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THE ROLE OF BROTHERHOOD AND UNITY PROPAGANDA IN YUGOSLAV POPULAR MUSIC IN 1970s AND 1980s

Yıl 2020, , 121 - 149, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.746466

Öz

Music has been an important part of Yugoslav society, identity and national consciousness throughout the whole existence of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This article focuses on implementation of Brotherhood and Unity ideology into Yugoslav popular music in 1970s and 1980s of 20th century in wider historical, cultural and political context. Building on wide range of primary and secondary sources (mainly of western, central and south-eastern European provenience), that has not been yet used and analysed in depth, it seeks to analyse how state ideology affected Yugoslav music and thus society. The aim of the article is by using comparative analysis and methodology developed by Serge R. Denisoff, bring completely new and yet unpublished view on phenomenon of Brotherhood and Unity ideology and its connection to popular music-put much-needed light on the complicated social and cultural relations between Yugoslav nations through music phenomenon. This topic is very important since state doctrine, national narratives, historical memory affect current and also future development of Ex-Yugoslav regions what is clearly visible on elaborated material

Kaynakça

  • BATINIĆ, Jelena, Women and Yugoslav Partisans: A History of World War II Resistance. Cambridge University Press, New York 2015.
  • BEGO, Mark and Randy Jones, Macho Man: The Disco Era and Gay America’s Coming Out, Praeger, Westport 2008.
  • BISERKO, Sonja, Yugoslavia from a Historical Perspective. Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, Belgrade 2017.
  • BYSTRICKÝ, Valerián and Roguľová, Jaroslava. Storočie propagandy. Slovensko v osídlach ideológií, AEPress, Bratislava 2005.
  • ČVORO, Uroš, Turbo-Folk Music and Cultural Representations of National Identity in Former Yugoslavia. Ashgate, Farnham 2014.
  • DENISOFF, Serge R., Sing a Song of Social Significance, Bowling Green University Popular Press, Ohio 1972.
  • DRAGOVIC-SOSO, Jasna, “Why Did Yugoslavia Disintegrate? An Overview of Contending Explanations”, State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavia’s Disintegration, Lenard J. Cohen and Jasna Dragovic-Soso, eds., Purdue University Press 2007, pp. 1-39.
  • FAST, Susan, and Kip Pegley (eds.), Music, Politics, and Violence, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press 2012.
  • GLIGORIJEVIĆ, Jelena, Contemporary music festivals as micronational spaces: articulations of national identity in Serbia’s Exit and Guča trumpet festivals in the post-Milošević era, University of Turku, Turku 2019.
  • GRIFFIN, Gabriele, and Rosi Braidotti, Thinking Differently: A Reader in European Women’s Studies, Zed Books, London 2002.
  • GRANT, M. J., Rebecca Möllemann, Ingvill Morlandstö, Simone Christine Münz and Cornelia Nuxoll, “Music and Conflict: Interdisciplinary Perspectives”, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Volume 35, Number 2, 2010, pp. 183-198.
  • HOFMAN, Ana, “Folk Music as a Folk Enemy: Music Censorship in Socialist Yugoslavia”, Popular Music in Eastern Europe Breaking the Cold War Paradigm, Ewa Mazierska, (Ed.), Macmillan, London 2016.
  • ________, “Lepa Brena: Repolitization of musical memories on Yugoslavia,” Glasnik Etnografskog instituta, Volume 60, Number 1, 2012, pp. 21 -32.
  • JAKIŠA, Miranda, and Nikica Gilić, Partisans in Yugoslavia: Literature, Film and Visual Culture, Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2015.
  • JOWETT, Garth S., - Victoria O’Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion. SAGE, Los Angeles 2012.
  • JOVANOVIC, Zlatko, "All Yugoslavia Is Dancing Rock and Roll": Yugoslavness and the Sense of Community in the 1980s Yu-Rock, Københavns Universitet, Det Humanistiske Fakultet Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, 2014.
  • KECMANOVIĆ, Dusan, Ethnic Times: Exploring Ethnonationalism in the Former Yugoslavia, Praeger, Westport 2001.
  • KOZOROG, Miha and Rajko Muršič (eds.), Sounds of Attraction: Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Popular Music, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 2017.
  • LINDSTROM, Nicole, “Yugonostalgia: Restorative and reflective nostalgia in former Yugoslavia”, East central Europe-L'Europe du centre-est, Volume 32, Number 1-2, 2005, pp. 227-237.
  • MAZIERSKA, Ewa, and Zsolt, Győri (eds.), Eastern European Popular Music in a Transnational Context Beyond the Borders, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham 2019.
  • MIŠINA, Dalibor, Shake, Rattle and Roll: Yugoslav Rock Music and the Poetics of Social Critique, Ashgate, Farnham 2013.
  • ________, “Spit and Sing, My Yugoslavia: New Partisans, Social Critique and Bosnian Poetics of the Patriotic,” Nationalities Papers, Volume 38, Number 2, 2010, pp. 265-289.
  • ________, “The Blue (White and Red) Orchestra: A Soundtrack for the Country that Never Was”, Nationalities Papers, Volume 45, Number 3, 2017, pp. 425-441.
  • MELICHÁREK, Maroš, “Národná symbolika a mýtus v srbských vojenských piesňach z obdobia r. 1991-1995”, Porta Balkanica, Volume 7, Number 2, 2015, pp. 25-34
  • OGNJENOVIĆ, Gorana and Jasna Jozelić, Titoism, Self-Determination, Nationalism, Cultural Memory.Volume Two, Tito’s Yugoslavia, Stories Untold, Palgrave MacMillan, New York 2016.
  • PETROV, Ana, “Yugonostalgia in the market: Popular music and consumerism in post-Yugoslav space”, Muzikološki Zbornik, Volume 53, Number 1, 2017, pp. 203-215.
  • ________, “Yugonostalgia as a Kind of Love: Politics of Emotional Reconciliations through Yugoslav Popular Music”, Humanities, Volume, 7, Number 4, 2018. ________, “'Rock and roll will keep us together': Music and the representations of Yugoslav collectivity in the Day of Youth”, Studia Musicologica, Volume 56, number 4, 2015.
  • ________, “In Search of ‘Authentic’ Yugoslav Rock: The Life and Afterlife of Bijelo Dugme”, AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, Number 13, 2017, pp. 43-50.
  • PIRJEVEC, Jože, Jugoslávie. 1918-1992. Vznik, vývoj a rozpad Karadjordjevičovy a Titovy Jugoslávie, Argo, Prague 2000.
  • RASMUSSEN, Ljerka V., Newly Composed Folk Music of Yugoslavia, Routledge, New York 2013.
  • RAMET, Sabrina P., Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia From the Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic, Routledge, London 2002.
  • ŠESTÁK, Miroslav, Dějiny jihoslovanských zemí, Lidové noviny, Prague 1998.
  • ŠTĚPÁNEK, Václav, Jugoslávie - Srbsko - Kosovo : kosovská otázka ve 20. Století, Masaryk University, Brno 2011.
  • Tejchman, Miroslav, Balkán ve válce a v revoluci 1939-1945, Karolinum, Prague 2008.
  • VUČETIĆ, Radina, Coca-Cola Socialism: Americanization of Yugoslav Culture in the Sixties, Central European University Press, Budapest 2018.
  • VULETIĆ, Dean, “Generation Number One: Politics and Popular Music in Yugoslavia in the 1950s”, Nationalities Papers, Volume 36, Number 5, 2008, pp. 861-879.
  • ________, “Swinging between East and West: Yugoslav Communism and the Dilemmas of Popular Music.” Youth and Rock in the Soviet Bloc: Youth Cultures, Music, and the State in Russia and Eastern Europe, (ed.) William Jay Risch, Lexington Books, Lanham 2014, pp. 25-41.
  • VUJANOVIĆ, Ana, “The ‘Black Wave’ in the Yugoslav Slet: The 1987 and 1988 Day of Youth”, Social Choreography, Number 21, 2013, pp. 21-27.
  • Internet Sources
  • Sophia K. Yanick, “A Narrative Inquiry of Protest Songs: Comparing the Anti-War Music of Vietnam and Iraq”, (2016), Sociology and Criminal Justice Undergraduate Honors Theses, 2. p. 27-28. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/sociuht/, (17.2.2020).
  • TATA KUPI MI AUTO. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvFOlmmMaPo, (17.2.2020).
  • Zrinka Mozara, “The Role of Music in the Conflict-Tool of Reconciliation or a Deadly Weapon (Case Study of War in Former Yugoslavia)”, (2017), pp. 1-15. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/pdf/participant-papers/2015-12_annual/The-Role-Of-Music-In-The-Conflict--Zrinka-Mozara.pdf, (17.2.2020).
  • Oprah Talks to Stevie Wonder, http://www.oprah.com/omagazine/oprah-interviews-stevie-wonder/2, (9.2.2020). Мој је отац био партизан, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dg7V3EBdtUE, (17.2.2020).
  • Ismeta Dervoz: Pjesmu 'Zemljo moja' najviše je volio Tito, https://radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/teme/ismeta-dervoz-pjesmu-zemljo-moja-najvise-je-volio-tito/181754, (18.2.2020).
  • Ismeta Krvavac - Zemljo moja, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfOffUK7i3o, (17.2.2020).
  • Božo Repe, Les migrations sur le territoire de l'ancienne Yougoslavie de 1945 a nos jours: predavanje: Séminaire européen d'enseignants "Etre migrant(e) en Europe", 6-9 mars 2002, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Neuchâtel. Neuchâtel, 2002. http://oddelki.ff.uni-lj.si/zgodovin/wwwrepe/20th/Migrations%20in%20the%20territory.pdf, (17.2.2020).
  • Katarina Radulović, Računajte na nas, Kumrovec, Dan mladosti 25 maj 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZcdUIv5fNs, (17.2.2020).
  • Danilo Zivkovic – “Jugoslavija”, https://tekstovi.net/2,792,9734.html, (19.2.2020).
  • Plavi Orkestar – “Fa fa fasista” - (Audio), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSuA_SWbqc8, (20.2.2020).
  • Djordje Tamić, “From “Yugoslavism” to (Post-) Yugoslav Nationalisms: Understanding Yugoslav Identities”, http://dordetomic.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/From-Yugoslavism.pdf, (20.2.2020).
  • Bijelo Dugme - Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pkAwXlduks, (20.2.2020).
  • Bijelo Dugme - Kosovska, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKQO0WJo8Xs, (20.2.2020).
  • Lepa Brena - Zivela Jugoslavija - (Temisvar,1984), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rohAI7Qt5DE, (20.2.2020).
  • Lepa Brena - Koncert na stadionu Vasil Levski - ( Sofia, Bugarska 1990), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhQxB-D_A8A, (20.2. 020).
  • Lepa Brena: “A Yugoslav”, https://rememberingyugoslavia.com/lepa-brena-yugoslav/, (20.2.2020).
  • Bennett Shapiro, “Kitsch Me, I’m Brena-slavian”, https://scalar.usc.edu/works/turbofolk/kitsch-me-im-brena-slavian, (20.2.2020).
  • Dan Mladosti 1984 Zeljko Bebek Drugarska, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euquonlkPSI, (20.2.2020).

1970 VE 1980’Lİ YILLARDA POPÜLER YUGOSLAV MÜZİĞİNDE KARDEŞLİK VE BİRLİK PROPAGANDASININ ROLÜ

Yıl 2020, , 121 - 149, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.746466

Öz

Müzik Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti’nin var oluşundan beri, Yugoslav toplumunun, kimliğinin ve ulusal bilincinin önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Bu çalışma, 1970 ve 1980’li yıllarda popüler Yugoslav müziğinde uygulanan Kardeşlik ve Birlik ideolojisine daha geniş bir tarihsel, kültürel ve politik bağlamda odaklanmaktadır. Bugüne kadar kullanılmamış ve detaylı olarak araştırılmamış pek çok birincil ve ikincil kaynaklara dayanarak devlet ideolojisinin Yugoslav müziğini ve böylece toplumu nasıl etkilediğini irdelemeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Kardeşlik ve Birlik olgusuna ve bu olgunun popüler müzikle ilişkisine karşılaştırmalı inceleme yaparak ve Serge R. Denisoff tarafından geliştirilen yöntemi kullanarak tamamen yeni ve üstelik daha önce değinilmemiş bir bakış açısı getirmek ve müzik aracılığıyla Yugoslav milletleri arasındaki karmaşık toplumsal ve kültürel ilişkileri gözler önüne sermektir. Bu konu, çalışmada ele alınan örneklerden de açıkça görüldüğü gibi, son derece önemlidir çünkü devlet doktrini, ulusal anlatılar ve tarihsel hafıza Eski Yugoslavya bölgelerinin güncel durumunu ve geleceğini de etkilemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • BATINIĆ, Jelena, Women and Yugoslav Partisans: A History of World War II Resistance. Cambridge University Press, New York 2015.
  • BEGO, Mark and Randy Jones, Macho Man: The Disco Era and Gay America’s Coming Out, Praeger, Westport 2008.
  • BISERKO, Sonja, Yugoslavia from a Historical Perspective. Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, Belgrade 2017.
  • BYSTRICKÝ, Valerián and Roguľová, Jaroslava. Storočie propagandy. Slovensko v osídlach ideológií, AEPress, Bratislava 2005.
  • ČVORO, Uroš, Turbo-Folk Music and Cultural Representations of National Identity in Former Yugoslavia. Ashgate, Farnham 2014.
  • DENISOFF, Serge R., Sing a Song of Social Significance, Bowling Green University Popular Press, Ohio 1972.
  • DRAGOVIC-SOSO, Jasna, “Why Did Yugoslavia Disintegrate? An Overview of Contending Explanations”, State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavia’s Disintegration, Lenard J. Cohen and Jasna Dragovic-Soso, eds., Purdue University Press 2007, pp. 1-39.
  • FAST, Susan, and Kip Pegley (eds.), Music, Politics, and Violence, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press 2012.
  • GLIGORIJEVIĆ, Jelena, Contemporary music festivals as micronational spaces: articulations of national identity in Serbia’s Exit and Guča trumpet festivals in the post-Milošević era, University of Turku, Turku 2019.
  • GRIFFIN, Gabriele, and Rosi Braidotti, Thinking Differently: A Reader in European Women’s Studies, Zed Books, London 2002.
  • GRANT, M. J., Rebecca Möllemann, Ingvill Morlandstö, Simone Christine Münz and Cornelia Nuxoll, “Music and Conflict: Interdisciplinary Perspectives”, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Volume 35, Number 2, 2010, pp. 183-198.
  • HOFMAN, Ana, “Folk Music as a Folk Enemy: Music Censorship in Socialist Yugoslavia”, Popular Music in Eastern Europe Breaking the Cold War Paradigm, Ewa Mazierska, (Ed.), Macmillan, London 2016.
  • ________, “Lepa Brena: Repolitization of musical memories on Yugoslavia,” Glasnik Etnografskog instituta, Volume 60, Number 1, 2012, pp. 21 -32.
  • JAKIŠA, Miranda, and Nikica Gilić, Partisans in Yugoslavia: Literature, Film and Visual Culture, Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2015.
  • JOWETT, Garth S., - Victoria O’Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion. SAGE, Los Angeles 2012.
  • JOVANOVIC, Zlatko, "All Yugoslavia Is Dancing Rock and Roll": Yugoslavness and the Sense of Community in the 1980s Yu-Rock, Københavns Universitet, Det Humanistiske Fakultet Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, 2014.
  • KECMANOVIĆ, Dusan, Ethnic Times: Exploring Ethnonationalism in the Former Yugoslavia, Praeger, Westport 2001.
  • KOZOROG, Miha and Rajko Muršič (eds.), Sounds of Attraction: Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Popular Music, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 2017.
  • LINDSTROM, Nicole, “Yugonostalgia: Restorative and reflective nostalgia in former Yugoslavia”, East central Europe-L'Europe du centre-est, Volume 32, Number 1-2, 2005, pp. 227-237.
  • MAZIERSKA, Ewa, and Zsolt, Győri (eds.), Eastern European Popular Music in a Transnational Context Beyond the Borders, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham 2019.
  • MIŠINA, Dalibor, Shake, Rattle and Roll: Yugoslav Rock Music and the Poetics of Social Critique, Ashgate, Farnham 2013.
  • ________, “Spit and Sing, My Yugoslavia: New Partisans, Social Critique and Bosnian Poetics of the Patriotic,” Nationalities Papers, Volume 38, Number 2, 2010, pp. 265-289.
  • ________, “The Blue (White and Red) Orchestra: A Soundtrack for the Country that Never Was”, Nationalities Papers, Volume 45, Number 3, 2017, pp. 425-441.
  • MELICHÁREK, Maroš, “Národná symbolika a mýtus v srbských vojenských piesňach z obdobia r. 1991-1995”, Porta Balkanica, Volume 7, Number 2, 2015, pp. 25-34
  • OGNJENOVIĆ, Gorana and Jasna Jozelić, Titoism, Self-Determination, Nationalism, Cultural Memory.Volume Two, Tito’s Yugoslavia, Stories Untold, Palgrave MacMillan, New York 2016.
  • PETROV, Ana, “Yugonostalgia in the market: Popular music and consumerism in post-Yugoslav space”, Muzikološki Zbornik, Volume 53, Number 1, 2017, pp. 203-215.
  • ________, “Yugonostalgia as a Kind of Love: Politics of Emotional Reconciliations through Yugoslav Popular Music”, Humanities, Volume, 7, Number 4, 2018. ________, “'Rock and roll will keep us together': Music and the representations of Yugoslav collectivity in the Day of Youth”, Studia Musicologica, Volume 56, number 4, 2015.
  • ________, “In Search of ‘Authentic’ Yugoslav Rock: The Life and Afterlife of Bijelo Dugme”, AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, Number 13, 2017, pp. 43-50.
  • PIRJEVEC, Jože, Jugoslávie. 1918-1992. Vznik, vývoj a rozpad Karadjordjevičovy a Titovy Jugoslávie, Argo, Prague 2000.
  • RASMUSSEN, Ljerka V., Newly Composed Folk Music of Yugoslavia, Routledge, New York 2013.
  • RAMET, Sabrina P., Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia From the Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic, Routledge, London 2002.
  • ŠESTÁK, Miroslav, Dějiny jihoslovanských zemí, Lidové noviny, Prague 1998.
  • ŠTĚPÁNEK, Václav, Jugoslávie - Srbsko - Kosovo : kosovská otázka ve 20. Století, Masaryk University, Brno 2011.
  • Tejchman, Miroslav, Balkán ve válce a v revoluci 1939-1945, Karolinum, Prague 2008.
  • VUČETIĆ, Radina, Coca-Cola Socialism: Americanization of Yugoslav Culture in the Sixties, Central European University Press, Budapest 2018.
  • VULETIĆ, Dean, “Generation Number One: Politics and Popular Music in Yugoslavia in the 1950s”, Nationalities Papers, Volume 36, Number 5, 2008, pp. 861-879.
  • ________, “Swinging between East and West: Yugoslav Communism and the Dilemmas of Popular Music.” Youth and Rock in the Soviet Bloc: Youth Cultures, Music, and the State in Russia and Eastern Europe, (ed.) William Jay Risch, Lexington Books, Lanham 2014, pp. 25-41.
  • VUJANOVIĆ, Ana, “The ‘Black Wave’ in the Yugoslav Slet: The 1987 and 1988 Day of Youth”, Social Choreography, Number 21, 2013, pp. 21-27.
  • Internet Sources
  • Sophia K. Yanick, “A Narrative Inquiry of Protest Songs: Comparing the Anti-War Music of Vietnam and Iraq”, (2016), Sociology and Criminal Justice Undergraduate Honors Theses, 2. p. 27-28. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/sociuht/, (17.2.2020).
  • TATA KUPI MI AUTO. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvFOlmmMaPo, (17.2.2020).
  • Zrinka Mozara, “The Role of Music in the Conflict-Tool of Reconciliation or a Deadly Weapon (Case Study of War in Former Yugoslavia)”, (2017), pp. 1-15. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/pdf/participant-papers/2015-12_annual/The-Role-Of-Music-In-The-Conflict--Zrinka-Mozara.pdf, (17.2.2020).
  • Oprah Talks to Stevie Wonder, http://www.oprah.com/omagazine/oprah-interviews-stevie-wonder/2, (9.2.2020). Мој је отац био партизан, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dg7V3EBdtUE, (17.2.2020).
  • Ismeta Dervoz: Pjesmu 'Zemljo moja' najviše je volio Tito, https://radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/teme/ismeta-dervoz-pjesmu-zemljo-moja-najvise-je-volio-tito/181754, (18.2.2020).
  • Ismeta Krvavac - Zemljo moja, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfOffUK7i3o, (17.2.2020).
  • Božo Repe, Les migrations sur le territoire de l'ancienne Yougoslavie de 1945 a nos jours: predavanje: Séminaire européen d'enseignants "Etre migrant(e) en Europe", 6-9 mars 2002, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Neuchâtel. Neuchâtel, 2002. http://oddelki.ff.uni-lj.si/zgodovin/wwwrepe/20th/Migrations%20in%20the%20territory.pdf, (17.2.2020).
  • Katarina Radulović, Računajte na nas, Kumrovec, Dan mladosti 25 maj 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZcdUIv5fNs, (17.2.2020).
  • Danilo Zivkovic – “Jugoslavija”, https://tekstovi.net/2,792,9734.html, (19.2.2020).
  • Plavi Orkestar – “Fa fa fasista” - (Audio), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSuA_SWbqc8, (20.2.2020).
  • Djordje Tamić, “From “Yugoslavism” to (Post-) Yugoslav Nationalisms: Understanding Yugoslav Identities”, http://dordetomic.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/From-Yugoslavism.pdf, (20.2.2020).
  • Bijelo Dugme - Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pkAwXlduks, (20.2.2020).
  • Bijelo Dugme - Kosovska, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKQO0WJo8Xs, (20.2.2020).
  • Lepa Brena - Zivela Jugoslavija - (Temisvar,1984), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rohAI7Qt5DE, (20.2.2020).
  • Lepa Brena - Koncert na stadionu Vasil Levski - ( Sofia, Bugarska 1990), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhQxB-D_A8A, (20.2. 020).
  • Lepa Brena: “A Yugoslav”, https://rememberingyugoslavia.com/lepa-brena-yugoslav/, (20.2.2020).
  • Bennett Shapiro, “Kitsch Me, I’m Brena-slavian”, https://scalar.usc.edu/works/turbofolk/kitsch-me-im-brena-slavian, (20.2.2020).
  • Dan Mladosti 1984 Zeljko Bebek Drugarska, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euquonlkPSI, (20.2.2020).
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Maroš Melıchárek Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0122-0235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Melıchárek, M. (2020). THE ROLE OF BROTHERHOOD AND UNITY PROPAGANDA IN YUGOSLAV POPULAR MUSIC IN 1970s AND 1980s. Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 121-149. https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.746466

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