Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2021, , 145 - 178, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.954314

Öz

Kaynakça

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  • CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY, Assessing Russia’s Economic Footprint in the Western Balkans: Corruption and State Capture Risks, Sofia 2018.
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RUSSIA IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: A RECEDING POWER

Yıl 2021, , 145 - 178, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.954314

Öz

This study explores Russia’s efforts to move closer to the Western Balkan states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia which have expedited following the fall-out with the EU and the USA because of Crimea. Russia has intensified its dialogue with some political parties in these states, invested in key sectors of the economies of these countries’ and enhanced military cooperation with some of them. Russia’s efforts up to now have yielded mediocre results. The political influence of the EU in the region has increased to the detriment of Russia, Moscow has been surpassed by Brussels in the economic realm and all of these states with the exception of the Republika Srpska in Bosnia-Herzegovina continue to maintain military relations with the EU and NATO.

Kaynakça

  • BECHEV, Dimitar, Rival Power: Russia’s Influence in Southeast Europe, Yale University Press, New Haven 2017.
  • CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY, Assessing Russia’s Economic Footprint in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sofia 2018.
  • CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY, Assessing Russia’s Economic Footprint in Macedonia, Sofia 2018.
  • CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY, Assessing Russia’s Economic Footprint in Montenegro, Sofia 2018.
  • CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY, Assessing Russia’s Economic Footprint in the Western Balkans: Corruption and State Capture Risks, Sofia 2018.
  • KONESKA, Cvete, “The Macedonia Name Dispute: A Few Drivers and Spoilers of Success”, Insight Turkey, Volume XXI, No 2, Spring 2019, pp. 1-11.
  • SUTYRIN, Sergey, TROFIMENKO, Olga, VOROBIEVA, Irina, ZASHEV, Peter, ABRAMKOV, Alexander and PANTIC, Bojan, “Russian Investments in the Balkans: Expectations and Realities-The Special Case of Lukoil”, Journal of East-West Business, 2018, pp. 1-21.
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  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, “FYR Macedonia: Economic Indicators and Trade with EU”, 02 May 2018, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2018/620197/EPRS_ATA(2018)620197_EN.pdf, (11.06.2019).
  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT, Serbia’s Cooperation with China, the European Union, Russia and the United States of America, 21 November 2017, pp. 1-57, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/603854/EXPO_STU(2017)603854_EN.pdf, (22.05.2020).
  • “Expelled Russian Diplomat Leaves Macedonia”, TASS, 02 April 2018, http://tass.com/politics/997204, (22.05.2020).
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  • GALEOTTI, Mark, “Do the Western Balkans Face a Coming Russian Storm?”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 04 April 2018, https://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/do_the_western_balkans_face_a_coming_russian_storm, (22.05.2020).
  • GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA, “Plant Prodis of Russian Pharmaceutical Holding Protek Group Opens”, 31 October 2012, https://vlada.mk/node/4855?ln=en-gb, (11.06.2019).
  • LAKIC, Mladen, “Bosnia Should Recognise Crimea as Russian, Says Dodik”, Balkan Insight, 09 October 2018, https://balkaninsight.com/2018/10/09/crimes-is-part-of-russia-dodik-says-10-09-2018/, (24.06.2019).
  • “Macedonia Terrorist Raid May be Linked to Country’s Support of Russia – Lavrov”, RT, 16 May 2015, https://www.rt.com/news/259245-machedonia-shooting-russia-support/, (22.05.2020).
  • MAMCHITS, Roman, “Russian Investors to Lose Montenegro”, Invest Foresight, 25 April 2018, https://investforesight.com/russian-investors-to-loose-montenegro/, (09.06.2019).
  • MILACIC, Slavisha Batko, “Vladimir Putin in Serbia – Brotherhood and Geopolitics, International Affairs, Volume 25, January 2019, http://en.interaffairs.ru/experts/804-vladimir-putin-in-serbia-brotherhood-and-geopolitics.html, (24.06.2019).
  • MINISTRY OF DEFENCE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, “Agreement on Defence Signed between Serbia and the Russian Federation”, 13 November 2013, http://www.mod.gov.rs/eng/5824/potpisan-sporazum-o-saradnji-srbije-i-ruske-federacije-u-oblasti-odbrane-5824, (24.06.2019).
  • MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, “Nikolic, Patrushev Discuss Regional Security, Cooperation”, 27 October 2016, http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/daily-survey-rss/15861-daily-survey-27102016 (22.05.2020).
  • MIRONOVA, Vera and ZAWADEWICZ, Boydan, “Putin Is Building a Bosnian Paramilitary Force”, Foreign Policy, 08 August 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/08/putin-is-building-a-bosnian-paramilitary-force/, (24.06.2019). “Montenegro: Foreign Investment”, https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/establish-overseas/montenegro/investing, (09.06.2019).
  • “Montenegro Opposition Democratic Front, If Victorious in Upcoming Elections Will Support Russia and Promise to Lift Sanctions”, NRT 24, 13 October 2016, http://nrt24.ru/en/143837-2?language=de, (22.05.2020).
  • “Montenegro to Join EU by 2025”, Arton Capital, 31 October 2018, https://www.artoncapital.com/industry-news/montenegro-news/montenegro-to-join-eu-by-2025/, (09.06.2019).
  • NATO PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY, Defence and Security Committee (DSC): Subcommittee on Future Security and Defence Capabilities (DSCFC) Mission Report, 01 March 2019, pp. 1-8, https://www.nato-pa.int/download-file?filename=sites/default/files/2019-03/2018%20-%20MISSION%20REPORT%20DSC%20BIH%20AND%20SERBIA%20-%20254%20DSCFC%2018%20E.pdf, (24.06.2019).
  • NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION, “Relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina”, 06 December 2018, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49127.htm, (24.06.2019).
  • PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA, “Meeting with President of Republika Srpska Entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina Milorad Dodik”, 30 September 2018, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58662, (10.06.2019).
  • PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA, “Meeting with President of Serbia Aleksandar Vucic”, 02 October 2018, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58675, (22.05.2020).
  • “Putin’s Party Signs ‘Military Neutrality’ Agreements with Balkan Parties”, Balkan Insight, 29 June 2016, https://balkaninsight.com/2016/06/29/putin-s-party-signs-military-neutrality-agreements-with-balkan-parties-06-29-2016/, (22.05.2020).
  • REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, “Final Agreement for the Settlement on the Name Issue”, 17 August 2018, https://mfa.gov.mk/en/page/8/post/1511/konechen-dogovor-za-reshavanje-na-makedonsko-grchkiot-spor-za-imeto-i-za-strateshko-partnerstvo, (22.05.2020).
  • “Republika Srpska President Says He Will Not Allow Bosnia and Herzegovina to Join NATO”, TASS, 09 October 2018, https://tass.com/world/1025062, (24.06.2019).
  • “Russia Officially Supports Montenegrin Opposition”, Defend Democracy Press, 05 February 2016, http://www.defenddemocracy.press/1135/, (22.05.2020).
  • RUSSIAN-SERBIAN HUMANITARIAN CENTER, “About Us”, http://en.ihc.rs/about, (24.06.2019). “Russia’s Trade with Macedonia”, Russian Foreign Trade, 14 February 2018, http://en.russian-trade.com/reports-and-reviews/2018-02/russian-trade-with-macedonia-in-2017/, (11.06.2019).
  • “Russians Consider Selling VTB Banka Beograd”, Central European Financial Observer.eu, 31 March 2017, https://financialobserver.eu/recent-news/russians-consider-selling-vtb-banka-beograd/, (05.06.2020).
  • RWR ADVISORY GROUP, “Strategic Analysis: Russian Business Activity in Bosnia-Herzegovina”, https://www.rwradvisory.com/russian-activity-in-bosnia-herzegovina-abstract/, (10.06.2019). SAMORUKOV, Maxim, “Russia and the Western Balkans: A Last Stand or More of the Same?”, Carnegie Moscow Center, 04 September 2019, https://carnegie.ru/2019/09/04/russia-and-western-balkans-last-stand-or-more-of-same-pub-79796, (21.02.2021).
  • “Serbia Became a Part of the EU Battle Group: What is HELBROC”, Telegraf, 28 September 2017, https://www.telegraf.rs/english/2899520-serbia-became-a-part-of-the-eu-battle-group-what-is-helbroc, (24.06.2019).
  • “Serbia Should Seek Closer Ties with Russia, Find Alternative to EU”, Sputnik, 30 October 2015, https://sputniknews.com/politics/201510301029335204-serbian-politician-ties-with-russia/, (22.05.2020).
  • Serbian Politician Visits Crimea, Says ‘Peninsula Belongs to Russia’”, 112.international, 17 March 2017, https://112.international/politics/serbian-politician-visits-crimea-says-peninsula-belongs-to-russia-15127.html, (22.05.2020).
  • “Serbian President Lauds Military-Technical Cooperation with Russia”, TASS, 17 January 2019, https://tass.com/defense/1040501, (24.06.2019).
  • “Serbs Won’t Let Bosnia Join Sanctions against Russia”, b92, 26 March 2014, https://www.b92.net/eng/news/region.php?yyyy=2014&mm=03&dd=26&nav_id=89781, (22.05.2020).
  • SMITH, Helena, “Putin Says US Wants to ‘Assert Dominance’ in Balkans as Macedonia Changes Name”, The Guardian, 16 January 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/16/putin-says-us-wants-to-assert-dominance-in-balkans-as-macedonia-changes-name, (24.06.2019).
  • STRONSKI, Paul and HIMES, Annie, “Russia’s Game in the Balkans”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 06 February 2019, https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/02/06/russia-s-game-in-balkans-pub-78235, (22.05.2020).
  • SZPALA, Marta, “Montenegro Seeks Alternatives to Cooperation with Russia”, Central European Financial Observer.eu, 08 November 2017, https://financialobserver.eu/cse-and-cis/montenegro/montenegro-seeks-alternatives-to-cooperation-with-russia/, (10.06.2019).
  • TAFURO AMBROSETTI, Eleonora, “There is Life Behind the EU: Russia, Turkey and China in the Western Balkans”, ISPI, 16 May 2018, https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/there-life-beyond-eu-russia-turkey-and-china-western-balkans-20528, (22.05.2020).
  • THE DELEGATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, “Benefits from Serbia-EU Trade”, 08 June 2019, https://europa.rs/serbia-and-the-eu/trade/benefits-from-serbia-eu-trade/?lang=en, (22.05.2020).
  • THE DELEGATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, “EU Assistance to Serbia”, 08 June 2019, https://europa.rs/eu-assistance-to-serbia/?lang=en, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Comment by the Information and Press Department Regarding Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Talks with Serbian First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dacic”, 16 April 2019, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/kommentarii_predstavitelya/-/asset_publisher/MCZ7HQuMdqBY/content/id/3617079, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation”, 18 February 2013, http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id/122186, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Interview with Serbian Information Agency BETA”, 19 February 2018, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/meropriyatiya_s_uchastiem_ministra/-/asset_publisher/xK1BhB2bUjd3/content/id/3084489, (24.06.2019).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Interview with Sputnik News Agency”, 13 December 2016, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2561259, (24.06.2019). THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov Interviewed by Bulgarian Journal International Relations”, 02 March 2018, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/maps/bg/-/asset_publisher/10DlCiVBpk4q/content/id/3105914, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Remarks and Answers to Media Questions at a News Conference on the Results of Russian Diplomacy in 2018”, 16 January 2019, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/meropriyatiya_s_uchastiem_ministra/-/asset_publisher/xK1BhB2bUjd3/content/id/3476729, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Remarks and Answers to Questions at the Joint News Conference following Talks with President of Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Milorad Dodik”, 21 September 2018, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/meropriyatiya_s_uchastiem_ministra/-/asset_publisher/xK1BhB2bUjd3/content/id/3348662, (10.06.2019).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Remarks and Answers to Questions During Government Hour at the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly”, 20 May 2015, http://www.mid.ru/en_GB/press_service/minister_speeches/-/asset_publisher/7OvQR5KJWVmR/content/id/1299243, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov Speaks and Takes Questions During the Forum, Russia-Land of Opportunity”, 15 March 2018, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/o-situacii-vokrug-otravlenia-s.skripala-i-ego-doceri-v-velikobritanii/-/asset_publisher/miIpunj3lj96/content/id/3120578, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Statement and Answers to Media Questions at a Joint News Conference Following Talks with Serbian First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dacic”, 17 April 2019, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/meropriyatiya_s_uchastiem_ministra/-/asset_publisher/xK1BhB2bUjd3/content/id/3618519, (24.06.2019).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “ Press Release on Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s Telephone Conversation with German Foreign Minister and OSCE Chairperson-in-Office Frank-Walter Steinmeier”, 29 September 2016, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/telefonnye-razgovory-ministra/-/asset_publisher/KLX3tiYzsCLY/content/id/2478984, (22.05.2020).
  • THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, “Foreign Ministry Statement on UN Security Council Voting on the British Draft Resolution on the Srebrenica Massacre in July 1995”, 08 July 2015, http://www.mid.ru/en/web/guest/foreign_policy/international_safety/conflicts/-/asset_publisher/xIEMTQ3OvzcA/content/id/1549415, (22.05.2020).
  • TISDALL, Simon, “Result of Macedonia’s Referendum is Another Victory for Russia”, The Guardian, 01 October 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/01/result-of-macedonia-referendum-is-another-victory-for-russia, (22.05.2020). UNITED NATIONS, “Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly at its 68th Session”, 27 March 2014, http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/68 (22.05.2020).
  • “US Says Russia Meddling in Macedonia Ahead of Name Referendum”, DW, 17 September 2018, https://www.dw.com/en/us-says-russia-meddling-in-macedonia-ahead-of-name-referendum/a-45515175, (22.05.2020).
  • VOJVODOVIC-MEDIC, Filip, “How to Downsize Russia in the Balkans”, GMF, 21 February 2018, http://www.gmfus.org/blog/2018/02/21/how-downsize-russia-balkans, (22.05.2020).
  • WALLER, Nicholas, “Russian-made Arms Shipment to Bosnian Serbs Sends Out Alarms”, New Europe, 16 February 2018, https://www.neweurope.eu/article/russian-made-arms-shipment-bosnian-serbs-sends-alarms/, (24.06.2019).
  • “Why Is Russia Opposed to Montenegro Joining NATO?”, Russia Beyond, 15 December 2015, https://www.rbth.com/international/2015/12/15/why-is-russia-opposed-to-montenegro-joining-nato_551179, (24.06.2019).
  • “Wiretap Scandal Threatens Democracy in Macedonia”, Euractiv, 23 April 2015, https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/wiretap-scandal-threatens-democracy-in-macedonia/, (22.05.2020).
  • ZIVANOVIC, Maja, “Ukraine Tells Serbia to Respect its Sovereignty”, Balkan Insight, 08 November 2017, https://balkaninsight.com/2017/11/08/ukraine-ask-serbia-to-respect-its-sovereignty-and-integrity-11-07-2017/, (22.05.2020).
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatma Aslı Kelkitli Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0164-8736

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Kelkitli, F. A. (2021). RUSSIA IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: A RECEDING POWER. Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 145-178. https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.954314

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