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NATIONAL IDENTITY AND FOOTBALL: THE CASE OF HAJDUK SPLIT

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 235 - 266, 01.07.2024

Maroš Melichárek

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1505876

Öz

The objective of this study is to delve into the intricate facets of national identity as manifested in the historical trajectory of Hajduk Split. It endeavours to scrutinize the interplay and evolution of diverse identity constructs, encompassing regional, national, and supranational dimensions. Furthermore, the research aims to dissect the influence of successive political regimes on the club and its responsive mechanisms, thereby offering a nuanced comprehension of the intricate dynamics shaping identity formation and evolution. The main findings of this article highlight the ability of Hajduk to navigate and maintain its distinct identity amidst the backdrop of shifting ideologies. Despite the prevailing ideological currents, the club managed to function relatively independently while preserving its identity. The analysis underscores the importance of discerning the nature and direction of external pressures and the club’s capacity to resist them, particularly evident in the tension between Yugoslavism and pan-Croatian sentiments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nationalism Identity Football Hajduk Split Yugoslavia

Kaynakça

  • A. Books and articles
  • ÁGOSTON, Gábor, MASTERS, Bruce, Encyclopedia of the Ottomane Empire, Facts On File, Inc., New York 2009.
  • ANDJELIĆ, Neven, “The Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia: Politics and Football in the Service of the Nation(s)”, Südosteuropa. Zeitschrift für Politik und Gesellschaft, Volume 62, Number 2, 2014, pp. 99-125.
  • ANDERSEN, Tea Sindbæk, “Football and Memories of Croatian Fascism on Facebook”, Disputed Memory: Emotions and Memory Politics in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, (eds.) Tea Sindbæk Andersen and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter 2016, pp. 297-318.
  • BARTLETT, William, Croatia: Between Europe and the Balkans, Routledge, London 2006.
  • BELLAMY, J. Alex, The Formation of Croatian National Identity A Centuries-old Dream, Manchester University Press, Manchester 2003.
  • BENNET, Christopher, Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences, New York University Press, New York 1997.
  • BIEBER, Florian, BRENTIN, Dario, Social movements in the Balkans: Rebellion and protest from Maribor to Taksim, Fan protest and activism: Football from below in South-Eastern Europe, Routledge, London 2021.
  • BLASIUS, Martin, “FC Red Star Belgrade and the Multiplicity of Social Identifications in Socialist Yugoslavia: Representative Dimensions of the ‘Big Four’ Football Clubs”, The International Journal of the History of Sport, Volume 34, Number 9, 2017, pp. 783-799.
  • BRENTIN, Dario, ZEC, Dejan, “From the concept of the communist ‘new man’ to nationalist hooliganism: Research perspectives on sport in socialist Yugoslavia”, The International journal of the history of sport, Volume 34, Number 9, 2017, pp. 713-728.
  • BRENTIN, Dario, “ ‘A lofty battle for the nation’: the social roles of sport in Tudjman’s Croatia”, Sport in Society, Volume 16, Number 8, 2013, pp. 993-1008.
  • _______, “Now You See Who Is a Friend and Who an Enemy.” Sport as an Ethnopolitical Identity Tool in Postsocialist Croatia”, Comparative Southeast European Studies, Volume 62, Number 2, 2014, pp. 187-207.
  • _______, “Ready for the homeland? Ritual, remembrance, and political extremism in Croatian football”, Nationalities Papers, Volume 44, Number 6, 2016, pp. 1-17.
  • DANGL, Vojtech, KOPČAN, Vojtech, Vojenské dejiny Slovenska (1526 - 1711) II, MO SR, Bratislava 1995.
  • DA SILVA, Ruiz, “War? Another possible relation between Yugoslavia and its football”, Filos. e Educ., Volume 11, Number 3, 2019, pp. 494-508
  • DEVELI, T. O., “Nationalism and Football at First Glance: The Case of “Eternal Derby””, Mavi Atlas, Volume10, Number 1, 2022, pp. 310-322.
  • DJORDJEVIĆ, Ivan, “The Role of Red Star Football Club in the Construction of Serbian National Identity”, Traditiones, Volume 45, Number 1, 2016, pp. 117-132.
  • EAST, Roger, PONTIN, Jolyon, Revolution and Change in Central and Eastern Europe, Bloomsbury, London 2016.
  • GALIĆ, Marin, LALIĆ, Dražen, “Uses and Abuses of Nationalism in Contemporary Croatian Football”, International Relations and Diplomacy, Volume 9, Number 10, 2021, pp. 415-432.
  • GIZDIĆ, Jurica, Leksikon Hrvatskog nogometnog kluba Hajduk 1911-2022, Hajduk, Split 2023.
  • GLAURDIĆ, Josip, “Football activism as political contention: Contextual determinants of membership in the association of supporters of Hajduk Split”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Volume 55, Number 8, 2020, pp. 1094-1115.
  • GLORIOZOVA, Ekaterina et al., The Palgrave International Handbook of Football and Politics, Palgrave MacMillan, London 2018.
  • HAY, Roy, GUOTH, Nick, “No single pattern: Australian migrant minorities and the round ball code in Victoria”, Why Minorities Play or Don’t Play Soccer, (ed.) Kausik Bandyopadhyay, Routledge, London 2013, pp. 823-842.
  • HAY, Roy, “Croatia: Community, conflict and culture: The role of soccer clubs in migrant identity”, Immigrants & Minorities - Historical Studies in Ethnicity, Migration and Diaspora, Volume 17, Number 1, 1998, pp. 49-66.
  • KASSIMERIS, Christos, The Politics of Football, Routledge, London 2023.
  • KOLLER Christian, BRANDLE, Fabian, Goal! A Cultural and Social History of Modern Football, The Catholic University of America Press, Washington 2015.
  • KOVAČIĆ, Davor, “Yugoslav Football from Tito’s Death to the Breakup of Yugoslavia: Situation and Problems in the Climate of Political Conflict”, Football in the Balkans I: Internal Views, External Perceptions, (eds.) Darius Wojtaszyn and Maroš Melichárek, Peter Lang, New York 2023, pp. 57-79.
  • KUKAL, Jiří, Zažít derby, E-knihy jedou, Praha 2019.
  • LESKO, Mirko, Andrijica Šimić: Zadnji hrvatski hajduk, List Marija, Split 1979.
  • LJUSIĆ, Radoš, Vožd Karadžordže knj., Štamparija Zagorac, Belehrad 2000.
  • MANGAN, James A., Sport in Europe. Politics, Class, Gender, Frank Cass, London 1999.
  • MELICHÁREK, Maroš, Dejiny Balkánu po druhej svetovej vojne, Vydavateľstvo ŠafárikPress UPJŠ, Košice 2021.
  • _______, “Jeden kráľ, jeden národ, jeden štát...? Juhoslávia v období medzi dvoma svetovými vojnami”, Od bouře k bouři: Československo, Evropa a svět mezi dvěma světovými válkami (1918-1939), (eds.) Jakub Drábik and Jakub Rákosník, Academia, Prague 2022.
  • MILAS, Mijo, Hajdučka legenda Andrija Šimić, Split, 2015.
  • _______, Hrvatski narodni junak hajduk Andrijica Šimić, Logos, Split 1996.
  • MILLS, Richard, The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, I.B.Tauris, London 2018.
  • MONTAGUE, James, 1312: Among the Ultras. A Journey with the World’s Most Extreme Fans, Ebury Publishing, London 2020.
  • NILI, Shmuel, “The Rules of the Game-Nationalism, Globalisation and Football in Spain: Barça and Bilbao in a Comparative Perspective, Global Society”, Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations, Volume 23, Number 3, 2009, pp. 245-268.
  • OHEMENG, Frank, “Comparative Historical Analysis, A Methodological Perspective”, Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, (ed.) A. Farazmand, Springer Nature, Switzerland AG. A. 2020, pp. 1–6.
  • PANDŽIĆ, M. John, The History and Heritage of the Pandžićs from Drinovci, Dorrance Pub Co, Pittsburgh 2020.
  • PERASOVIĆ, Benjamin, MUSTAPIĆ, Marko, “Carnival supporters, hooligans, and the ‘Against Modern Football’ movement: life within the ultras subculture in the Croatian context” Sport in Society, Volume 21, Number 6, 2018, pp. 960-976.
  • _______, “Nogometni Navijači U Kontekstu Sociologije U Hrvatskoj: Istraživačke Perspektive 20 Godina Poslije, Torcida and Bad Blue Boys From hatred to cooperation and back”, Kineziologija, Volume 45, Number 2, 2013, pp. 262-275.
  • _______, “Football, Politics and Cultural Memory: The Case of HNK Hajduk Split”, Култура/Culture, Number 6, 2014, pp. 51-62.
  • _______, “Torcida and Bad Blue Boys: From Hatred to Cooperation and Back”, Football Fans, Rivalry and Cooperation, Christian Brandt and Fabian Hertel and Sean Huddleston, Routledge, London 2017, pp. 108-124.
  • POPOVIĆ, J. Dušan, O hajducima, Narodna štamparija, Belgrade 1930.
  • RAMET, Sabrina, The Three Yugoslavias. State-Building and Legitimation, 1918-2005, Indiana University Press, New York 2006.
  • RYCHLÍK, Jan (ed.), Dějiny Chorvatska, NLN, Prague 2007.
  • SACK, Allan. L., SUSTER, Zeljan, “Soccer and Croatian Nationalism: A Prelude to War”, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Volume 24, Number 3, pp. 305-320.
  • SIJIĆ, Milorad, Fudbal u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, Zavičajni muzej Župe Aleksandrovac, Aleksandrovac 2014.
  • STEHLÍK, Petr, Bosna v chorvatských národně-integračních ideologiích 19. Století, Masarykova univerzita, Brno 2013.
  • STOJANOVIĆ, Miodrag, Hajduci i klefti u narodnom pesništvu, Srpska Akademia nauka i umetnosti, Belgrade 1984.
  • TREGOURES, Loïc, “Croatia”, The Palgrave International Handbook of Football and Politics, (ed.) Jean-Michel De Waele and Suzan Gibril and Ekaterina Gloriozova and Ramón Spaaij, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2018, pp. 205-222.
  • TSAI, Dustin, “A Tale of Two Croatias”: How Club Football (Soccer) Teams Produce Radical Regional Divides in Croatia’s National Identity, Nationalities Papers, Volume 49, Number 1, 2021, pp. 126-141.
  • VRĆAR, Srdjan, “The Curious Drama of the President of a Republic Versus a Football Fan Tribe: A Symptomatic Case in the Post-communist Transition in Croatia”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Volume 37, Number 1, pp. 59-77.
  • WILLIAMS, Heather, Parachutes, Patriots and Partisans. The Special Operations Executive and Yugoslavia, 1941-1945, Hurst, London 2003.
  • WOJTASZYN, Dariusz, MELICHÁREK, Maroš, “Conclusions”, Football in the Balkans I. Internal Views, External Perceptions, Peter Lang, New York 2023, pp. 167-170.
  • B. Internet sources
  • COOLEY, Laurence, BRENTIN, Dario, “Nationalism and sport”, The State of Nationalism. National movements and Intermediary Structures in Europe, (eds.) Eric Taylor Woods and Robert Schertzer, 2016, https://stateofnationalism.eu/article/nationalism-and-sport/, (20.02.2024).
  • DJUREINOVIĆ, Jelena, Partisans on the Pitch, 2021, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2021/06/partisans-on-the-pitch, (20.02.2024).
  • KRAMARSICH, Igor, “L’Hajduk, squadra simbolo della Dalmazia”, La voce del popolo, Edition Dalmazia, Volume 14, Number 118, 2018, pp. 4-5, https://lavoce.hr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/dalmazia180407.pdf. (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/eng/article/hajduk-awarded-as-the-honorary-team-of-free-france-70-years-ago/4496, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/eng/history/stari-plac, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/klub/navijaci, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/povijest/1921-1930, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/povijest/1941-1950, (20.02.2024).
  • https://nashajduk.hr/, (20.02.2024).
  • https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/, (20.02.2024).
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpJRsvZY26k, (20.02.2024).
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtYQhzm6ddE, (20.02.2024).
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WnIQInnV2, (20.02.2024).

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 235 - 266, 01.07.2024

Maroš Melichárek

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1505876

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hajduk Split’in tarihsel sürecinde tezahür ettiği gibi ulusal kimliğin karmaşık yönlerini incelemektir. Ayrıca bölgesel, ulusal ve uluslarüstü boyutları kapsayan çeşitli kimlik yapılarının karşılıklı etkileşimini ve evrimini de incelemeye çalışmaktadır. Araştırma ayrıca, birbirini izleyen siyasi rejimlerin kulüp ve tepki mekanizmaları üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi ve böylece kimlik oluşumunu ve evrimini şekillendiren karmaşık dinamiklere dair incelikli bir kavrayış sunmayı da amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalenin temel bulguları, Hajduk’un değişen ideolojiler zemininde farklı kimliğini yönlendirme ve sürdürme becerisine ışık tutmaktadır. Hâkim ideolojik akımlara rağmen kulüp, kimliğini koruyarak nispeten bağımsız bir şekilde faaliyet göstermeyi başarmıştır. Analiz, özellikle Yugoslavizm ve pan-Hırvat duygular arasındaki gerilimde belirginleşen dış baskıların niteliğini ve yönünü ve kulübün bunlara direnme kapasitesini ayırt etmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Milliyetçilik Kimlik Futbol Hajduk Split Yugoslavya

Kaynakça

  • A. Books and articles
  • ÁGOSTON, Gábor, MASTERS, Bruce, Encyclopedia of the Ottomane Empire, Facts On File, Inc., New York 2009.
  • ANDJELIĆ, Neven, “The Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia: Politics and Football in the Service of the Nation(s)”, Südosteuropa. Zeitschrift für Politik und Gesellschaft, Volume 62, Number 2, 2014, pp. 99-125.
  • ANDERSEN, Tea Sindbæk, “Football and Memories of Croatian Fascism on Facebook”, Disputed Memory: Emotions and Memory Politics in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, (eds.) Tea Sindbæk Andersen and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter 2016, pp. 297-318.
  • BARTLETT, William, Croatia: Between Europe and the Balkans, Routledge, London 2006.
  • BELLAMY, J. Alex, The Formation of Croatian National Identity A Centuries-old Dream, Manchester University Press, Manchester 2003.
  • BENNET, Christopher, Yugoslavia’s Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences, New York University Press, New York 1997.
  • BIEBER, Florian, BRENTIN, Dario, Social movements in the Balkans: Rebellion and protest from Maribor to Taksim, Fan protest and activism: Football from below in South-Eastern Europe, Routledge, London 2021.
  • BLASIUS, Martin, “FC Red Star Belgrade and the Multiplicity of Social Identifications in Socialist Yugoslavia: Representative Dimensions of the ‘Big Four’ Football Clubs”, The International Journal of the History of Sport, Volume 34, Number 9, 2017, pp. 783-799.
  • BRENTIN, Dario, ZEC, Dejan, “From the concept of the communist ‘new man’ to nationalist hooliganism: Research perspectives on sport in socialist Yugoslavia”, The International journal of the history of sport, Volume 34, Number 9, 2017, pp. 713-728.
  • BRENTIN, Dario, “ ‘A lofty battle for the nation’: the social roles of sport in Tudjman’s Croatia”, Sport in Society, Volume 16, Number 8, 2013, pp. 993-1008.
  • _______, “Now You See Who Is a Friend and Who an Enemy.” Sport as an Ethnopolitical Identity Tool in Postsocialist Croatia”, Comparative Southeast European Studies, Volume 62, Number 2, 2014, pp. 187-207.
  • _______, “Ready for the homeland? Ritual, remembrance, and political extremism in Croatian football”, Nationalities Papers, Volume 44, Number 6, 2016, pp. 1-17.
  • DANGL, Vojtech, KOPČAN, Vojtech, Vojenské dejiny Slovenska (1526 - 1711) II, MO SR, Bratislava 1995.
  • DA SILVA, Ruiz, “War? Another possible relation between Yugoslavia and its football”, Filos. e Educ., Volume 11, Number 3, 2019, pp. 494-508
  • DEVELI, T. O., “Nationalism and Football at First Glance: The Case of “Eternal Derby””, Mavi Atlas, Volume10, Number 1, 2022, pp. 310-322.
  • DJORDJEVIĆ, Ivan, “The Role of Red Star Football Club in the Construction of Serbian National Identity”, Traditiones, Volume 45, Number 1, 2016, pp. 117-132.
  • EAST, Roger, PONTIN, Jolyon, Revolution and Change in Central and Eastern Europe, Bloomsbury, London 2016.
  • GALIĆ, Marin, LALIĆ, Dražen, “Uses and Abuses of Nationalism in Contemporary Croatian Football”, International Relations and Diplomacy, Volume 9, Number 10, 2021, pp. 415-432.
  • GIZDIĆ, Jurica, Leksikon Hrvatskog nogometnog kluba Hajduk 1911-2022, Hajduk, Split 2023.
  • GLAURDIĆ, Josip, “Football activism as political contention: Contextual determinants of membership in the association of supporters of Hajduk Split”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Volume 55, Number 8, 2020, pp. 1094-1115.
  • GLORIOZOVA, Ekaterina et al., The Palgrave International Handbook of Football and Politics, Palgrave MacMillan, London 2018.
  • HAY, Roy, GUOTH, Nick, “No single pattern: Australian migrant minorities and the round ball code in Victoria”, Why Minorities Play or Don’t Play Soccer, (ed.) Kausik Bandyopadhyay, Routledge, London 2013, pp. 823-842.
  • HAY, Roy, “Croatia: Community, conflict and culture: The role of soccer clubs in migrant identity”, Immigrants & Minorities - Historical Studies in Ethnicity, Migration and Diaspora, Volume 17, Number 1, 1998, pp. 49-66.
  • KASSIMERIS, Christos, The Politics of Football, Routledge, London 2023.
  • KOLLER Christian, BRANDLE, Fabian, Goal! A Cultural and Social History of Modern Football, The Catholic University of America Press, Washington 2015.
  • KOVAČIĆ, Davor, “Yugoslav Football from Tito’s Death to the Breakup of Yugoslavia: Situation and Problems in the Climate of Political Conflict”, Football in the Balkans I: Internal Views, External Perceptions, (eds.) Darius Wojtaszyn and Maroš Melichárek, Peter Lang, New York 2023, pp. 57-79.
  • KUKAL, Jiří, Zažít derby, E-knihy jedou, Praha 2019.
  • LESKO, Mirko, Andrijica Šimić: Zadnji hrvatski hajduk, List Marija, Split 1979.
  • LJUSIĆ, Radoš, Vožd Karadžordže knj., Štamparija Zagorac, Belehrad 2000.
  • MANGAN, James A., Sport in Europe. Politics, Class, Gender, Frank Cass, London 1999.
  • MELICHÁREK, Maroš, Dejiny Balkánu po druhej svetovej vojne, Vydavateľstvo ŠafárikPress UPJŠ, Košice 2021.
  • _______, “Jeden kráľ, jeden národ, jeden štát...? Juhoslávia v období medzi dvoma svetovými vojnami”, Od bouře k bouři: Československo, Evropa a svět mezi dvěma světovými válkami (1918-1939), (eds.) Jakub Drábik and Jakub Rákosník, Academia, Prague 2022.
  • MILAS, Mijo, Hajdučka legenda Andrija Šimić, Split, 2015.
  • _______, Hrvatski narodni junak hajduk Andrijica Šimić, Logos, Split 1996.
  • MILLS, Richard, The Politics of Football in Yugoslavia, I.B.Tauris, London 2018.
  • MONTAGUE, James, 1312: Among the Ultras. A Journey with the World’s Most Extreme Fans, Ebury Publishing, London 2020.
  • NILI, Shmuel, “The Rules of the Game-Nationalism, Globalisation and Football in Spain: Barça and Bilbao in a Comparative Perspective, Global Society”, Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations, Volume 23, Number 3, 2009, pp. 245-268.
  • OHEMENG, Frank, “Comparative Historical Analysis, A Methodological Perspective”, Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, (ed.) A. Farazmand, Springer Nature, Switzerland AG. A. 2020, pp. 1–6.
  • PANDŽIĆ, M. John, The History and Heritage of the Pandžićs from Drinovci, Dorrance Pub Co, Pittsburgh 2020.
  • PERASOVIĆ, Benjamin, MUSTAPIĆ, Marko, “Carnival supporters, hooligans, and the ‘Against Modern Football’ movement: life within the ultras subculture in the Croatian context” Sport in Society, Volume 21, Number 6, 2018, pp. 960-976.
  • _______, “Nogometni Navijači U Kontekstu Sociologije U Hrvatskoj: Istraživačke Perspektive 20 Godina Poslije, Torcida and Bad Blue Boys From hatred to cooperation and back”, Kineziologija, Volume 45, Number 2, 2013, pp. 262-275.
  • _______, “Football, Politics and Cultural Memory: The Case of HNK Hajduk Split”, Култура/Culture, Number 6, 2014, pp. 51-62.
  • _______, “Torcida and Bad Blue Boys: From Hatred to Cooperation and Back”, Football Fans, Rivalry and Cooperation, Christian Brandt and Fabian Hertel and Sean Huddleston, Routledge, London 2017, pp. 108-124.
  • POPOVIĆ, J. Dušan, O hajducima, Narodna štamparija, Belgrade 1930.
  • RAMET, Sabrina, The Three Yugoslavias. State-Building and Legitimation, 1918-2005, Indiana University Press, New York 2006.
  • RYCHLÍK, Jan (ed.), Dějiny Chorvatska, NLN, Prague 2007.
  • SACK, Allan. L., SUSTER, Zeljan, “Soccer and Croatian Nationalism: A Prelude to War”, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Volume 24, Number 3, pp. 305-320.
  • SIJIĆ, Milorad, Fudbal u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, Zavičajni muzej Župe Aleksandrovac, Aleksandrovac 2014.
  • STEHLÍK, Petr, Bosna v chorvatských národně-integračních ideologiích 19. Století, Masarykova univerzita, Brno 2013.
  • STOJANOVIĆ, Miodrag, Hajduci i klefti u narodnom pesništvu, Srpska Akademia nauka i umetnosti, Belgrade 1984.
  • TREGOURES, Loïc, “Croatia”, The Palgrave International Handbook of Football and Politics, (ed.) Jean-Michel De Waele and Suzan Gibril and Ekaterina Gloriozova and Ramón Spaaij, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2018, pp. 205-222.
  • TSAI, Dustin, “A Tale of Two Croatias”: How Club Football (Soccer) Teams Produce Radical Regional Divides in Croatia’s National Identity, Nationalities Papers, Volume 49, Number 1, 2021, pp. 126-141.
  • VRĆAR, Srdjan, “The Curious Drama of the President of a Republic Versus a Football Fan Tribe: A Symptomatic Case in the Post-communist Transition in Croatia”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Volume 37, Number 1, pp. 59-77.
  • WILLIAMS, Heather, Parachutes, Patriots and Partisans. The Special Operations Executive and Yugoslavia, 1941-1945, Hurst, London 2003.
  • WOJTASZYN, Dariusz, MELICHÁREK, Maroš, “Conclusions”, Football in the Balkans I. Internal Views, External Perceptions, Peter Lang, New York 2023, pp. 167-170.
  • B. Internet sources
  • COOLEY, Laurence, BRENTIN, Dario, “Nationalism and sport”, The State of Nationalism. National movements and Intermediary Structures in Europe, (eds.) Eric Taylor Woods and Robert Schertzer, 2016, https://stateofnationalism.eu/article/nationalism-and-sport/, (20.02.2024).
  • DJUREINOVIĆ, Jelena, Partisans on the Pitch, 2021, https://tribunemag.co.uk/2021/06/partisans-on-the-pitch, (20.02.2024).
  • KRAMARSICH, Igor, “L’Hajduk, squadra simbolo della Dalmazia”, La voce del popolo, Edition Dalmazia, Volume 14, Number 118, 2018, pp. 4-5, https://lavoce.hr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/dalmazia180407.pdf. (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/eng/article/hajduk-awarded-as-the-honorary-team-of-free-france-70-years-ago/4496, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/eng/history/stari-plac, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/klub/navijaci, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/povijest/1921-1930, (20.02.2024).
  • https://hajduk.hr/povijest/1941-1950, (20.02.2024).
  • https://nashajduk.hr/, (20.02.2024).
  • https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/, (20.02.2024).
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpJRsvZY26k, (20.02.2024).
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtYQhzm6ddE, (20.02.2024).
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WnIQInnV2, (20.02.2024).
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer), Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Maroš Melichárek Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0122-0235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Melichárek, M. (2024). NATIONAL IDENTITY AND FOOTBALL: THE CASE OF HAJDUK SPLIT. Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 235-266. https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1505876
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