Türkçenin Akrabaları: Altay Dilleri Teorisi ve Genler

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 99 - 137, 07.06.2024

Caner Kerimoğlu

Öz

Charles Darwin dillerin yayılımı ile insanların akrabalıkları arasında
bir bağ olabileceğini iddia ettiğinde genetik diye bir bilim yoktu. Genetik
araştırmaları bu iddiayı bilimsel olarak inceleme imkânı verdi. Dil ve gen
paralelliği ile ilgili araştırmalar dikkat çekici bir hızla ilerlemektedir. Dil ve
gen örtüşmesiyle ilgili çalışmalar büyük oranda Darwin’i doğrulamaktadır.
Bununla birlikte azımsanmayacak sayıda örtüşme bulunmayan örnekler
de vardır. Bu çalışmada Altay dilleri ve özellikle de Türkçe ile ilgili
gen araştırmalarını değerlendiriyorum. Son araştırmalar Türk dili
konuşurlarının genetik olarak komşularına yakın olduğunu göstermektedir.
Altay dilleri teorisi ile ilgili çalışmalarda da komşuluk ilişkisi öne
çıkmaktadır. Ancak Altay dillerini konuşanlar arasında genetik bir bağ
olduğunu raporlayan araştırmalar bulunmaktadır. Temel sözcükler, çekim
ögeleri gibi dil özellikleri üzerinden ilerleyen Altay dilleri teorisi arkeoloji
ve genetikten gelen bilgilerle de genişleme eğilimdedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkçe, genetik, dil ailesi, Altay dilleri teorisi, diller ve genler.

Relatives of Turkish: Altaic Languages Theory and Genes

Öz

When Charles Darwin claimed that there could be a connection between
linguistic dissemination and human kinship, the science of genetics did
not exist. Genetic research has provided the opportunity to scientifically
examine this claim. Studies on the parallelism between language and
genes are progressing rapidly. Research on the overlap between language
and genes largely confirms Darwin’s assertions. However, there are also
examples with a significant lack of overlap. In this study, I evaluate genetic
research on Altaic languages, especially Turkish. Recent studies show that
speakers of the Turkish language are genetically close to their neighbours.
Studies related to the Altaic language theory also highlight a relationship
of proximity. Nevertheless, there are studies reporting a genetic connection
among speakers of Altaic languages. The Altaic language theory, which
progresses based on language features like basic words and inflections, is
also expanding with insights from archaeology and genetics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish, genetics, language family, Altaic languages theory

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