An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Phubbing and Social Anxiety in University Students
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 2182 - 2200, 28.08.2025
İsmail Nalbantoğlu
,
Sümeyra Turan
,
Betül Koçak
,
Betül Kocaman
Öz
The behavior of ignoring a person by focusing on a mobile phone in social settings is defined as "phubbing". This behavior can cause problems in social relationships. The studies on the potential causes of phubbing are quite limited. Social anxiety is thought to be a possible risk factor. This study examines the relationship between phubbing and social anxiety. Using a relational screening model, the study was carried out with the 401 university student participants. Data collection process of the study were conducted through the "Personal Information Form," "General Phubbing Scale," and " Short Form of Social Anxiety Scale". The data were analyzed through the SPSS 24.0 program, and Mann Whitney U tests were used for two-category variables, while Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for variables with three or more categories. The mean score of the participants on the General Phubbing Scale was found to be 41.94 ± 15.82, while the mean score on the Social Anxiety Scale Short Form was 28.79 ± 10.29. The analysis revealed a weak positive and statistically significant relationship between the total score of the General Phubbing Scale and the total score of the Social Anxiety Scale Short Form (rs: 0.227). According to the findings, it can be suggested that the individuals with higher social anxiety levels may exhibit more phubbing behavior. There is a need for interventions targeting social anxiety and phubbing to support university students' social interactions.
Proje Numarası
1919B012310369
Kaynakça
-
Al-Saggaf, Y., MacCulloch, R., & Wiener, K. (2019). Trait boredom is a predictor of phubbing frequency. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 4(3), 245-252.
-
Ang, C. S., Teo, K. M., Ong, Y. L., & Siak, S. L. (2019). Investigation of a preliminary mixed method of phubbing and social connectedness in adolescents. Addiction & Health, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22122/ahj.v11i1.539
-
Aydoğdu, F., & Yaşar, S. (2022). Ergen sosyotelist davranışlarının (phubbing) yordayıcıları olarak ebeveyn sosyotelizmine maruz kalma ve empati. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (56), 401-425. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1042303
-
Bakır, V., & Dilmaç, B. (2023). Examining the relationship between phubbing and mental health among university students: A mixed study. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(3), 602-621. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1331114
-
Baranova, T., Kobicheva, A., & Tokareva, E. (2022). Effect of Phubbing on Students’ Performance. In International School on Neural Networks, Initiated by IIASS and EMFCSC (pp. 849-856). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
-
Can, F., Bozgün, K. (2021). Sosyal kaygı ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçeye uyarlanarak psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Muallim Rıfat Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 156-168.
-
Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018
-
Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP). Computers in human behavior, 88, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.020
-
Chu, X., Chen, Y., Litifu, A., Zhou, Y., Xie, X., Wei, X., & Lei, L. (2024). Social anxiety and phubbing: the mediating role of problematic social networking and the moderating role of family socioeconomic status. Psychology in the Schools, 61(2), 553-567. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23067
-
Chu, X., Ji, S., Wang, X., Yu, J., Chen, Y., & Lei, L. (2021). Peer phubbing and social networking site addiction: the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of family financial difficulty. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 670065. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670065
-
Davey, S., Davey, A., Raghav, S., Singh, J., Singh, N., Blachnio, A., & Przepiórkaa, A. (2018). Predictors and consequences of “phubbing” among adolescents and youth in India: an impact evaluation study. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 25(1), 35-42 https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_71_17
-
Dell’Osso, L., Abelli, M., Pini, S., Carpita, B., Carlini, M., Mengali, F., ... & Massimetti, G. (2015). The influence of gender on social anxiety spectrum symptoms in a sample of university students. Rivista di psichiatria, 50(6), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1708/2098.22688
-
Eduardo, P. P., Teresa, M., Monje, R., María, J., Sanchez, R., & León, D. (2012). Mobile phone abuse or addiction. A review of the literature. Adicciones, 24(2), 139-152.
-
Franchina, V., Vanden Abeele, M., Van Rooij, A. J., Lo Coco, G., & De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102319
-
Garrido, E. C., Delgado, S. C., & Esteban, P. G. (2024). Phubbing and its impact on the individual's psychological well-being. Acta Psychologica, 248, 104388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104388
-
Garrido, E. C., Issa, T., Esteban, P. G., & Delgado, S. C. (2021). A descriptive literature review of phubbing behaviors. Heliyon, 7(5), e07037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07037
-
Guazzini, A., Duradoni, M., Capelli, A., & Meringolo, P. (2019). An explorative model to assess individuals’ phubbing risk. Future Internet, 11(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11010021
-
Hales, A. H., Dvir, M., Wesselmann, E. D., Kruger, D. J., & Finkenauer, C. (2018). Cell phone-induced ostracism threatens fundamental needs. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(4), 460-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1439877
-
Han, J. H., Park, S. J., & Kim, Y. (2022). Phubbing as a millennials' new addiction and relating factors among nursing students. Psychiatry investigation, 19(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0163
-
Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Şahin, B. M., ... & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.005
-
Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak-Şahin, B., ... & Babadağ, B. (2016). Sanal dünyanın kronolojik bağımlılığı: Sosyotelizm (phubbing). Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 3(2), 223-269 https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0013
-
King, A. L. S., Valenca, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025
-
Kliesener, T., Meigen, C., Kiess, W., & Poulain, T. (2022). Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents. BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 195. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03815-4
-
La Greca, A. M., Ingles, C. J., Lai, B. S., & Marzo, J. C. (2015). Social anxiety scale for adolescents: factorial invariance across gender and age in Hispanic American adolescents. Assessment, 22(2), 224-232.
-
Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2015). The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use and Academic Performance in a Sample of U.S. College Students. Sage Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015573169
-
Nunes, C., Ayala-Nunes, L., Pechorro, P., & La Greca, A. M. (2018). Short form of the social anxiety scale for adolescents among community and institutionalized Portuguese youths. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(3), 273-282.
-
Oral, M., & Karakurt, N. (2025). Mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between phubbing and social media addiction among higher education students. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2445098
-
Orhan, A. T. (2023). Teorik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde phubbing. Business, Economics and Management Research Journal, 6(2), 218-232. https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1260128
-
Orhan-Göksün, D. (2019). Sosyotelist olma ve sosyotelizme maruz kalma ölçeklerinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(3), 657-671.
-
Parmaksız, İ. (2021). The mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between phubbing and mindfulness. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 22(2), 1387-1420. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.904379
-
Roberts, J. A. & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058
-
Sahin, S., Ozdemir, K., Unsal, A., & Temiz, N. (2013). Evaluation of mobile phone addiction level and sleep quality in university students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 29(4), 913–918. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.294.3686
-
Sánchez-Martínez, M., & Otero, A. (2009). Factors associated with cell phone use in adolescents in the community of Madrid (Spain). CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0164
-
Sönmez Sarı, E., Kırbaş, Z. Ö., Güneş, H., Akeren, Z., et al. (2023). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyotelizme maruz kalma ve sosyotelist olma durumlarının incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 209-218.
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Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyotelizm (Phubbing) ile Sosyal Kaygı İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 2182 - 2200, 28.08.2025
İsmail Nalbantoğlu
,
Sümeyra Turan
,
Betül Koçak
,
Betül Kocaman
Öz
Sosyal ortamda cep telefonuna odaklanarak karşısındakini görmezden gelme davranışı sosyotelizm olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu davranış sosyal ilişkilerde sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Sosyotelizmin potansiyel nedenleri üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Sosyal kaygının bir risk faktörü olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sosyotelist davranma ile sosyal kaygı arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırma 401 üniversite öğrencisinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Genel Sosyotelist Olma Ölçeği” ve “Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği Kısa Formu” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri SPSS 24.0 programı ile analiz edilmiş olup, bağımsız grup karşılaştırmalarında iki kategorili değişkenler için Mann Whitney U testi, üç veya daha fazla kategoriye sahip değişkenler için ise Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların Genel Sosyotelist Olma Ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalaması 41,94±15,82 olarak belirlenirken Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği Kısa Formu’ndan alınan puan ortalaması ise 28,79±10,29 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda katılımcıların Genel Sosyotelist Olma Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği Kısa Formu toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde zayıf düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmiştir (rs: 0,227). Bu bulgular, sosyal kaygı düzeyi yüksek olan bireylerin daha fazla sosyotelist davranış sergileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal etkileşimlerini desteklemek amacıyla sosyal kaygıyı ve sosyotelist davranışı hedef alan müdahalelere gereksinim bulunmaktadır.
Destekleyen Kurum
TUBİTAK
Proje Numarası
1919B012310369
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, TUBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde katkısı olan TUBİTAK’a teşekkür etmektedir.
Kaynakça
-
Al-Saggaf, Y., MacCulloch, R., & Wiener, K. (2019). Trait boredom is a predictor of phubbing frequency. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 4(3), 245-252.
-
Ang, C. S., Teo, K. M., Ong, Y. L., & Siak, S. L. (2019). Investigation of a preliminary mixed method of phubbing and social connectedness in adolescents. Addiction & Health, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22122/ahj.v11i1.539
-
Aydoğdu, F., & Yaşar, S. (2022). Ergen sosyotelist davranışlarının (phubbing) yordayıcıları olarak ebeveyn sosyotelizmine maruz kalma ve empati. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (56), 401-425. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1042303
-
Bakır, V., & Dilmaç, B. (2023). Examining the relationship between phubbing and mental health among university students: A mixed study. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(3), 602-621. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1331114
-
Baranova, T., Kobicheva, A., & Tokareva, E. (2022). Effect of Phubbing on Students’ Performance. In International School on Neural Networks, Initiated by IIASS and EMFCSC (pp. 849-856). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
-
Can, F., Bozgün, K. (2021). Sosyal kaygı ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçeye uyarlanarak psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Muallim Rıfat Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 156-168.
-
Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018
-
Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP). Computers in human behavior, 88, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.020
-
Chu, X., Chen, Y., Litifu, A., Zhou, Y., Xie, X., Wei, X., & Lei, L. (2024). Social anxiety and phubbing: the mediating role of problematic social networking and the moderating role of family socioeconomic status. Psychology in the Schools, 61(2), 553-567. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23067
-
Chu, X., Ji, S., Wang, X., Yu, J., Chen, Y., & Lei, L. (2021). Peer phubbing and social networking site addiction: the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of family financial difficulty. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 670065. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670065
-
Davey, S., Davey, A., Raghav, S., Singh, J., Singh, N., Blachnio, A., & Przepiórkaa, A. (2018). Predictors and consequences of “phubbing” among adolescents and youth in India: an impact evaluation study. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 25(1), 35-42 https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_71_17
-
Dell’Osso, L., Abelli, M., Pini, S., Carpita, B., Carlini, M., Mengali, F., ... & Massimetti, G. (2015). The influence of gender on social anxiety spectrum symptoms in a sample of university students. Rivista di psichiatria, 50(6), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1708/2098.22688
-
Eduardo, P. P., Teresa, M., Monje, R., María, J., Sanchez, R., & León, D. (2012). Mobile phone abuse or addiction. A review of the literature. Adicciones, 24(2), 139-152.
-
Franchina, V., Vanden Abeele, M., Van Rooij, A. J., Lo Coco, G., & De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102319
-
Garrido, E. C., Delgado, S. C., & Esteban, P. G. (2024). Phubbing and its impact on the individual's psychological well-being. Acta Psychologica, 248, 104388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104388
-
Garrido, E. C., Issa, T., Esteban, P. G., & Delgado, S. C. (2021). A descriptive literature review of phubbing behaviors. Heliyon, 7(5), e07037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07037
-
Guazzini, A., Duradoni, M., Capelli, A., & Meringolo, P. (2019). An explorative model to assess individuals’ phubbing risk. Future Internet, 11(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11010021
-
Hales, A. H., Dvir, M., Wesselmann, E. D., Kruger, D. J., & Finkenauer, C. (2018). Cell phone-induced ostracism threatens fundamental needs. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(4), 460-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1439877
-
Han, J. H., Park, S. J., & Kim, Y. (2022). Phubbing as a millennials' new addiction and relating factors among nursing students. Psychiatry investigation, 19(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0163
-
Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Şahin, B. M., ... & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.005
-
Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak-Şahin, B., ... & Babadağ, B. (2016). Sanal dünyanın kronolojik bağımlılığı: Sosyotelizm (phubbing). Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 3(2), 223-269 https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0013
-
King, A. L. S., Valenca, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025
-
Kliesener, T., Meigen, C., Kiess, W., & Poulain, T. (2022). Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents. BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 195. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03815-4
-
La Greca, A. M., Ingles, C. J., Lai, B. S., & Marzo, J. C. (2015). Social anxiety scale for adolescents: factorial invariance across gender and age in Hispanic American adolescents. Assessment, 22(2), 224-232.
-
Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2015). The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use and Academic Performance in a Sample of U.S. College Students. Sage Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015573169
-
Nunes, C., Ayala-Nunes, L., Pechorro, P., & La Greca, A. M. (2018). Short form of the social anxiety scale for adolescents among community and institutionalized Portuguese youths. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(3), 273-282.
-
Oral, M., & Karakurt, N. (2025). Mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between phubbing and social media addiction among higher education students. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2445098
-
Orhan, A. T. (2023). Teorik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde phubbing. Business, Economics and Management Research Journal, 6(2), 218-232. https://doi.org/10.58308/bemarej.1260128
-
Orhan-Göksün, D. (2019). Sosyotelist olma ve sosyotelizme maruz kalma ölçeklerinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(3), 657-671.
-
Parmaksız, İ. (2021). The mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between phubbing and mindfulness. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 22(2), 1387-1420. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.904379
-
Roberts, J. A. & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058
-
Sahin, S., Ozdemir, K., Unsal, A., & Temiz, N. (2013). Evaluation of mobile phone addiction level and sleep quality in university students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 29(4), 913–918. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.294.3686
-
Sánchez-Martínez, M., & Otero, A. (2009). Factors associated with cell phone use in adolescents in the community of Madrid (Spain). CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0164
-
Sönmez Sarı, E., Kırbaş, Z. Ö., Güneş, H., Akeren, Z., et al. (2023). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyotelizme maruz kalma ve sosyotelist olma durumlarının incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 209-218.
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