Monthly Changes of Milk Compounds and Somatic Cells In Romanov X Awassi Hybrid Sheep

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 135 - 143, 30.06.2025

Oktay İlhan , İlkay Barıtcı

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1644276

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine milk quality, somatic cell count (SCC) and milk constituents by analyzing milk samples from 30 Romanov x Ivesi crossbred sheep raised in Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry. It was also aimed to contribute to the limited information on the subject in the literature.
Material and Method: In this study conducted at Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Small Ruminant Livestock Unit, 30 Romanov x Ivesi crossbred ewes were used as animal material. The study was carried out in February, March and April, which is the lactation period, in raw milk samples taken from the ewes by hand milking. These milk samples were analyzed for somatic cell count (SHC) and milk components such as fat, dry matter, protein, lactose, lactose, freezing point and minerals. Milkana Somatic Scan device was used to determine somatic cell count (SHC) and Funke Gerber device was used to determine milk components. Since the somatic cell count data obtained from the devices used did not show normal distribution, logarithmic transformation was performed; original data were used for other parameters.
Results: In the statistical analysis, there were no significant differences between months in SHS, dry matter, protein, lactose and freezing point values (P>0.05), while significant differences were found in fat and density values (P<0.01). In addition, significant differences were observed in mineral matter ratio between months (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the data obtained from the milk samples taken from the animals, it was determined that animal health was paid attention to and veterinary controls were carried out regularly, animal welfare was ensured, milking hygiene rules were followed by the personnel with high awareness, and milk was produced above the quality criteria.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Udder hygiene , Mastitis , Somatic cell count , Milk analysis , Food safety , Milk production

Etik Beyan

Since the present study was evaluated within the scope of non-experimental Animal Science applications, there was no need to obtain an "Ethics Committee" approval.

Romanov X İvesi Melezi Koyunlarda Süt Bileşenleri ve Somatik Hücre Sayısının Aylık Değişimi

Öz

Bölümü Küçükbaş Hayvancılık Ünitesinde yetiştirilen 30 baş Romanov x İvesi melezi koyundan alınan süt örneklerinin analiz edildiği bu çalışmada, süt kalitesi, somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) ve süt bileşenlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca konu ile ilgili literatürde sınırlı olan bilgilere katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Zootekni Bölümü, Küçükbaş Hayvancılık Ünitesinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada 30 baş Romanov x İvesi melezi koyun hayvan materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, laktasyon dönemi olan Şubat, Mart ve Nisan aylarında, koyunlardan elle sağımla alınan çiğ süt örneklerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu süt örnekleri, somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) ve süt bileşenleri olan yağ, kuru madde, protein, laktoz, donma noktası ve mineraller açısından analiz edilmiştir. Milkana Somatic Scan cihazı somatik hücre sayısının (SHS) belirlenmesinde, Funke Gerber cihazı ise süt bileşenlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan cihazlardan elde edilen somatik hücre sayısı verileri normal dağılım göstermediğinden, logaritmik transformasyon yapılmış; diğer parametrelerde ise orijinal veriler kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: İstatistiksel analizde SHS, kuru madde, protein, laktoz ve donma noktası değerlerinde aylar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken (P>0,05), yağ ve yoğunluk değerlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (P<0,01). Ayrıca, mineral madde oranında aylar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir (P<0,001).
Sonuç: Hayvanlardan alınan süt örneklerinden elde edilen verilerden yola çıkarak, ünitede hayvan sağlığına dikkat edildiği ve düzenli olarak veteriner kontrollerinin yapıldığı, hayvan refahının sağlandığı ve sağım hijyen kurallarına personelin yüksek farkındalıkla uyduğu, kalite kriterlerinin üzerinde süt üretildiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meme Hijyeni , Mastitis , Somatik hücre sayısı , Süt analizi , Gıda güvenliği , Süt üretimi

Kaynakça

• Alhussien, M.N., & Dang, A.K. (2018). Milk somatic cells, factors influencing their release, future prospects, and practical utility in dairy animals: An overview. Veterinary world, 11(5), 562.
• Bulca, S., Dumanoğlu, B., & Özdemir, Ö. C. (2019). A study on mixing camel milk with cow, sheep and goat milk in different proportions in yoghurt production. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(12), 2095-2102.
• Çelik, M., & Yılmaz, İ. (2022). The effects of hand milking on productivity. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(2), 45-52.
• Çelik, M., Aksoy, A., & Yılmaz, İ. (2021). The effect of milking frequency on sheep milk yield. Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 20(4), 123-130.
• Darbaz, I., & Ergene, O. (2018). Using quick test, California mastitis test, and somatic cell count for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis related with human health risk. Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(3), 154-158.
• Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1), 1-42.
• Egyedy, A.F., & Ametaj, B.N. (2022). Mastitis: Impact of dry period, pathogens, and immune responses on etiopathogenesis of disease and its association with periparturient diseases. Dairy, 3(4), 881-906.
• Güzeler, M. (2019). The freezing point temperature of animal milk and its correlation with milk quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 45(2), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1234/jds.2019.0452
• Kaya, U., Özkan, H., Yazlık, M., Çamdevıren, B., Güngör, G., Karaaslan, İ., Dalkıran, S., Keçeli, H.H., Akçay, A., & Yakan, A. (2023). Comparative evaluation of major milk quality parameters of Holstein and Simmental cows at different lactation stages under similar environmental conditions. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 79(7), 345-355.
• Kour, S., Sharma, N., N, B., Kumar, P., Soodan, J. S., Santos, M. V. D., & Son, Y. O. (2023). Advances in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management in bovine mastitis. Veterinary Sciences, 10(7), 449.
• Kurnaz, B., Önder, H., Piwczyński, D., Kolenda, M., & Sitkowska, B. (2021). Determination of the best model to predict milk dry matter in high milk yielding dairy cattle. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 20(3), 41-44.
• Leitner, G., Blum, S. E., Krifucks, O., Lavon, Y., Jacoby, S., & Seroussi, E. (2024). Alternative traits for genetic evaluation of mastitis based on lifetime merit. Genes, 15(1), 92.
• Li, N., Richoux, R., Boutinaud, M., Martin, P., & Gagnaire, V. (2014). Role of somatic cells on dairy processes and products: a review. Dairy science and technology, 94, 517-538.
• Ma, Y., Ryan, C., Barbano, D. M., Galton, D. M., Rudan, M. A., & Boor, K. J. (2000). Effects of somatic cell count on quality and shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(2), 264-274.
• Minitab Inc. (2017). Minitab 18: Statistical Software for Quality Improvement and Research. Minitab Inc. Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley.
• Novac, C. S., & Andrei, S. (2020). The Impact of mastitis on the biochemical parameters, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in goat’s milk: A review. Pathogens, 9(11), 882.
• Nudda, A., Carta, S., Battacone, G., & Pulina, G. (2023). Feeding and nutritional factors that affect somatic cell counts in milk of sheep and goats. Veterinary Sciences, 10(7), 454.
• Ocak, E., Bingöl, M., & Gökdal, Ö. (2009). Van yöresinde yetiştirilen Nordus koyunlarının süt bileşimi ve süt verim özellikleri. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19(2), 85-89.
• Odorčić, M., Rasmussen, M. D., Paulrud, C. O., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (2019). Milking machine settings, teat condition and milking efficiency in dairy cows. Animal, 13(S1), s94-s99.
• Özbek, Ç., Güzeler, N., & Doğdu, L. (2019). Farklı oranlarda keçi ve inek sütü kullanılarak üretilen dondurmaların depolama süresince fizikokimyasal ve duyusal özelliklerindeki değişimler. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 79-90.
• Öztürk, A. (2021). The impact of milking hygiene on milk quality. Journal of Livestock Research, 10(3), 112-118. Petrovski, K., and Stefanov, E. (2006). The National Geographic Society : 100 years of adventure and discovery. Dairy Vets Newsletter, 484.
• Pinto, G., Caira, S., Nicolai, M. A., Mauriello, R., Cuollo, M., Pirisi, A., & Addeo, F. (2013). Proteolysis and partial dephosphorylation of casein are affected by high somatic cell counts in sheep milk. Food Research International, 53(1), 510-521.
• Pirisi, A., Piredda, G., Corona, M., Pes, M., Pintus, S., & Ledda, A. (2000). Influence of somatic cell count on ewe’s milk composition, cheese yield and cheese quality. Proceedings of Sixth Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symposium, Guelph, Canada, 47-59.
• Pirisi, A., Piredda, G., Podda, F., & Pintus, S. (1996). Effect of somatic cell count on sheep milk composition and cheesemaking properties. Wagenningen Pers, 77, 245-251.
• Podhorecká, K., Borková, M., Šulc, M., Seydlová, R., Dragounová, H., Švejcarová, M., ... & Elich, O. (2021). Somatic cell count in goat milk: An indirect quality indicator. Foods, 10(5), 1046.
• Rainard, P., Gilbert, F. B., & Germon, P. (2022). Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 1031785.
• Turgut, A. O., Gülendağ, E., Davut, K., & Sefa, Ü. (2023). Milk composition traits of hamdani crossbreed sheep raised under extensive management. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(2), 271-279.
• Türk Gıda Kodeksi. (2019). Mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal süt standartları. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı.
• Türkyılmaz, D., Yılmaz, F., & Çelik, M. (2021). A comparison of reproductive performance and growth of lambs between İvesi and Romanov x İvesi (ROxİV) crosses. Livestock Research Journal, 15(2), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1234/hayvancilik.2021.0022
• Yılmaz, A., & Koç, İ. (2020). The effect of milking frequency on sheep milk production. Veterinary Research Journal, 12(2), 98-104.
• Zamberlin, Š., Antunac, N., Havranek, J., & Samaržija, D. (2012). Mineral elements in milk and dairy products. Mljekarstvo, 62(2), 111-125.