, K., Myburgh, P., Oberholster, A., Roux, K., & Du Toit, C., (2011). Response of grape and wine phenolic composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot to variation in grapevine water status. S. Afr. J Enol. Vitic., 32, 71-88.
5. Bogunovic, I., Telak, L.J., & Pereira, P. (2020). Experimental comparison of runoff generation and initial soil erosion between vineyards and. Croplands of Eastern Croatia: A Case Study. Air, Soil and Water Res., 13, 1-9.
6. Bowen, P. (2009). Foundations of canopy management: The contributions of Dr. Mark Kliewer. in: Recent advances in canopy management. Proc. W.M. Kliewer Symp. 16, Davis, CA, pp. 1-6.
7. Bubola, M., Sivilotti, P., Rossi, S., Bestulić, E., Plavša, T., & Radeka, S. (2022). Impact of canopy management practices on phenolic composition and sensory profile of cv. Teran wine. BIO Web Conf., 44, 02001.
8. Carbonneau, A. (1980). Recherche sur les systèmes de conduite de la vigne: essai de maîtrise du microclimat et de la plante entière pour produire économiquement du raisin de qualité. Thèse Université Bordeaux 2, Lavoisier, Payot Ed. 240p.

9. Chien, M. (2019). Fundamentals of Canopy Management. Cooperative Extension, USDA https://grapes.extension.org/fundamentals-of-canopy-management/
10. Cole, J., & Pagay, V. (2015). Usefulness of early morning stem water potential as a sensitive indicator of water status of deficit-irrigated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Scientia Hort., 191, 10-14.
11. Deloire, A., & Rogiers, S. (2014). Monitoring vine water status. Part 2: A detailed example using the preSUre chamber. Grapevine Management Guide, 2014-2015, NSW DPI, Orange, Australia, pp. 15-19.
12. Fraga, H., Malheiro, A.C., Moutinho-Pereira, J., & Santos, J.A. (2012). An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture. Food Energy Secur., 1, 94-110.
13. Gamero, E., Moreno, D., Talaverano, I., Prieto, M.H., Guerra, M.T., & Valdes, M.E. (2014). Effects of irrigation and cluster thinning on Tempranillo grape and wine composition. S Afr. J Enol. Vitic., 35(2), 196-204.
14. Grantz, D.A., & Williams, L.E. (1993). An empirical protocol for indirect measurement of leaf area index in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). HortScience, 28, 777-779.
15. Irimia, L., & Tardea, C. (2006). The exposable leaf area and the leaf index, which characterize the grapevine training systems in the Avereşti wine-growing centre, Huşi Vineyard. Agron. Res. Moldavia, 3(127), 41-46.
16. Kara, Z., & Fakhar, M.S.M. (2020). The effects of malch applications on the seedling quality of 110R and Fercal grape rootstocks. Selcuk J Agric. & Food Sci., 34(2), 162-168.
17. Karaoglan, M., Kozina, B., Maslov, L., Osrecak, M., Dominko, T., & Plichta, M. (2011). Effect of cluster thinning on fruit composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir (Vitis vinifera L.). J Cent. European Agric., 12(3), 477-485.
18. Kennedy, U., Learmonth, R., & Hassal, T. (2009). Effects on grape and wine quality of bunch thinning of Merlot under Queensland conditions. Queensland Wine Industry Association, 18 May 2009, Project Number: RT 06/05-2. Australia.
19. Kliewer, W.M., & Dokoozlian, N.K. (2005). Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines: Influence on fruit composition and wine quality. Amer. J Enol. Vitic., 56, 170-181.
20. Korkutal, İ., Bahar, E., & Koskosoğlu, B. (2022). Farklı eğimdeki konum ve anaçlara sahip bağda salkım seyreltmenin; salkım özellikleri ve verime etkisi. Bahçe, 51(2), 83-92.
21. Koundouras, S., Marinos, V., Gkoulioti, A., Kotseridis, Y., & van Leeuwen, C. (2006). Influence of vineyard location and vine water status on fruit maturation of nonirrigated cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.). Effects on wine phenolic and aroma components. J Agric Food Chem., 54(14), 5077-86.
22. Lakso, A.N., & Sacks, G.L. (2009). Vine balance: what is it and how does it change over the season? The contributions of Dr. Mark Kliewer. in: Recent advances in canopy management. Proc. W.M. Kliewer Symp. 16, Davis, CA, pp. 21-25.
23. Levin, A.D. (2019). Re-evaluating pressure chamber methods of water status determination in field-grown grapevine (Vitis spp.). Agric. Water Manag., 221, 422-429.
24. Levin, A.D., Williams, L.E., & Matthews, M.A. (2019). A continuum ofstomatal responses to water deficits among 17 wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). Funct Plant Biol., 47, 11-25.
25. Li, Y.M., Forney, C., Bondada, B., Leng, F., & Xie, Z.S. (2021). The molecular regulation of carbon sink strength in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Front. Plant Sci., 11, 606918.
26. Lorenz, D., Eichhorn, K., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., Meier, U., & Weber, E. (1995). Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale. Aust. J Grape & Wine Res., 1, 100-110.
27. Marin, D., Garcia, R., Eraso, J., Urrestarazu, J., Miranda, C., Royo, J.B., Abad, F.J., & Santesteban, L.G. (2019). Evaluation of the agronomic performance of 'Syrah' and 'Tempranillo' when grafted on 12 rootstocks. Vitis, 58(Special Issue), 111-118.
28. Martinson, T. (2019). Grapevine sources and sinks: allocation of photosynthate over the growing season. New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. 2020-41595-30123.
29. Mehofer, M., Schmuckenschlager, B., Hanak, K., Vitovec, N., Braha, M., Cazim, T., Gorecki, A., Christiner, F., & Hofstetter, I. (2021). Investigations into the effects of the rootstock varieties Kober 5BB, Fercal and 3309 Couderc on the nutrient content of leaves as well as generative and vegetative performance of the grape variety 'Roesler'. Mitteil. Klost., Rebe und Wein, Obstbau und Früch., 71(3), 204-221.
30. Mercenaro, L., de Oliveira, A.F., Cocco, M., & Nieddu, G. (2019). Yield and grape quality of three red grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) in relation to altimetry. BIO Web Conf., 13 02002. 6p.
31. Sanchez-de-Miguel, P., Bazea, P., Junquera, P., & Lissarrague, J.R. (2010). Chapter: 3 Vegetative Development: Total Leaf Area and Surface Area Indexes. Methodologies and Results in Grapevine Research. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 31-44.
32. TMM, (2021). Tekirdağ Meteoroloji İstasyonu Müdürlüğü Verileri.
33. Tsegay, D., Amsalem, D., Almeida, M., & Crandles, M. (2015). Responses of grapevine rootstocks to drought stress. Int. J Plant Physiol. & Biochem., 6(1), 1-6.
34. Uzun, M. (2019). Farklı su stresi seviyelerinin organik ve konvansiyonel olarak yetiştirilen Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde tane heterojenitesi ve bileşimine etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), TNKÜ, Fen Bil. Enst., Tekirdağ.
35. Vance A.J., Reeve A.L. & Skinkis, P.A. (2013). The role of canopy management in vine balance. Oregon State University Extension Work.
36. Vicente, A., & Yuste, J. (2015). Cluster thinning in cv. Verdejo rainfed grown: Physiologic, agronomic and qualitative effects, in the D.O. Rueda (Spain). BIO Web of Conf. 5, 01020.
37. Williams, L.E., & Araujo, F.J. (2002). Correlations among predawn leaf, midday leaf, and midday stem water potential and their correlations with other measures of soil and plant water status in Vitis vinifera L. J Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 127(3), 448-454.
38. Williams, L.E., & Trout, T.J. (2005). Relationships among vine- and soil-based measures of water status in a Thompson Seedless vineyard in response to high-frequency drip irrigation. Amer. J Enol. Vitic., 56(4), 357-366. Williams, L.E., Grimes, D.W., & Phene, C.J. (2010). The effects of applied water at various fractions of measured evapotranspiration on reproductive growth and water productivity of Thompson Seedless grapevines. Irrig Sci., 28, 233-243.
39. Zhuang, S., Tozzini, L., Green, A., Acimovic, D., & Howell, G.S. (2014). Impact of cluster thinning and basal leaf removal on fruit quality of Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines grown in cool climate conditions. HortScience, 49(6), 750-756.