Investigation of Some Turkish Maize Landraces of Water Use Efficiency and Drought Susceptibility Index

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 96 - 104, 30.06.2025

Önder Albayrak , Cuma Akıncı

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1539837

Öz

Objective: Due to the increasing drought day by day, local plant populations are the biggest source of breeders focusing on developing drought-resistant varieties. The unit dry matter production of maize, which uses a high amount of water, is also higher than other crops. Accordingly, the importance of varieties with high water use efficiency is increasing against the water shortage that the world is facing today. In the study, in which Turkish maize landraces were examined in terms of water use efficiency (WUE) and drought susceptibility index (DSI).
Materials and Methods: 16 corn populations and 3 corn varieties were used for control purposes. It was conducted for two years (2016-2017) in two application conditions, in which 150% (I 150) and 50% (I 50) of the evaporated water was given, depending on evaporation.
Results: WUE, which varied between 0.32-2.73 kg m-3 in the first year of the study, varied between 0.04-1.97 kg m-3 in the second year of the study. According to the DSI values varying between 0.83-1.17.
Conclusion: WUE values of cultivars were higher than Turkish maize landraces. According to the results, 5 maize landraces and two varieties were determined as moderately drought resistant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maize Landrace , Drought , Water Use Efficiency , Irrigation , Stress

Destekleyen Kurum

Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

ZİRAAT.17.019

Türkiye Yerel Mısırlarından Bazılarının Su Kullanım Etkinliği ve Kuraklığa Dayanıklılık İndekslerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Her geçen gün artan kuraklık nedeniyle, yerel bitki popülasyonları, kuraklığa dayanıklı çeşitler geliştirmeye odaklanan ıslahçıların en büyük kaynağıdır. Yüksek miktarda su kullanan mısırın birim kuru madde üretimi de diğer mahsullere göre daha yüksektir. Buna bağlı olarak, bugün dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı su kıtlığına karşı yüksek su kullanım etkinliğine sahip çeşitlerin önemi artmaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye'deki yerel mısır çeşitleri su kullanım etkinliği (WUE) ve kuraklığa dayanıklılık indeksi (DSI) açısından incelenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırmada, 16 yerel mısır popülasyonu ve Kontrol amaçlı 3 hibrit mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Buharlaşmaya bağlı olarak buharlaşan suyun %150'sinin (I 150) ve %50'sinin (I 50) verildiği iki uygulama koşulunda iki yıl (2016-2017) süre ile yürütülmüştür.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın birinci yılında 0,32-2,73 kg m-3 arasında değişen WUE, çalışmanın ikinci yılında 0,04-1,97 kg m-3 arasında değişmiştir. DSI değerleri ise 0,83-1,17 arasında değişmiştir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, kontrol çeşitlerinin WUE değerleri Türkiye yerel mısır çeşitlerinden daha yüksekti. Sonuçlara göre 5 yerel mısır çeşidi ve iki hibrit çeşidin kuraklığa orta derecede dayanıklı olduğu belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yerel mısır , Kuraklık , Su Kullanım Etkinliği , Sulama , Stres

Proje Numarası

ZİRAAT.17.019

Kaynakça

• Adamtey, N., Cofie, O., Ofosu-Budu, K. G., Ofosu-Anim, J., Laryea, K. B., & Forster, D. (2010). Effect of N-enriched co-compost on transpiration efficiency and water-use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) under controlled irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 97(7), 995-1005.
• Debaeke, P., & Aboudrare, A. (2004). Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. Eur. J. Agron. 21, 433–446.
• Doorenbos, J., & Kassam, A.H. (1979). Yield Response to Water, Irrigation and Drainage, Paper No. 33. FAO, Rome, Italy, p. 193. Durmus, E., Cakalogullari, U., & Tatar, O. (2015). Relations between water use efficiency and related physiological parameters of maize in field conditions. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 52(3), 307-315.
• Erdal, S. (2014). Determination of drought tolerance level of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and molecular characterization. Phd thesis. Süleyman Demirel Universty Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Isparta, Türkiye.
• Erdal, S. (2016). Determination of selection criteria associated with grain yield under normal and drought stress conditions in maize. Derim, 33(1), 131-143.
• Gencoglan, C., & Yazar, A. (1999). The effects of deficit irrigations on corn yield and water use efficiency. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23, 233-241.
• Grema, A.K., & Hess, T.M. (1994). Water balance and water use of millet-cowpea intercrops in north east Nigeria. Agric. Water Manage. 26, 169–185.
• Grzesiak, M.T., Waligórski, P., Janowiak, F., Marcinska, I., Hura, K., Szczyrek, P., & Glab, T. (2013). The relations between drought susceptibility index based on grain yield (DSIGY) and key physiological seedling traits in maize and triticale genotypes. Acta Physiol Plant. 35, 549–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1097-5
• Huang, R., Birch, C. J., & George, D. L. (2006). Water use efficiency in maize production – the challenge and improvement strategies. 6th Triennial Conference, 21-23 Şubat 2006, Griffith, New South Wales.
• Kang, S., Shi, W., & Zhang, J. (2000). An improved water-use efficiency for maize grown under regulated deficit irrigation. Field Crops Research, 67(3), 207-214.
• Khodarahmpour, Z. (2011). Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination indices in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(79), 18222-18227.
• Kirnak, H., Gencoglan, C., & Degirmenci, V., (2003). Effect of deficit irrigation on yield and growth of second crop corn in harran plain cınditions. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 34(2), 117-123.
• Majid, M.A., Saiful, M.S., El Sabagh, A., Hasan, M.K., Barutcular, C., Ratnasekera, D., & Islam, M.S. (2017). Evaluation of growth and yield traits in corn under irrigation regimes in subtropical climate. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 5(2), 134-150.
• Mansouri-Far, C., Sanavy, S. A. M. M., & Saberali, S. F. (2010). Maize yield response to deficit irrigation during low-sensitive growth stages and nitrogen rate under semi-arid climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 97, 12-22.
• Morris, R.A., & Garrity, D.P. (1993). Resource capture and utilization in intercropping water. Field Crops Res. 34, 303–317.
• Öztürk, A. (1999). Drought resistance in bread wheat genotypes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(EK5), 1237-1248.
• Rees, D.J. (1986a). Crop growth, development and yield in semi-arid conditions in Botswana. II. The effects of intercropping Sorghum bicolor with Vigna unguiculata. Exp. Agric. 22, 169–177.
• Rees, D.J. (1986b). The effects of population density and intercropping with cowpea on the water use and growth of sorghum in semi-arid conditions in Botswana. Agric. For. Meteorol. 37, 293–308.
• Shackel, K.A., & Hall, A.E. (1984). Effect of intercropping on the water relations of sorghum and cowpea. Field Crops Res. 8, 381–387.
• Shaozhong, K., Huanjie, C., & Jianhua, Z., (2000). Estimation of maize evapotranspiration under water deficits in a semiarid region. Agricultural Water Management, 43(1), 1-14.
• Simsek, M., & Gercek, S. (2005). The effect of different irrigation interval on water-yield relationship of corn (Zea mays L. Indentata) grown in semi-arid conditions. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty,36(1), 77-82.
• Singh, S., Narwal, S.S., & Chander, J. (1988). Effect of irrigation and cropping systems on consumptive use, water use efficiency and moisture extraction patterns of summer fodders. Int. J. Trop. Agric. 6, 76–82.
• Xu, L., & Hsiao, T. C., (2004). Predicted versus measured photosynthetic water-use efficiency of crop stands under dynamically changing field environments. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(407), 2395-2411.
• Yolcu, R. (2014). Effects of different irrigation regimes and different application frequencies of nitrogen on yield and quality of drip-irrigated silage corn under Diyarbakir condition. PhD Thesis. Çukurova University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Adana, Türkiye. 147.